Sports anti-siphoning laws and the controversy of sports broadcasting: A case study of Pakistan

Controversies between private and public broadcasters over the broadcasting of live sports, especially cricket, during important sports events have emerged as a serious legal issue in Pakistan. Controversy between Geo Super and Pakistan Television over live telecast of the ICC Cricket World Cup is a typical example of such controversies. An aggressive legal battle, during a most important cricketing event, not only hampered the enjoyment of cricket viewers across the country but also gave Pakistan a bad name across the globe. This article discusses in detail this controversy and highlights lacunas in the existing sports broadcasting regime of Pakistan. There are no clear and well defined sports broadcasting laws in Pakistan. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) rules are of general nature. Secondly, PEMRA rules are not comprehensive and explicit enough to provide clear guidelines about sports broadcasting. This may be a possible reason why sports broadcasting controversies reach the highest court in Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Despite these ugly battles between broadcasters, the government of Pakistan has never given due importance to this issue and no efforts have been made at any level to come up with legislation on sports broadcasting to avoid such controversies or to resolve them amicably in the light of well-defined laws on this subject. The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards this important issue because in future more such controversies may be expected in the absence of a sports broadcasting regime in the country.

Summary of crab laws and regulations

Each year the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources publishes a summary of the laws and regulations of commercial fishing in the state. This publication provides the license requirements, definitions, restrictions, and laws and regulations for commercial crabbing.

Reactions of African immigrants living in Houston, Texas, to the American media and legislation regarding female circumcision

Female circumcision was almost unheard of in the United States a few years ago. The recent influx of African immigrants has increased media attention to the subject, leading to laws criminalizing female circumcision. This study examines the reactions of African immigrants living in Houston, Texas, to media portrayal and legislation regarding female circumcision in an attempt to understand the effectiveness of U.S. laws, and media messages in deterring the practice. ^ Through literature reviews the study looks at how female circumcision is portrayed in the Houston Chronicle, and gives detailed discussion of laws regarding it. Attitudes, beliefs, experiences and reactions of African immigrants towards the practice and American's perceptions of female circumcision is examined via a series of case studies. ^ Data show that media and laws portray female circumcision negatively and make little attempt to understand the cultural practice, generating outrage among Africans who would like to see changes in the practice. ^

Public laws and resolutions passed by the General Assembly at its session of ... [serial].

Title varies slightly.

Revised school laws and revised rules and regulations of the Department of Public Instruction of the territory of Hawaii, 1915.

Mode of access: Internet.

1981 farm legislation [microform] : hearings before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session, August 28, 29, and 30, 1980, St. Paul, Minn.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 81 S161-13

Compilation of the school laws of New Mexico containing laws and parts of laws relating to public schools.

N. M. State doc. call no.: J87.N6 F401.32 P37 1895

The law concerning farms, farmers and farm laborers : together with the game laws of all the states /

"Requirements as to deeds throughout the United States"--P. [211]-226.

Workmen's compensation law, effective November 3, 1925, and other labor laws of the state of Arizona.

Mode of access: Internet.

Colorado workmen's compensation and industrial commission laws, passed by the twentieth general assembly of the state of Colorado, 1915 : as amended by the twenty-first general assembly, 1917.

Mode of access: Internet.

The inventor's and patentee's guide and pocket record : containing the United States patent laws, with notes of numerous decisions of the United States courts, also rules and directions for proceedings in the Patent office of the United States, with forms and instructions for patentees after they have secured their letters patent; together with a list of the counties of each state, for recording memoranda of sales, &c.; interest table; an abstract of the census of 1850; a list of the number of patents for inventions and designs, that have been granted by the United States Patent office; a dictionary of technical terms in mechanics, and other interesting and useful notes and rules /

"A complete list of states & counties ..." (p. [131]-152) is interleaved.

Oregon laws relating to agriculture from Oregon revised statutes with 1955 amendments; administered by the State Department of Agriculture and including some agricultural laws not administered by the department but related to or associated with department responsibilities.

Mode of access: Internet.

Games and fish laws ... and federal regulations for protection of migratory birds.

Description based on: 1915-1916. ; title from cover.

Illinois library laws and regulations in effect Jan. ... /

Mode of access: Internet.