Genetic psychology monographs.

Developmental and clinical psychology (varies)

Psychology and Social Work: Applied Perspectives

Successful social work practice is underpinned by knowledge, theories and research findings from a range of related disciplines, key amongst which is psychology. This timely book offers a grounded and engaging guide to psychology s vital role at the heart of contemporary social work practice. The book skilfully addresses some of the central theoretical developments in psychology from an applied perspective, and explains how these make essential contributions to the methods and theory base of social work in ways that foster critical evaluation and promote best practice. Written by two authors with extensive backgrounds in psychology and social work respectively as well as a deep understanding of the intersections of the two this book delivers a unique synthesis of perspectives and approaches, focusing on their application to the lives of individuals and families. Each chapter contains reflective points and case studies based on contemporary practice realities which are related to the Professional Capabilities Framework for Social Workers and also to the Health and Care Professions Council s Standards of Proficiency. Times have never been more challenging for social work and this book will be an invaluable source of professional support within the ever-more complex psychological worlds where social work takes place. Table of Contents 1. Introduction: The place of psychological knowledge and research in social work training and practice 2. Signposts from Developmental Psychology on Human Development over the Life Course 3. Perspectives from Clinical and Counselling Psychology on Mental Health and Illness 4. Perspectives from Social and Community Psychology: Understanding values, attitudes, diversity and community change 5. Health Psychology: Understanding health, illness, stress and addiction 6. Organizational Psychology: Understanding the individual and the organization in the social work structure 7. Forensic Psychology: Understanding criminal behaviour and working with victims of crime 8. Conclusion References Index

Unresolved states of mind with respect to attachment : developmental significance, subtypes, and relations to disrupted caregiving

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Developmental Brain Dysfunction: Revival and Expansion of Old Concepts Based on New Genetic Evidence

Neurodevelopmental disorders can be caused by many different genetic abnormalities that are individually rare but collectively common. Specific genetic causes, including certain copy number variants and single-gene mutations, are shared among disorders that are thought to be clinically distinct. This evidence of variability in the clinical manifestations of individual genetic variants and sharing of genetic causes among clinically distinct brain disorders is consistent with the concept of developmental brain dysfunction, a term we use to describe the abnormal brain function underlying a group of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders and to encompass a subset of various clinical diagnoses. Although many pathogenic genetic variants are currently thought to be variably penetrant, we hypothesise that when disorders encompassed by developmental brain dysfunction are considered as a group, the penetrance will approach 100%. The penetrance is also predicted to approach 100% when the phenotype being considered is a specific trait, such as intelligence or autistic-like social impairment, and the trait could be assessed using a continuous, quantitative measure to compare probands with non-carrier family members rather than a qualitative, dichotomous trait and comparing probands with the healthy population. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Archives of psychology [microform]

Microopaque.

Psychology in practice: Guidelines for the provision of psychological services for older adults

The practice of psychology covers the range of ages from conception through to the end of life and palliative care. Psychologists practice in a variety of roles, but the majority of these roles involve interactions with nonprofessionals of varying ages. These interactions are governed by codes of ethical practice, whether these are developed by the funding bodies for research activities, professional associations, or regulatory bodies. Ethical codes vary in their format and emphasis, but all have the protection of the public as a major purpose. Often there are special provisions in these codes for particular populations or circumstances. Here we describe the development of ethical guidelines for the practice of psychology with older adults in Australia and report on those guidelines and their supporting literature.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer psychology:an introduction

This exciting and engaging textbook introduces students to the psychology of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer lives and experiences. It covers a broad range of topics including diversity, prejudice, health, relationships, parenting and lifespan experiences from youth to old age. The book includes ‘key researcher’ boxes, which outline the contributions of significant individuals and their motivations for conducting their research in their own words. Key issues and debates are discussed throughout the book, and questions for discussion and classroom exercises help students reflect critically and apply their learning. There are extensive links to further resources and information, as well as ‘gaps and absences’ sections, indicating major limitations of research in a particular area. This is the essential textbook for anyone studying LGBTQ Psychology, Psychology of Sexuality or related courses. It is also a useful supplement to courses on Gender and Developmental Psychology.

Deletion of 8p: a report of a child with normal intelligence

The case is presented of a female infant with a distal deletion of 8p (8p23.1 --> pter) whose development was monitored over a 5-year period from 12 months of age. Although previous literature has suggested that 8p deletion is associated with mild to moderate intellectual disability, the child reported here has normal intelligence. Despite initial delays in gross motor and language skills, cognitive development (assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development) and intellectual ability (measured on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale) were within average range. It is argued that the small number of previous case reports may have created a misleading impression of intellectual development in individuals with distal deletions of 8p.

Assessing an Adolescent's Capacity for Autonomous Decision-Making in Clinical Care.

The purpose of this article is to provide policy guidance on how to assess the capacity of minor adolescents for autonomous decision-making without a third party authorization, in the field of clinical care. In June 2014, a two-day meeting gathered 20 professionals from all continents, working in the field of adolescent medicine, neurosciences, developmental and clinical psychology, sociology, ethics, and law. Formal presentations and discussions were based on a literature search and the participants' experience. The assessment of adolescent decision-making capacity includes the following: (1) a review of the legal context consistent with the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; (2) an empathetic relationship between the adolescent and the health care professional/team; (3) the respect of the adolescent's developmental stage and capacities; (4) the inclusion, if relevant, of relatives, peers, teachers, or social and mental health providers with the adolescent's consent; (5) the control of coercion and other social forces that influence decision-making; and (6) a deliberative stepwise appraisal of the adolescent's decision-making process. This stepwise approach, already used among adults with psychiatric disorders, includes understanding the different facets of the given situation, reasoning on the involved issues, appreciating the outcomes linked with the decision(s), and expressing a choice. Contextual and psychosocial factors play pivotal roles in the assessment of adolescents' decision-making capacity. The evaluation must be guided by a well-established procedure, and health professionals should be trained accordingly. These proposals are the first to have been developed by a multicultural, multidisciplinary expert panel.

La importancia de las emociones en los períodos sensibles del desarrollo = The importance of emotions in sensitive developmental periods

Investigaciones recientes sugieren que en la adolescencia tienen lugar importantes cambios en la estructura,bioquímica y fisiología del cerebro que podrían explicar la dificultad que experimentan los adolescentes en elcontrol de sus emociones así como también otros rasgos de su comportamiento inestable. En este artículo presentamosalgunas investigaciones que establecen, asimismo, una correlación entre las reorganizaciones cerebrales quetienen lugar en el primer año de vida con signos de irritabilidad y desazón emocional que muestra el bebédurante este periodo. En ambos casos la dificultad de controlar los impulsos emocionales es susceptible de afectarla relación de los padres con el niño o joven. Discutimos la posible relevancia de esta coincidencia dentro de unaperspectiva evolucionista así como la posible vulnerabilidad de estos períodos. Finalmente, apuntamos la necesidadde una teoría integradora del desarrollo humano y ofrecemos algunos puntos de debate

Developmental and individual differences in novelty and error detection in 10-year-old children and young adults /

Event-related potentials were recorded from 10-year-old children and young adults in order to examine the developmental dififerences in two frontal lobe functions: detection of novel stimuli during an auditory novelty oddball task, and error detection during a visual flanker task. All participants showed a parietally-maximal P3 in response to auditory stimuli. In children, novel stimuli generated higher P3 amplitudes at the frontal site compared with target stimuli, whereas target stimuli generated higher P3 amplitudes at the parietal site compared with novel stimuli. Adults, however, had higher P3 amplitude to novel tones compared with target tones at each site. Children also had greater P3 amplitude at more parietal sites than adults during the novelty oddball and flanker tasks. Furthermore, children and adults did not show a significant reduction in P3 amplitude from the first to second novel stimulus presentation. No age differences were found with respect to P3 latency to novel and target stimuli. These findings suggest that the detection of novel and target stimuli is mature in 10-year-olds. Error trials typically elicit a negative ERP deflection (the ERN) with a frontal-central scalp distribution that may reflect response monitoring. There is also evidence of a positive ERP peak (the Pe) with a posterior scalp distribution which may reflect subjective recognition of a response. Both children and adults showed an ERN and Pe maximal at frontal-central sites. Children committed more errors, had smaller ERN across sites, and had a larger Pe at the parietal site than adults. This suggests that response monitoring is still immature in 10-year-olds whereas recognition of and emotional responses to errors may be similar in children and adults.

Zur klinischen Bedeutung von Geschwistererfahrungen - hat die Geschwistererfahrung einen Einfluss auf seelische Erkrankungen?

Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Frage, ob bei psychogenen Störungen Geschwistererfahrungen klinische Relevanz haben und ob die erfahrene Geschwisterposition und –konstellation auch im Erwachsenenalter psychodynamisch wirksam ist. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in drei Teile. Im ersten Teil werden in einem metatheoretischen Vorgehen psychoanalytische Konzepte, psychoanalytische Entwicklungstheorien aus der Objekt- und Selbstpsychologie und empirische Forschungsergebnisse zur Geschwisterbeziehung vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend werden Annahmen formuliert, welche psychodynamischen Konflikte sich in einer pathologischen Entwicklung als psychische Störungen im Erwachsenenalter manifestieren können.Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden acht Einzelfälle psychoanalytischer Behandlungen von erwachsenen Patienten unterschiedlicher Geschwisterpositionen und -konstellationen dargestellt, die die in Teil 1 beschriebenen pathogenen Geschwistereinflüsse illustrieren. In den untersuchten Einzelfällen ist die erfahrene Geschwisterposition der Patienten konfliktbesetzt und psychodynamisch wirksam gewesen. Dabei haben die Erfahrungen mit den primären Objekten die Basis für die pathologische Beziehungsdynamik der Geschwister gebildet. Den dritten extra-klinisch empirischen Teil der Arbeit stellt eine explorative Pilotstudie dar, die ebenfalls das Ziel verfolgt, persistierende Geschwisterkonflikte in ihren langandauernden Effekten zu explorieren. Es handelt sich um eine Dokumentenanalyse von 215 Patientenakten aus einer psychosomatischen Klinik. Aus den Akten werden als Variablen ICD - und OPD - Diagnosen als auch inhaltsanalytisch ermittelte psychodynamische Konflikte herausgefiltert und mit den Variablen Geschwisterposition und –konstellation korreliert. Dabei wird erstens der Frage nachgegangen, ob es in den Akten von psychisch erkrankten Patienten zwischen Einzel- und Geschwisterkindern Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Diagnosen und hinsichtlich der formulierten psychodynamischen Konflikte gibt. Zweitens geht es um eine weitergehende Exploration dieser Variablen in Bezug auf die erfahrene Geschwisterposition bzw. –konstellation. Es zeigt sich, dass die ICD-10 Diagnostik aufgrund ihres deskriptiven Charakters und ihrer psychiatrischen Orientierung wenig brauchbar ist, diesbezügliche Hypothesen zu formulieren. Im Unterschied zur ICD-10 ergibt sich in Bezug auf die OPD-Diagnostik, besonders aber in Hinsicht auf die psychodynamischen Konflikte ein differenzierteres Bild. So sind z.B. Parentifizierung am häufigsten von Einzelkindern und Erstgeborenen benannt worden. Gleichzeitig berichten Patienten, die mit Geschwistern aufgewachsen sind, am stärksten von erlebtem emotionalem Mangel in der Familie. Unter Dominanzkonflikten leiden die Patienten am meisten, die als jüngstes Kind aufgewachsen sind. Bei Patienten mit der jüngsten und mittleren Geschwisterposition ist als weiteres Beispiel auffallend oft Altruismus ermittelt worden. Fazit der Arbeit ist, dass ungelöste Geschwisterkonflikte langandauernde Effekte haben können und dass - im Gegensatz zur Birth-Order-Forschung - die Variable der Geschwisterposition unter Berücksichtigung geschlechtsspezifischer Aspekte als ein intra- und interpsychisches dynamisches Geschehen begriffen werden kann.