Application of Design of experiments on the simulation of a process in an automotive industry

The objective of this article is to apply the Design of experiments technique along with the Discrete Events Simulation technique in an automotive process. The benefits of the design of experiments in simulation include the possibility to improve the performance in the simulation process, avoiding trial and error to seek solutions. The methodology of the conjoint use of Design of Experiments and Computer Simulation is presented to assess the effects of the variables and its interactions involved in the process. In this paper, the efficacy of the use of process mapping and design of experiments on the phases of conception and analysis are confirmed. © 2007 IEEE.

A Framework for the Automation of Discrete-Event Simulation Experiments

Simulation is an important resource for researchers in diverse fields. However, many researchers have found flaws in the methodology of published simulation studies and have described the state of the simulation community as being in a crisis of credibility. This work describes the project of the Simulation Automation Framework for Experiments (SAFE), which addresses the issues that undermine credibility by automating the workflow in the execution of simulation studies. Automation reduces the number of opportunities for users to introduce error in the scientific process thereby improvingthe credibility of the final results. Automation also eases the job of simulation users and allows them to focus on the design of models and the analysis of results rather than on the complexities of the workflow.

Modelling a biomass supply chain through discrete-event simulation

The organizational structure of the companies in the biomass energy sector, regarding the supply chain management services, can be greatly improved through the use of software decision support tools. These tools should be able to provide real-time alternative scenarios when deviations from the initial production plans are observed. To make this possible it is necessary to have representative production chain process models where several scenarios and solutions can be evaluated accurately. Due to its nature, this type of process is more adequately represented by means of event-based models. In particular, this work presents the modelling of a typical biomass production chain using the computing platform SIMEVENTS. Throughout the article details about the conceptual model, as well as simulation results, are provided

Forest-based supply chain modelling using the SimPy simulation framework

Proper management of supply chains is fundamental in the overall system performance of forestbased activities. Usually, efficient management techniques rely on a decision support software, which needs to be able to generate fast and effective outputs from the set of possibilities. In order to do this, it is necessary to provide accurate models representative of the dynamic interactions of systems. Due to forest-based supply chains’ nature, event-based models are more suited to describe their behaviours. This work proposes the modelling and simulation of a forestbased supply chain, in particular the biomass supply chain, through the SimPy framework. This Python based tool allows the modelling of discrete-event systems using operations such as events, processes and resources. The developed model was used to access the impact of changes in the daily working plan in three situations. First, as a control case, the deterministic behaviour was simulated. As a second approach, a machine delay was introduced and its implications in the plan accomplishment were analysed. Finally, to better address real operating conditions, stochastic behaviours of processing and driving times were simulated. The obtained results validate the SimPy simulation environment as a framework for modelling supply chains in general and for the biomass problem in particular.

Using system dynamics in a discrete-event simulation study of a manufacturing plant

Purpose - To provide an example of the use of system dynamics within the context of a discrete-event simulation study. Design/methodology/approach - A discrete-event simulation study of a production-planning facility in a gas cylinder-manufacturing plant is presented. The case study evidence incorporates questionnaire responses from sales managers involved in the order-scheduling process. Findings - As the project progressed it became clear that, although the discrete-event simulation would meet the objectives of the study in a technical sense, the organizational problem of "delivery performance" would not be solved by the discrete-event simulation study alone. The case shows how the qualitative outcomes of the discrete-event simulation study led to an analysis using the system dynamics technique. The system dynamics technique was able to model the decision-makers in the sales and production process and provide a deeper understanding of the performance of the system. Research limitations/implications - The case study describes a traditional discrete-event simulation study which incorporated an unplanned investigation using system dynamics. Further, case studies using a planned approach to showing consideration of organizational issues in discrete-event simulation studies are required. Then the role of both qualitative data in a discrete-event simulation study and the use of supplementary tools which incorporate organizational aspects may help generate a methodology for discrete-event simulation that incorporates human aspects and so improve its relevance for decision making. Practical implications - It is argued that system dynamics can provide a useful addition to the toolkit of the discrete-event simulation practitioner in helping them incorporate a human aspect in their analysis. Originality/value - Helps decision makers gain a broader perspective on the tools available to them by showing the use of system dynamics to supplement the use of discrete-event simulation. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Modelling manufacturing planning and control systems:the application of object-oriented principles and discrete-event simulation

Manufacturing planning and control systems are fundamental to the successful operations of a manufacturing organisation. 10 order to improve their business performance, significant investment is made by companies into planning and control systems; however, not all companies realise the benefits sought Many companies continue to suffer from high levels of inventory, shortages, obsolete parts, poor resource utilisation and poor delivery performance. This thesis argues that the fit between the planning and control system and the manufacturing organisation is a crucial element of success. The design of appropriate control systems is, therefore, important. The different approaches to the design of manufacturing planning and control systems are investigated. It is concluded that there is no provision within these design methodologies to properly assess the impact of a proposed design on the manufacturing facility. Consequently, an understanding of how a new (or modified) planning and control system will perform in the context of the complete manufacturing system is unlikely to be gained until after the system has been implemented and is running. There are many modelling techniques available, however discrete-event simulation is unique in its ability to model the complex dynamics inherent in manufacturing systems, of which the planning and control system is an integral component. The existing application of simulation to manufacturing control system issues is limited: although operational issues are addressed, application to the more fundamental design of control systems is rarely, if at all, considered. The lack of a suitable simulation-based modelling tool does not help matters. The requirements of a simulation tool capable of modelling a host of different planning and control systems is presented. It is argued that only through the application of object-oriented principles can these extensive requirements be achieved. This thesis reports on the development of an extensible class library called WBS/Control, which is based on object-oriented principles and discrete-event simulation. The functionality, both current and future, offered by WBS/Control means that different planning and control systems can be modelled: not only the more standard implementations but also hybrid systems and new designs. The flexibility implicit in the development of WBS/Control supports its application to design and operational issues. WBS/Control wholly integrates with an existing manufacturing simulator to provide a more complete modelling environment.

Implementing an agent-based model with a spatial visual display in discrete-event simulation software

There has been an increasing interest in the use of agent-based simulation and some discussion of the relative merits of this approach as compared to discrete-event simulation. There are differing views on whether an agent-based simulation offers capabilities that discrete-event cannot provide or whether all agent-based applications can at least in theory be undertaken using a discrete-event approach. This paper presents a simple agent-based NetLogo model and corresponding discrete-event versions implemented in the widely used ARENA software. The two versions of the discrete-event model presented use a traditional process flow approach normally adopted in discrete-event simulation software and also an agent-based approach to the model build. In addition a real-time spatial visual display facility is provided using a spreadsheet platform controlled by VBA code embedded within the ARENA model. Initial findings from this investigation are that discrete-event simulation can indeed be used to implement agent-based models and with suitable integration elements such as VBA provide the spatial displays associated with agent-based software.

Using discrete event simulation to investigate road delivery policies to UK retailers

Retail customers provide a number of significant challenges to the efficiency and effectiveness of distribution systems. These challengers include shorter delivery windows, fluctuating volumes and a wider product mix. This paper demonstrates the use of discrete-event simulation to investigate policy issues regarding the incorporation of retail customers in a road delivery network from the spoke terminal of a hub and spoke distribution system. In particular a comparison of a mixed (retail and non-retail) delivery policy with a dedicated retail delivery run is made.

Methods of modelling people using discrete-event simulation

Discrete-event simulation (DES) is a developed technology used to model manufacturing and service systems. However, although the importance of modelling people in a DES has been recognised, there is little guidance on how this can be achieved in practice. The results from a literature review were used in order to identify examples of the use of DES to model people. Each article was examined in order to determine the method used to model people within the simulation study. It was found that there are no common methods but a diverse range of approaches used to model human behaviour in DES. This paper provides an outline of the approaches used to model people in terms of their decision making, availability for work, task performance and arrival rate. The outcome brings together the current knowledge in this area and will be of interest to researchers considering developing a methodology for modelling people in DES and to practitioners engaged with a simulation project involving the model ling of people’s behaviour.

Discrete-event Simulation and Optimization to Improve the Performance of a Healthcare System

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Investigating output accuracy for a discrete event simulation model and an agent based simulation model

In this paper, we investigate output accuracy for a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model and Agent Based Simulation (ABS) model. The purpose of this investigation is to find out which of these simulation techniques is the best one for modelling human reactive behaviour in the retail sector. In order to study the output accuracy in both models, we have carried out a validation experiment in which we compared the results from our simulation models to the performance of a real system. Our experiment was carried out using a large UK department store as a case study. We had to determine an efficient implementation of management policy in the store’s fitting room using DES and ABS. Overall, we have found that both simulation models were a good representation of the real system when modelling human reactive behaviour.

Évaluation pharmacoéconomique d'un test de prédisposition génétique aux effets secondaires musculaires reliés aux statines

Introduction : Les statines ont prouvé leur efficacité dans le traitement des dyslipidémies. Cependant, ces molécules sont associées à des effets secondaires d’ordre musculaire. Puisque ces effets peuvent avoir des conséquences graves sur la vie des patients en plus d’être possiblement à l’origine de la non-observance d’une proportion importante des patients recevant une statine, un outil pharmacogénomique qui permettrait d’identifier a priori les patients susceptibles de développer des effets secondaires musculaires induits par une statine (ESMIS) serait très utile. L’objectif de la présente étude était donc de déterminer la valeur monétaire d’un tel type d’outil étant donné que cet aspect représenterait une composante importante pour sa commercialisation et son implantation dans la pratique médicale courante. Méthode : Une première simulation fut effectuée à l’aide de la méthode de Markov, mais celle-ci ne permettait pas de tenir compte de tous les éléments désirés. C’est pourquoi la méthode de simulation d'évènements discrets fut utilisée pour étudier une population de 100 000 patients hypothétiques nouvellement initiés sur une statine. Cette population virtuelle a été dupliquée pour obtenir deux cohortes de patients identiques. Une cohorte recevait le test et un traitement approprié alors que l'autre cohorte recevait le traitement standard actuel—i.e., une statine. Le modèle de simulation a permis de faire évoluer les deux cohortes sur une période de 15 ans en tenant compte du risque de maladies cardio-vasculaires (MCV) fatal ou non-fatal, d'ESMIS et de mortalité provenant d’une autre cause que d’une MCV. Les conséquences encourues (MCV, ESMIS, mortalité) par ces deux populations et les coûts associés furent ensuite comparés. Finalement, l’expérience fut répétée à 25 reprises pour évaluer la stabilité des résultats et diverses analyses de sensibilité ont été effectuées. Résultats : La différence moyenne des coûts en traitement des MCV et des ESMIS, en perte de capital humain et en médicament était de 28,89 $ entre les deux cohortes pour la durée totale de l’expérimentation (15 ans). Les coûts étant plus élevés chez celle qui n’était pas soumise au test. Toutefois, l’écart-type à la moyenne était considérable (416,22 $) remettant en question la validité de l’estimation monétaire du test pharmacogénomique. De plus, cette valeur était fortement influencée par la proportion de patients prédisposés aux ESMIS, par l’efficacité et le coût des agents hypolipidémiants alternatifs ainsi que par les coûts des traitements des ESMIS et de la valeur attribuée à un mois de vie supplémentaire. Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent qu’un test de prédisposition génétique aux ESMIS aurait une valeur d’environ 30 $ chez des patients s’apprêtant à commencer un traitement à base de statine. Toutefois, l’incertitude entourant la valeur obtenue est très importante et plusieurs variables dont les données réelles ne sont pas disponibles dans la littérature ont une influence importante sur la valeur. La valeur réelle de cet outil génétique ne pourra donc être déterminée seulement lorsque le modèle sera mis à jour avec des données plus précises sur la prévalence des ESMIS et leur impact sur l’observance au traitement puis analysé avec un plus grand nombre de patients.