Distribui����o das fontes de infec����o do histoplasma capsulatum var: capsulatum em Rio da Prata - Munic��pio do Rio de Janeiro (RJ)

Os Autores demonstram o ��ndice de contamina����o do solo pelo Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, na localidade de Rio da Prata, ��rea periurbana com caracter��sticas rurais, do Munic��pio do Rio de Janeiro. A an��lise de 111 amostras do solo coletadas em diferentes locais determinou 8 (7,2%) amostras positivas, todas obtidas de galinheiros, em um dos quais tamb��m foi observado guano de morcegos O elevado n��vel de contamina����o do solo nesta regi��o pode ser comparado aos n��veis observados em ��reas end��micas de histoplasmose nos EUA.

Ocorr��ncia de Clostridium difficile nas fezes de crian��as do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

A ocorr��ncia de Clostridium difficile foi analisada em amostras de fezes de 175 crian��as com idade variando de 1 a 35 meses. Para o isolamento prim��rio do microrganismo foi empregado o meio de cultura seletivo diferencial "CCFA" (cicloserina-cefoxitina-frutose-agar). Num grupo de 67 crian��as sem dist��rbios gastrintestinais e que n��o estavam sob uso de agentes antimicrobianos a ocorr��ncia do C. difficile foi de 22,4%, enquanto que num outro grupo de 28 crian��as nas mesmas condi����es, por��m, sob tratamento com antimicrobianos a ocorr��ncia do microrganismo foi de 50%. Num terceiro grupo de 58 crian��as com diarr��ia e sob antibi��tico-terapia a ocorr��ncia de C. difficile atingiu 13,8%. Este mesmo percentual foi encontrado num quarto grupo de 22 crian��as com diarr��ia, por��m, sem tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos. De um modo geral, os maiores ��ndices de ocorr��ncia de C. difficile foram encontrados em crian��as com idade variando entre 1 a 12 meses (28,1%). ��ndices inferiores foram verificados entre crian��as com idade superior a 1 ano. Outrossim, os resultados evidenciam que crian��as com dist��rbios gastrintestinais apresentam menor incid��ncia deste microrganismo nas fezes. Por outro lado. n��o houve diferen��a estat��sticamente significativa entre os grupos de crian��as com e sem terapia antimicrobiana.

Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).

Gastr��podes l��mnicos do Campus de Manguinhos, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Um levantamento da malacofauna l��mnina do Campus de Manguinhos, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado nos ��ltimos dois anos visando comparar as esp��cies hoje existentes com aquelas encontradas no in��cio deste s��culo. Foram pesquisadas 18 cole����es h��dricas numa extens��o de 880.000m��, sendo encontradas em 13 delas as seguintes esp��cies: Antillorbis nordestensis, Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria straminea, Lymnaea columella, Melanoides tuberculatus, Physa cubensis, Pomacea glauca e Pomacea lineata. Destacam-se o desaparecimento de Biomphalaria tenagophila, registrada por Lutz em 1918, a introdu����o de B. straminea e da esp��cie asi��tica M. tuberculatus. Nenhum molusco apresentou infec����o por Schistosoma mansoni.

V��rus r��bico em morcego Nyctinomops laticaudatus na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ: isolamento, titula����o e epidemiologia

Apresenta-se o primeiro relato de raiva em morcego da esp��cie Nyctinomops laticaudatus, na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Foram realizados isolamento e titula����o viral em diferentes tecidos, encontrando-se altos t��tulos no c��rebro e gl��ndulas salivares. A ocorr��ncia de raiva em uma esp��cie pouco freq��ente neste estado sugere que a doen��a pode ser mais prevalente do que aparenta.

An��lise faun��stica dos helmintos de pardais (Passer domesticus L., 1758) capturados em Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Sparrows captured in Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, were examined through necropsy and the helmints found were identified. The prevalence, intensity of infection and the habitat of each helminth species found are showed. An analysis of the helminth fauna using the importance value of the species collected indicated that in the sparrow the dominant species are: Leucochloridium parcum, Tanaisia inopina, Choanotaenia passerina, Dispharynx nasuta and Tetrameres minima; and the co-dominant species are: Echinostoma revolutum, Eumegacetes mediximus and Mediorhynchus papillosus. According to the host specificity were classified as specialist species: L. parcum, T. inopina, C. passerina and T. minima; and as generalist species: E. revolutum, E. medioximus, D. nasuta and M. papillosus. Echinostoma revolutum was found for the first time in P. domesticus. The species E. medioximus , T. minima and D. nasuta were found for the first time in the sparrow in Brazil. The species C. passerina and M. papillosus were found for the first time in Brazil, expanding their distribution to the Neotropical region.

Contribui����o para o conhecimento do g��nero Dimecoenia Cresson, 1916: V. Sobre uma esp��cie nova do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Diptera: Ephydridae)

New species of several speciemens of several specimens from Rio de Janeiro county, caught on the Spinosa platensis microalgae breeding in the concret thanks is described.

Capture of Caliptrate flies with different breeding substrates on beaches in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Muscidae flies belonging to four Familia and 13 species in a total number of 3.652 specimens were collected from beaches at Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil using different breeding substrates, and subsequently bred in the laboratory. Captures were done from April to November 1989, using in a first phase different substrates: fruits (banana and papaya), vegtable (tomato), animal viscera (bovine liver), marine animals (fish, crab, shrimp, squid), mouse carcass and feaces (human and canine). The species collected more often were: Fannia sp. (subgroup pusio), Chrysomya megacephala, Phaenicia eximia, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Peckya chrysostoma, Musca domestica and Atherigona orientalis. In a later phase, only fish was used, as bait and placed directly on the beach sand. From a total of 189 pupae, the following adult specimen were obtained: Peckia chrysostoma (58.06%), Chrysomya megacephala (30.64%) and in lesser numbers Synthesiomyia nudiseta and Phaenicia eximia.

Comportamento de d��pteros musc��ides frente a substratos de oviposi����o, em laborat��rio, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

How adult females of calyptrate Diptera recognize the appropriate breeding substrate is a matter of controversy. Among holometabolic insects, the feeding opportunities of immature stages are generally determined by the adult female choice of an oviposition site. The ovipositional and larvipositional substrate preference for the synanthropic flies (Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria, Phaenicia cuprina: Calliphoridae; Atherigona orientalis, Synthesiomyia nudiseta: Muscidae; Ravinia belforti, Parasarcophaga ruficornis, Peckia chrysostoma: Sarcophagidae) is presented in this work. The substrate used for testing were the following: bovine minced meat, fish (sardine), bovine liver, shrimp, squid, human faeces and banana. Bovine minced meat was the ovipositional and larvipositional substrate preferred by seven species. Human faeces were preferred by R. belforti.

The Type Specimens of Apoidea (Hymenoptera) Deposited in the Entomological Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

A list of 41 Apoidea (Hymenoptera) type specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil is presented. The types previously belonged to the Zik��n and Schrottky private collections. A total of 11 holotypes and 30 paratypes are listed with their respective data and literature

The type specimens of sucking lice (anoplura) deposited in the entomological collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

This study presents a list of 34 Anoplura type specimens deposited in the Werneck Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It includes 18 holotypes, 16 allotypes, 88 paratypes and 10 neotypes, distributed among the genera: Enderleinellus, Fahrenholzia, Haematopinus, Hoplopleura, Linognathus, Microthoracius, Pecaroecus, Polyplax and Pterophthirus. The types are related according to their respective data and literature.

Seroepidemiological markers of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis A and E in individuals living in a community located in the North Area of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

We investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in subjects living in the community of Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and assisted at the Health Unit of Escola Nacional de Sa��de P��blica, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz. After formal consent, individuals were submitted to an interview using a standardized questionnaire. Anti-HAV and anti-HEV antibodies were detected by ELISA. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Epi-Info 6.04b software, to investigate possible associations between serological markers and risk factors. Results were regarded as significant when p value < 0.05. Although a high prevalence of anti-HAV was observed (87%), almost 50% of subjects under the age of 10 were susceptible to HAV infection, an unexpected rate in endemic areas. This fact could be attributed to improvements in environmental sanitation, occurring in this area in the last years. The increasing proportion of susceptible people may result in outbreaks of HAV infection, since the virus still circulates in this area, as verified by the detection of anti-HAV IgM in some individuals. No statistical association was met between HAV infection and the risk factors here assessed. The anti-HEV IgG prevalence found in this population was 2.4%, consistent with the one found in non-endemic areas.

The type specimens of chewing lice (Insecta, Mallophaga) deposited in the entomological collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

This paper presents a list of 131 Mallophaga type specimens deposited in the Werneck Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It includes 69 holotypes, 62 allotypes, 683 paratypes, 1 syntype and 2 neoparatypes, distributed among 6 families and 35 genera. The types are listed with their respective data and literature.

Din��mica populacional e parasitismo de Himen��pteros parasit��ides de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), no Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Este estudo foi realizado no per��odo de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000 com o objetivo de conhecer os parasit��ides de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) e avaliar sua din��mica populacional no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ FIOCRUZ) e Jardim Zool��gico, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente atrav��s da exposi����o de larvas de terceiro instar da mosca e seu substrato de cria����o, carne bovina mo��da em putrefa����o. Foram identificadas tr��s esp��cies de himen��pteros parasit��ides: Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, 1904 (Encyrtidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) (Pteromalidae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Pteromalidae). Nos dois locais, T. zealandicus foi a esp��cie com maior taxa de parasitismo de C. megacephala, seguida por P. vindemiae e N. vitripennis. A popula����o de parasit��ides diminuiu drasticamente no ver��o (temperatura m��dia = 28&deg;C; precipita����o = 6,5 mm).O pico populacional desses insetos foi verificado no final do outono e durante todo o inverno. No Jardim Zool��gico, o lixo acumulado no local de coleta exerceu forte influ��ncia na din��mica populacional dos himen��pteros parasit��ides identificados nesse estudo e o pico populacional de parasitismo foi verificado em junho e julho de 2000.