Sonification as Concurrent Augmented Feedback for Motor Skill Learning and the Importance of Mapping Design

In recent years, sonification of movement has emerged as a viable method for the provision of feedback in motor learning. Despite some experimental validation of its utility, controlled trials to test the usefulness of sonification in a motor learning context are still rare. As such, there are no accepted conventions for dealing with its implementation. This article addresses the question of how continuous movement information should be best presented as sound to be fed back to the learner. It is proposed that to establish effective approaches to using sonification in this context, consideration must be given to the processes that underlie motor learning, in particular the nature of the perceptual information available to the learner for performing the task at hand. Although sonification has much potential in movement performance enhancement, this potential is largely unrealised as of yet, in part due to the lack of a clear framework for sonification mapping: the relationship between movement and sound. By grounding mapping decisions in a firmer understanding of how perceptual information guides learning, and an embodied cognition stance in general, it is hoped that greater advances in use of sonification to enhance motor learning can be achieved.

Transposing Musical Skill: Sonification of movement as concurrent augmented feedback enhances learning in a bimanual task

Concurrent feedback provided during acquisition can enhance performance of novel tasks. The ‘guidance hypothesis’ predicts that feedback provision leads to dependence and poor performance in its absence. However, appropriately-structured feedback information provided through sound (‘sonification’) may not be subject to this effect. We test this directly using a rhythmic bimanual shape-tracing task in which participants learned to move at a 4:3 timing ratio. Sonification of movement and demonstration was compared to two other learning conditions: (1) sonification of task demonstration alone and (2) completely silent practice (control). Sonification of movement emerged as the most effective form of practice, reaching significantly lower error scores than control. Sonification of solely the demonstration, which was expected to benefit participants by perceptually unifying task requirements, did not lead to better performance than control. Good performance was maintained by participants in the sonification condition in an immediate retention test without feedback, indicating that the use of this feedback can overcome the guidance effect. On a 24-hour retention test, performance had declined and was equal between groups. We argue that this and similar findings in the feedback literature are best explained by an ecological approach to motor skill learning which places available perceptual information at the highest level of importance.

Maximi Tyrii Dissertationes ex recensione Ioannis Davisii colleg. regii cantab. praesidis.

Mode of access: Internet.

The works of the English poets /

Mode of access: Internet.

A new system of agriculture. Being a complete body of husbandry and gardening ...

Armorial book-plate of the Marquess of Ely.

C. Julii Caesaris De bellis Gallico et civili Pompejano, nec non A. Hirtii aliorumque De bellis Alexandrino, Africano, et Hispaniensi commentarii ... cum integris notis Dionysii Vossii, Joannis Davisii, et Samuelis Clarkii /

Paged continuously.

Poetical works.

Mode of access: Internet.

M. Tullii Ciceronis de finibus bonorum et malorum, libri quinque,

Includes index.

An account of the stopping of Daggenham Breach ... Containing also proper rules for performing any the like work: and proposals for rendering the ports of Dover and Dublin ... commodious for entertaining large ships. To which is prefix'd, a plan of the levels which were over-flow'd by the breach.

Bound in old sprinkled calf.

A dissent from the Church of England fully justified : and proved to be the genuine and just consequence of the allegiance which is due to Jesus Christ, the only lawgiver in the Church : being the Dissenting Gentleman's letters, &c. in answer to the Letters of the Rev. Mr. White on that subject /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Julii Caesaris quae extant omnia cum animadversionibus integris Dion. Vosii, J. Davisii aliorumque variis notis. Ut & qui vocatur Julius Celsus De vita et rebus gestis C. Julii Caesaris, ex musaeo Joannis Georgii Graevii.

"Julii Celsi Commentarii de vita Julii Caesaris" (224p.) is by Petrarch (part of his De viris illustribus) and was published anonymously in the earliest ed. of Caesar's De bello gallico (1473); in later editions (until 1827) erroneously ascribed to Julius Celsus.

De natura deorum libri tres : Accedunt Boherii, Davisii & aliorum insigniores lectiones et conjecturae.

Mode of access: Internet.

M. Tullii Ciceronis Tusculanarum disputationum libri V.,

Mode of access: Internet.

M. Tullii Ciceronis De natura deorum libri tres. : Cum notis integris Paulli Manucii, Petri Victorii, Joachimi Camerarii, Dionys. Lambini, et Fulv. Ursini. /

Title page a cancel.

De finibus bonorum & malorum libri quinque /

Mode of access: Internet.