Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume I. Summary. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Enforcement and public information strategies for DWI general deterrence: the Boise City, Idaho experience. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Driver and Pedestrian Research, Washington, D.C.

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume II - technical report. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume III - appendices. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact of a driver intervention program on DWI recidivism and problem drinking. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A users' guide to ride service programs. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

The assessment of ride service programs as an alcohol countermeasure. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of a community service sanction for DWI: the Baton Rouge community service work program. Volume II. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Assessment of citizen group court monitoring programs. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Highway fences as vehicle-deer collision deterrents. Final report.

Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg

The review and assessment of designated driver programs as an alcohol countermeasure approach. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Two experimental studies of traffic law. Volume II: the effect of court appearance on traffic law violaters. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Responses of women and men to traffic safety messages: a qualitative report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

"There's no way in hell I would pull up" : Deterrent and other effects of vehicle impoundment laws for hooning

Traffic law enforcement is based on deterrence principles, whereby drivers control their behaviour in order to avoid an undesirable sanction. For “hooning”-related driving behaviours in Queensland, the driver’s vehicle can be impounded for 48 hours, 3 months, or permanently depending on the number of previous hooning offences. It is assumed that the threat of losing something of value, their vehicle, will discourage drivers from hooning. While official data shows that the rate of repeat offending is low, an in-depth understanding of the deterrent effects of these laws should involve qualitative research with targeted drivers. A sample of 22 drivers who reported engaging in hooning behaviours participated in focus group discussions about the vehicle impoundment laws as applied to hooning offences in Queensland. The findings suggested that deterrence theory alone cannot fully explain hooning behaviour, as participants reported hooning frequently, and intended to continue doing so, despite reporting that it is likely that they will be caught, and perceiving the vehicle impoundment laws to be extremely severe. The punishment avoidance aspect of deterrence theory appears important, as well as factors over and above legal issues, particularly social influences. A concerning finding was drivers’ willingness to flee from police in order to avoid losing their vehicle permanently for a third offence, despite acknowledging risks to their own safety and that of others. This paper discusses the study findings in terms of the implications for future research directions, enforcement practices and policy development for hooning and other traffic offences for which vehicle impoundment is applied.

Modifying Fences to Prevent Ungulate Use of Cropland and High-Value Pastures

Big game can damage crops and compete with livestock for valuable forage. Ranchers have reported their tolerance for big game would increase if the animals could be prevented from using key areas critical for spring livestock use. Likewise, some farmers have high value areas that must be protected. Fences provide the most consistent long term control compared to other deterrent methods, but are costly to erect. Many designs of woven wire and electric fences are currently used. Costs of erecting deer proof fencing could be greatly reduced if an existing fence could be modified instead of being replaced entirely. This study investigates the possibility of modifying existing fences to prohibit deer and elk crossings. Preliminary results indicate effective modifications can be made to existing fences for $1300- $3500 per mile for materials. Traditional complete construction of game fences cost more than $10,000 per mile. These fences may be used in lieu of compensation programs for ranchers. Also, if farmers and ranchers can keep big game out of important foraging areas, their tolerance for these animals on the rest of their property may greatly increase.