948 resultados para Dialética da marginalidade e trajetória social


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A elevada competição e conturbação do Mundo Actual em relação a tudo (status social, nível intelectual, escolar, profissional, consumismo, fanatismo e corrupção política, desportiva, religiosa,tráfego de drogas, abuso de menores, maus tratos e mais... muito mais...), assume uma proporção tal que muitas vezes nem nos apercebemos da sua gravidade. Esta competição incide essencialmente nos grupos etários mais vulneráveis, particularmente os adolescentes. Vários problemas podem surgir nesta etapa da vida, tais como a marginalidade, a exclusão social, a toxicodepêndencia e outros, para os quais diversos autores consideram a ansiedade, quer como factor desencadeante, quer como consequência. A autora desenvolveu um estudo transversal, de tipo metodológico, correlacional e inferencial que pretende não só avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de ansiedade, o Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (EMAS), bem como avaliar o nível de ansiedade duma amostra representativa de jovens (n=2310), de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, que frequentam escolas básicas e secundárias (rurais, urbanas e suburbanas) da Região Autónoma da Madeira. Por conseguinte, procedeu à tradução, adaptação e validação do EMAS na versão portuguesa, visando o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de medida da ansiedade válido e fidedigno, que permita ser utilizado por profissionais de saúde e docentes por forma a contribuir, não só para a prevenção do fenómeno ansiedade, mas também que proporcione a difusão dos seus dados à comunidade, em especial a científica. Os resultados da avaliação das características psicométricas mostram valores elevados nos diferentes coeficientes e correlações encontrados, quer nos estudos de fidedignidade, quer nos estudos de validade.A versão portuguesa do EMAS é um teste de auto-avaliação promissor (válido e fidedigno) para avaliar a ansiedade em adolescentes, sendo um instrumento que poderá ser utilizado em diferentes contextos (clínicos e pedagógicos) por profissionais que se dediquem ao estudo ou à mensuração daquele conceito.No que concerne ao grupo etário existem diferenças significativas entre todas as sub-escalas da Ansiedade Estado sendo os valores médios de ansiedade mais elevados na etapa da adolescência propriamente dita (grupo etário dos 15 aos 18 anos de idade). Em contrapartida, na Ansiedade Traço os valores mais elevados de ansiedade, constatou-se no sexo masculino e apenas nas situações de avaliação social e de perigo físico e na ansiedade de percepção não se verificaram diferenças significativas. Quanto ao sexo existem diferenças significativas na ansiedade estado global e na sua componente cognitiva, encontrando-se os valores de ansiedade mais elevados no sexo feminino, o que vem confirmar diversas teorias que defendem que este género psicologicamente estrutura-se mais precocemente. Em contrapartida essas diferenças somente se verificaram nas situações de avaliação social e de perigo físico da Ansiedade Traço e a média de ansiedade mais elevada é no sexo masculino, o que vem reforçar o defendido por diversos autores de que os rapazes só mais tardiamente estruturam a sua personalidade . Na ansiedade de percepção, só existem diferenças significativas no item referente ao perigo físico, sendo a média de ansiedade mais elevada nos rapazes, o que revela, o já descrito, que estes adolescentes arriscam mais o perigo do que as raparigas. Mediante a utilização da Análise de Correspondências encontrou-se o paradigma da família “Tipo” Madeirense.

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The study object of this thesis intertwines the history of deaf education in the last 30 years in three schools for the deaf in the cities of Campina Grande, Gado Bravo and Aroeiras, Paraiba, the life stories of six deaf teachers of brasilian sign language (Libras) that have formed and works in these educational institutions for the deaf and our own journey, as a teacher and researcher. The study was conducted on the theoretical-methodological principles of (auto)biographical research in education and socio-historical studies on the social formation of the human. The corpus used for analysis was consisted of six narrative interviews conducted in sign language and transcribed into portuguese, documents and personal files and institutional. The analysis allowed us to define three hinge moments of this story: the creation of the first school for the deaf, within the framework of oralism (1980 - 1991), the passage into the Total Communication (1991 - 1995) and, finally, the introduction of Bilingualism (1995 to today). The analyzes show that the trajectories of teacher formation of the research participants reflect the history of the three schools which have costituted bilingual social spaces of paramount importance to the subjects and the deaf community as a group of linguistic and cultural minority. The evolution of this trajectory has allowed to demarcate between the two generations of research participants. The generation of heirs of oralism, which had delayed access to the Libras and lived an education referenced in oralism, whose reminiscences of childhood and adolescence are strongly marked by suffering for the lack of communication, which hinders their social and professional career until today. And the generation of the sons of bilingualism, the youngest in age, who had childhood access to Libras and education within the framework of bilingualism, whose reminiscences are not marked by suffering and have a positive vision of the future. With respect to your teacher formation, three figures stand out as a teacher. The teacher's improvised, closer to the first generation of teachers who were called to teach without proper training. The figure of the teacher craftsman, which corresponds to the image that most of them have of yourself now, understanding that their knowledge are based on the exchange between peers. And finally the figure of the real teacher, which stands on the horizon of expectations as future graduates in Letters |Libras. The narratives allowed to realize that the evolution between these figures is based on the contributions of the other: hearing teachers of EDAC and the Federal University of Campina Grande and deaf teachers of the two generations who learn from each other. The analyzes and reflections allowed to defend the thesis of the centrality of bilingual environments for the establishment of the deaf person as a citizen with full rights, based on the voice of the deaf, muted by the history of education, conducted by listeners

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Este trabalho coloca em pauta os problemas de sociabilidade e convivência existentes dentro da escola em busca de algumas respostas e de uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre os motivos pelos quais alguns alunos não se sentem acolhidos na instituição, o que os afasta da convivência social e reflete negativamente em sua aprendizagem, em sua trajetória social e em seu futuro desenvolvimento profissional. Partimos da hipótese de que o envolvimento de alunos em atividades culturais tais como cinema, música, literatura, teatro, visita a museus, etc., seja participando como ouvintes ou em oficinas, pode, através de suas várias formas, resgatar um convívio produtivo entre alunos e a instituição fazendo-os querer estar na escola, propiciando oportunidades de desenvolvimento a partir da aquisição de bens culturais, complementando a formação intelectual formal. O trabalho visa acompanhar uma turma do 6° ano de uma escola estadual de Rio Claro, participante do Projeto de Extensão Educação, Cultura e Inclusão Social e verificar os efeitos do acesso aos bens culturais no desempenho escolar, nas relações com seus pares, com seus professores e com a instituição. A pesquisa fundamentar-se-á teoricamente na Sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu e nos escritos de Juarez Dyrell sobre escola e cultura. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e observação participante

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a situação de exclusão social gerada pela nova ordem político-econômica global, para com as pessoas portadoras de deficiência e, em especial, na Colômbia. A presente análise, mais do que ratificar um estado de exclusão definido pelo estigma social, pretende reinscrever a trajetória desse grupo na dinâmica mais ampla que configura a nova questão social. Busca-se, então, entender o modo pelo qual os circuitos e mecanismos criados pelo Estado liberal, em nome da eficiência econômica, acabaram recriando novas formas de desigualdade e riscos de exclusão que afetam os membros desse grupo. Especial destaque é dado aos debates e controvérsias levantados em torno da dialética exclusão/integração em sua relação com os critérios médicos de avaliação funcional, a natureza do Estado e as políticas públicas. Na especificidade do Estado colombiano, é analisada a ambição e os limites do programa governamental Política de Prevenção e Atenção as Pessoas Portadoras de Deficiência.

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Access is a problem of higher education in Brazil that has existed since the formalization of this has occurred since the installation of the Portuguese court in Brazil in 1808. Only 10% of young people between 18 and 24 years of age attending this level of education in 2000, arriving in 2010 just 15%, far from that determined the National Education Plan in 2001, triple that percentage by the year 2010. In addition, a majority of seats of public HEIs is populated by students from the private network, especially in high-demand courses. In this context, this study aims to identify the costs related to the trajectories of students who were successful in the vestibular UFRN editions from 2006 to 2010. Presents an overview of higher education in Brazil, a brief history of vestibular, as well as new forms of access, and some of the policies to expand such access, highlighting the argument Inclusion UFRN. Focusing on the theme of the paper presents the concepts of opportunity costs and social. After collecting data through a questionnaire and consultation of databases COMPERVE was developed to search for a descriptive and analytical, with the participation of 3,995 students, of whom 1642 (41.1%) had completed secondary education in schools public, and 2,078 (52%) in private schools. The profile indicates that 90% are single, about 50% are 21 years of age, are white and female. In the course of preparation for college entrance exams, 80% chose the course during or after completion of the last year of high school, and almost 70% said they had started preparing at that time. Findings related to the costs involved with this preparation indicate that, in most cases there were school fees and disbursements and workshops, and the purchase of books and other materials, with parents primarily responsible for this cost, the amount disbursed each month was up $ 300 for 64% of respondents and only 7% of them exceeded $ 1,000, the major non-financial costs were characterized by the following resignations: job opportunities (24%) or temporary work (20%) courses of languages (26%), leisure activities (48%), leisure travel (43%), and parties and / or shows (54%). Of social investments by the government, stand out in the tax waiver scholarships for study in private institutions, grant exemption from the registration fee of vestibular, the preparatory courses UFRN, and seminars by COMPERVE / UFRN with networks of high school. From the junction of the opportunity costs (private costs) and social costs (public costs), a new concept: the social opportunity cost, which measures the combined efforts of families and government to finance the opportunity to access higher education of an individual. This concept can and should be incorporated as a strategic vector for the sake of democratic university, which reflects the social model that is sought

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Can be declared that throughout the historical trajectory of the Brazilian Social Work, the men in the Social Work profession, women in the Social Work profession in his/her professional activity, present an educational dimension that runs through various social and occupational spaces, particularly in the area of Social Assistance Policy. Based on this premise, this present Dissertation, problematize the educational dimension present on the interventional process, in Social Work on the ambit of the Social Assistance Policy in Natal / RN city Brazil in the contemporary scene. Having thus, specific objectives that orientate the research of the interventional process of Social Work in the social assistance policy, analyzing of the apprehension of Social Work professionals on the educational dimension, in their daily work professional and the verification of the relationship between the educational dimension, to the professional action of both men in the Social Work profession and women in the Social Work profession and the concretization of social rights on the ambit of the social assistance policy. In this sense, the theoretical and methodological procedures used for this research, are substantiated on a critical-dialectical perspective and a qualitative and quantitative approach, from of the application of field research, of the non-participant observation, of the semi-structure, of the review of literature bibliographic and documental. Thus, considering that both women in the social work profession and men in the social work profession are an organic intellectuals who in their daily professional work promotes an intellectual and moral reform of their users, the results of this research, synthesize and show that the educational dimension in both professional work and social assistance, which have partner-historics, whose imbrication allows, contradictorily, by a side, a reaffirmation of the dominant culture, and by other side, a direction linked to the construction of an emancipatory culture in the pursuit of the materializing of social rights and a new sociability

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

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Em sua vasta trajetória intelectual – que atravessa os múltiplos campos teóricos das ciências humanas – Michael Löwy destacou-se pela capacidade de estabelecer um diálogo profícuo entre tradições diversas do pensamento social. Partindo desta constatação, o objetivo deste artigo é a apresentação e sistematização de alguns aspectos decisivos da trajetória teórica e intelectual de Michael Löwy, com ênfase especial: 1) na importância da sua formação intelectual, ainda no Brasil (no final da década de 1950), para a constituição de uma leitura não-dogmática do marxismo; e 2) sua incorporação da dialética no diagnóstico weberiano da modernidade. O artigo argumenta que essa interpretação “aberta” do marxismo permitiu-lhe reinterpretar autores do passado — como Marx e Weber — a partir das condições de possibilidade do cenário histórico e intelectual contemporâneo. Esta disposição para enfrentar os desafios do presente sem abandonar as perspectivas do passado comprova a importância da obra de Löwy para as ciências sociais e, mais especificamente, para o marxismo contemporâneo.

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This study is the result of theoretical reflections and analyses about the role of public relations professional in existing management of cultural diversity in organizations, arising from globalisation and glocalisation. This way, we analyze new perspectives for organizational communication, considering the cultural aspects of different audiences in an organization. Thus, the goal of this work is to show another look for this activity, in which prime respect and integration amid interculturality and enable new paths for public relations, acting as ' cultural Integrator ' in this scenario. For understanding these new interfaces, the study takes as its starting point an overview of roots that gave rise to this context, starting from the analysis of various aspects of globalisation and your reflexes and impacts on organizations, plus a contextualization of the organizational communication trajectory. Then the global and local culture is discussed, as well as the glocalisation and repercussions in organizations, which gave rise to a scenary of cultural diversity and possible conflicts of that context. From the particular analysis of work, are given the implications of this encounter of multiple cultures in organizations, in addition to being presented theories of intercultural communication in trying to manage and provide the dialogue and understanding between different cultures. Finally, this study deals with the possibilities of public relations practice in interculturality, showing paths to the mediation of various interests between organizations and their audiences in the sphere of glocalization, showing the activity of International/Global public relations. It also presents the possible involvement of public relations in the management of a communication on cultural diversity scenary, showing perspectives for this activity on the theory of excellence, in order to seek understanding and understanding even in the midst of diversity

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Trabalho apresentado no 3º Forum Senado Debate Brasil: Políticas para a Primeira Infância - Quebrando a Cadeia da Violência, organizado pela Secretária de Coordenação Técnica e Relações Institucionais da Presidência do Senado Federal, em novembro de 2007.

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The epidemic caused by HIV presents a global, dynamic and unstable phenomenon, which depends on the individual and collective human behavior. Efforts to deconstruct the stigmatized image caused by infection of AIDS are still often associated with adoption of socially unacceptable behavior to be a circumscribed the susceptibilities of vulnerable individuals and communities to infection, illness and death by HIV. This study aimed to: narrate the trajectory of life of people with AIDS more vulnerable enrolled in the Municipal Social Assistance Parnamirim / RN. It is a study of qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach, taking oral history of life as technical and methodological framework. The colony consisted of 186 people with AIDS. The network was comprised of 13 employees of both sexes, aged between 19 and 62 years old with positive diagnosis and agreed to voluntarily participate. After approval by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CEP / UFRN), in the opinion No. 719,926 CAAE: 30408114.5.0000.5537 on 6 June 2014 data were collected from August to September 2014. The employees signed the Informed Consent and Informed and letter of assignment. Held transcribing the interviews and later returned to respondents to retest, ie so that they confer what allowed us to carry out transcreation after consecutive readings. The reports were analyzed through Bardin content analysis. Guiding the analysis of the accounts of employees, we find three themes: Prejudice and discrimination in living with AIDS; Reacting to the diagnosis and the accession process to antiretroviral treatment; and religious coping in people with AIDS. It can be concluded in this study, that employees have shown great emotional impact after positive diagnosis for HIV / AIDS, especially with regard to social life, the family ties, work and above all to the prejudice of society. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs was seen as a motivation to regain dreams and plans for a future once uncertain, and even if it is not a cure therapy, provided the employees improved quality of life.