Les Boeufs de Paix. Douglas H. Johnson et la violence Nuer (Soudan)

This article seeks to restore (anthropologically speaking) the warrior status of the Nuer during the colonial period. It challenges the negative conclusions of Douglas H. Johnson about the cultural dimension of fighting. In 1839, when the Nuer sacrificed an ox before a fleet from the North, the Egyptians thought it was an act of aggression and shot at them. But did this mistake inaugurate a series of misunderstandings on the offensive provision of this people? If that is Johnson's assertion, a return to the sources allows an alternative interpretation. The article puts in symmetry this episode and another, ninety years later, which also involved an "ox peace". The British killed this animal in 1929 during the repression of the Nuer prophetic movement. But if Johnson seeks to contradict the importance of the prophets as leaders of revolt, this article points out that their pacifism was embedded in the ideology of war.

Projeto Flora Amazônica: eight years of binational botanical expeditions

A review of the history and results of the first eight years of fieldwork of Projeto Flora Amazônica is given. This binational plant collecting program, sponsored by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the National Science Foundation, has mounted 25 expeditions to many parts of Brazilian Amazonia. Expeditions have visited both areas threatened with destruction of the forest and remote areas previously unknown botanically. The results have included the collection of 32,976 members of vascular plants, 16, 482 of cryptogams, as well as quantitative inventory of 18.67 hectares of forest with the collection of 7,294*** numbers of sterile vouncher collections. The non-inventory collections have been made in replicate sets of 10-13 where possible and divided equally between Brazilian and U.S. institutions. To date, 55 botanists from many different institutions and with many different specialities have taken part with 36 different Brazilian botanists. The resulting herbarioum material is just beginning to be worked up and many nem species have been collected as well as many interesting range extensions and extra material of many rare species.

Molecular mass distribution of materials solubilized by xylanase treatment of Douglas-Fir kraft pulp

Irgazyme, a commercial xylanase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and xylanase D a purified enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum E58 were tested for their ability to enhance peroxide bleaching of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) kraft pulp. A treatment with Irgazyme caused a much larger increase in brightness than did xylanase D. A double xylanase treatment with Irgazyme, before and after peroxide bleaching, resulted in the highest final brightness. Alkaline extraction increased the brightness of Douglas-fir brownstock. Treatment with Irgazyme released more lignin and carbohydrates than did xylanase D. The molecular mass of the lignin extracted from Irgazyme-treated brownstock was much larger than that from the control pulp. The lignin-like macromolecules directly solubilized from peroxide bleached pulps were substantially larger than those solubilized from the brownstock, irrespective of whether they were produced during xylanase or control treatments. This indicates that different kinds of materials were solubilized when a xylanase treatment was applied at different points in the bleaching sequence and raises concerns about the role of lignin entrapment in the mechanism by which xylanase enhances peroxide bleaching.

Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

v.1

Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

v.2

Ativação elétrica ventricular na ressincronização cardíaca caracterizada pelo mapeamento eletrocardiográfico de superfície

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ativação elétrica cardíaca usando Mapeamento Eletrocardiográfico de Superfície (MES), em pacientes com ICC e bloqueio de ramo esquerdo [BRE] submetidos a terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (CRT) com implante de marca-passo átrio-biventricular (MP-BIV). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os tempos médios de ativação elétrica cardíaca no ventrículo direito (tempo médio de ativação do VD [mVD]), área ântero-septal (mAS), e ventrículo esquerdo (mVE), de 28 pacientes (idade média 61,2±9,5 anos, ICC classe III-IV NYHA, fração de ejeção <40%, BRE com QRS médio 181,2±19,4ms, SÂQRS= -8,5º±68,6º), mostrados nos mapas de linhas isócronas do MES, antes e após implante de marca-passo átrio-biventricular, e comparados a valores obtidos em um grupo controle composto de indivíduos normais [GNL], em três situações: (1) BRE nativo, (2) estimulação do VD; e (3) estimulação átrio-biventricular. RESULTADOS: situação (1): mVD e mAS foram semelhantes (41,0±11,8ms x 43,6±13,4ms), com mVE tardio (81,0±12,5ms, p<0,01) perdendo o sincronismo com o VD e a área ântero-septal; situação (2): mVD foi maior que no GNL (86,8±22,9ms, p<0,001), com maior diferença entre mAS e mVE (63,4±20,7ms x 102,7±20,3ms; p<0,001); situação (3): mVE e mVD foram semelhantes (72,0±32,0ms x 71,6±32,3ms), mVD foi maior que no GNL e BRE nativo (71,6±32,3ms x 35,1±10,9ms e 41,0±11,8ms; p<0,001), mAS se aproximou do GNL e BRE nativo (51,3±32,8ms x 50,1±11,4ms e 43,6±13,4ms). CONCLUSÃO: Pelo mapeamento eletrocardiográfico de superfície, tempos de ativação semelhantes no VD e VE e próximos daqueles da região ântero-septal indicam padrões de ativação ventricular sincronizada em portadores de ICC e BRE durante estimulação átrio-biventricular.

A comparative analysis of Cobb-Douglas model with additive and multiplicative error

This paper dis cusses the fitting of a Cobb-Doug las response curve Yi = αXβi, with additive error, Yi = αXβi + e i, instead of the usual multiplicative error Yi = αXβi (1 + e i). The estimation of the parameters A and B is discussed. An example is given with use of both types of error.

Mammals and birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru / Bruce D. Patterson, Douglas F. Stotz, Sergio Solari.

n.s. no.110(2006)

A new species of mole (genus Talpa) from Kurdistan Province, Western Iran [by] Douglas M. Lay.

v.44:no.24(1965)

A study of the mammals of Iran: resulting from the Street Expedition of 1962-63 [by] Douglas M. Lay.

v.54(1967)

New genera and subgenera of augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) / by Michael S. Engel, Robert W. Brooks, and Douglas Yanega.

no.5

Gerogescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz and the convergence to the Cobb-Douglas

The value of the elasticity of substitution of capital for resources is a crucial element in the debate over whether continual growth is possible. It is generally held that the elasticity has to be at least one to permit continual growth and that there is no way of estimating this outside the range of the data. This paper presents a model in which the elasticity is determined endogenously and may converge to one. It is concluded that the general opinion is wrong: that the possibility of continual growth does not depend on the exogenously given value of the elasticity and that the value of the elasticity outside the range of the data can be studied by econometric methods.

On Cobb-Douglas Preferences in Bilateral Oligopoly

Bilateral oligopoly is a simple model of exchange in which a finite set of sellers seek to exchange the goods they are endowed with for money with a finite set of buyers, and no price-taking assumptions are imposed. If trade takes place via a strategic market game bilateral oligopoly can be thought of as two linked proportional-sharing contests: in one the sellers share the aggregate bid from the buyers in proportion to their supply and in the other the buyers share the aggregate supply in proportion to their bids. The analysis can be separated into two ‘partial games’. First, fix the aggregate bid at B; in the first partial game the sellers contest this fixed prize in proportion to their supply and the aggregate supply in the equilibrium of this game is X˜ (B). Next, fix the aggregate supply at X; in the second partial game the buyers contest this fixed prize in proportion to their bids and the aggregate bid in the equilibrium of this game is ˜B (X). The analysis of these two partial games takes into account competition within each side of the market. Equilibrium in bilateral oligopoly must take into account competition between sellers and buyers and requires, for example, ˜B (X˜ (B)) = B. When all traders have Cobb-Douglas preferences ˜ X(B) does not depend on B and ˜B (X) does not depend on X: whilst there is competition within each side of the market there is no strategic interdependence between the sides of the market. The Cobb-Douglas assumption provides a tractable framework in which to explore the features of fully strategic trade but it misses perhaps the most interesting feature of bilateral oligopoly, the implications of which are investigated.