953 resultados para ECUACIONES DE NAVIER - STOKES


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文中证明了本文第二作者提出的简化Navier-Stokes(SNS)方程在层流边界层分离点数学上为正则.Davis和Голвачев-Куэьмин-Попов 提出的SNS方程在分离点为数学奇异.进而论证了文献[2,3]的SNS方程在层流边界层分离点的奇异阶.最后给出了Navier-Stokes方程、上述两种SNS方程以及边界层方程在分离点邻域特性的比较.

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通过考察各种典型粘性敏感流区的结构,分析粘性扩散项的量级大小层次,本文确立了简化Navier-Stokes方程的基本形式,并推诸一般附体坐标系,为简化Navier-Stokes方程的理论研究和一般应用提供了基础。

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本文从流场中空间和时间的尺度分析及流体力学基本方程组(BEFM)中诸项的量级分析出发,提出了BEFM的层次结构理论,表明:当特征雷诺数Re>l、且一坐标方向的长度尺度大于其它坐标方向的长度尺度吋,按照BEFM中诸项的量级关系,形成从Euler方程到 BEFM 和从边界层方程到 BEFM 的两支层次结构,文中以二维可压缩流动和不可压缩轴对称射流为例说明了两支层次结构的关系和特点,分析了诸层次方程组的特征、次特征(Subcharacteristics)以及它们的数学性质,并把诸层次方程组与已有的诸简化Navier-Stakes方程组(SNSE)作了对照比较。

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本文利用十一种简化 Navier-Stokes 方程(SNSE) 求解已知Navier-Stokes(NS)方程准确解的层射流流动,表明:多数SNSE~([1-6])的解与NS方程的准确解不一致;少数SNSE~([7,8])的解与NS方程的准确解一致,文中在射流的喉部和拐点位置,给出几种SNSE解与准确解的相对偏差,并把粘性及惯性诸项加以定量比较,强调指出:按照边界层理论量级分析为Re~(1/2)和Re~1量级的惯性项以及Re~(-1/2)量级的粘性项具有重要影响;据此从力学角度论证了简化 NS 方程时,保留全部惯性项和合理取舍粘性项的必要性。

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本文在文献[1]的基础上,按照流场中长度尺度分布,惯性项与粘性项相对大小及数量级简化基本方程和划分流动区域的原则,给出:(1)可压缩绕球粘性流和射流的简化Navier-Stokes(NS)方程的层次结构和诸简化NS方程(SNSE),表明从边界层方程到NS方程和从Euler方程到NS方程的层次结构均包含十多种SNSE,但就SNSE的数学特征而言证明只有椭圆型,扩散抛物化和抛物型三类;(2)扩散抛物化方程(DPE)的数学特征与Euler方程一致,力学上表示扰动通过“压力梯度项”向上游传播,高阶扩散项“规定的”椭圆型下游效应可以忽略,故判断诸DPE优劣的标准应看能否准确计算压力场。(3)提出粘性流的多层结构模型,对绕固壁附近的流动为三层,即粘性层、过渡层和无粘层,给出了分层的准则;适用于三层的最简单和最重要的SNSE分别为边界层方程、诸层匹配(LsM)-SNSE和Euler方程;LsM-SNSE同时适用于三层、即适用于全流场,并可准确计算压力场。LsM-SNSE把两层、即内外层匹配SNSE推广为多层。(4)对平板绕流,给出附着流及分离流的新的三层结构,阐明了附着流三层向分离流三层过渡的力学特征。

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本文论述简化 Navier-Stokes 方程组(SNSE),利用十种 SNSE分析Jeffery-Hamel流动并简要分析已知完全 Navier-Stokes 方程组(CNSE)精确解的八类流动。表明:不同SNSE结果之间的实际差异能够大大超出O(Re~(-1/2))量级的理论误差范围,甚至给出不同的流动图案。因此,SNSE 的粘性项如何取舍值得重视。内外层匹配SNSE和薄层二阶SNSE的解在八类流动情况下均与CNSE的精确解完全一致;而所有其它SNSE 的解则与CNSE的精确解不完全一致,它们的解在不少情况下实际就是经典边界层理论的解。内外层匹配SNSE包含了法向轴相对流向轴剪切的剪应力项和法向轴伸缩的法应力项以及与该法应力项同量级的粘性项,且对惯性项和粘性-惯性项相互关系的处理较合理,故在力学上和数学上都比较可取。

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对不可压二维驻点流、三维驻点流和旋转圆盘附近的流动等三种流动情况,本文给出简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)及其精确解。表明:文献[1]理论的SNSE的精确解,在三种流动情况下均与完全Navier-Stokes方程组(NSE)的精确解完全一致;文献[3]SNSE的精确解的速度解与完全NSE精确解的速度解一致,但压力解在三种流动情况下均与完全NSE精确解的压力解不同。文献[3]SNSE精确解给出的压力分布相对与完全NSE精确解给出的压力分布的最大相对误差为100%。

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<正> 引言 最近十多年,简化NS方程(以下记为SNS)的研究和计算有长足进展。由于在NS方程组中对粘性项的取舍不同,因而有几种不同的简化NS方程组,究竟哪种形式更合理,是需进一步探讨的一个问题。文献[1]利用原始NS方程及三种不同的简化NS方程组,对球的超音速绕流数值试验表明,其效果是不一样的。文献[3]也指出,如果SNS方程组的形式选择不当,会带来不可忽略的误差。从二维研究不难看出,目前广泛采用的三维SNS方程即粘性激波层方程组(VSL)及抛物化NS方程组(PNS),都不是最合理的简化形式。本文提出三维NS方程组的一种最好形式,称为修正的PNS方程组(记为MPNS),并论证它的合理性及精确度。

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ADI方法常被用来计算不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。在处理涡度方程的非线性项和涡度在壁面上的条件时,通常采用滞后的方法对涡度方程和流函数方程分别求解。然而,非线性项的滞后破坏了ADI方法的完全二阶精度;涡度方程和流函数方程分别求解减弱了两个方程的耦合性;涡度壁面条件的滞后则破坏了方法的完全隐式。本文在应用ADI方法求解涡度方程和流函数方程时应用了一种交替线性化的技术,对涡度方程和流函数方程耦合求解,内点和边界点上的涡度和流函数值同时求出。因此,ADI方法保持了完全的二阶精度,避免了上面所提到的问题。作者应用这一方法计算了雷诺数R_θ等于1,10,100,500,1000时的二维方腔流动(空间步长h=1/20)。计算结果表明:这一方法保持了通常ADI方法的优点,可以应用大的时间步长。最后补充计算了雷诺数R_θ=2000的二维方腔流动。

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<正> 简化N-S方程组具有抛物-双曲方程组的特性,对定常情况可用向前推进的计算方法,要比数值求解椭圆型完全N-S方程组简单得多;求解简化N-S方程组能够同时算出无粘外部流和粘性边界层流,理论上要比先算无粘流、然后再算粘性边界层流的常规方法

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本文对二绝简化Navier-stokes方程组作了定性分忻,作者认为当流动的切向速度分量u

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A new compact finite difference-Fourier spectral hybrid method for solving the three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is developed in the present paper. The fifth-order upwind compact finite difference schemes for the nonlinear convection terms in the physical space, and the sixth-order center compact schemes for the derivatives in spectral space are described, respectively. The fourth-order compact schemes in a single nine-point cell for solving the Helmholtz equations satisfied by the velocities and pressure in spectral space is derived and its preconditioned conjugate gradient iteration method is studied. The treatment of pressure boundary conditions and the three dimensional non-reflecting outflow boundary conditions are presented. Application to the vortex dislocation evolution in a three dimensional wake is also reported.

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It is proved that the simplified Navier-Stokes (SNS) equations presented by Gao Zhi[1], Davis and Golowachof-Kuzbmin-Popof (GKP)[3] are respectively regular and singular near a separation point for a two-dimensional laminar flow over a flat plate. The order of the algebraic singularity of Davis and GKP equation[2,3] near the separation point is indicated. A comparison among the classical boundary layer (CBL) equations, Davis and GKP equations, Gao Zhi equations and the complete Navier-Stokes (NS) equations near the separation point is given.

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This study deals with the formulation, mathematical property and physical meaning of the simplified Navier-Stokes (SNS) equations. The tensorial SNS equations proposed is the simplest in form and is applicable to flow fields with arbitrary body boundaries. The zones of influence and dependence of the SNS equations, which are of primary importance to numerical solutions, are expounded for the first time from the viewpoint of subcharacteristics. Besides, a detailed analysis of the diffusion process in flow fields shows that the diffusion effect has an influence zone globally windward and an upwind propagation greatly depressed by convection. The maximum upwind influential distance of the viscous effect and the relative importance of the viscous effect in the flow direction to that in the direction normal to the flow are represented by the Reynolds number, which illustrates the conversion of the complete Navier-Stokes (NS) equations to the SNS equations for flows with large Reynolds number.