1000 resultados para DEMOGRAFÍA - HISTORIA
Resumo:
Este trabajo se propone analizar crticamente algunas teoras recientes sobre las consecuencias sociales de la Segunda Guerra Pnica (218-201 a. C.) en la antigua sociedadromana. Mientras que lainterpretacin clsica haba subrayado el efecto daino que las guerras de expansin supusieronpara el campesinado romano, los nuevos enfoques en boga se caracterizan por dejar de lado las contradicciones del proceso histrico, adoptando una interpretacin malthusiana en la cual lapoblacin simplementehabra crecido mucho ms que los recursos para sostenerla. Considerando que la demografa no es una variable independiente sino que se encuentra enmarcada en un modo de produccin especfico, se propone estudiar algunaslimitaciones de los enfoques mencionados paraluego abordar el problema desde una ptica que enfatice en la dinmica contradictoria de la sociedad romana
Resumo:
El trabajo analiza, desde la perspectiva de la salud pblica y la higiene, el programa demogrfico que impuls el rgimen dictatorial que se instaur en Espaa al finalizar la contienda civil de 1936. El discurso que se elabor en torno a dicho programa, aparece recogido en publicaciones auspiciadas por la Seccin de Higiene Infantil de la Direccin General de Sanidad y la Jefatura Nacional de Sanidad de Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las J.O.N.S., as como en diversos estudios llevados a cabo por algunos de los higienistas, puericultores y pediatras que alcanzaron mayor relevancia en el contexto de la medicina espaola de los aos cuarenta.
Resumo:
El estudio se articula en torno a tres ejes: En uno primero se recogen y desgranan "Las informaciones de Sagunto/Murbar procedentes de las fuentes rabes escritas", tanto las noticias sobre diversos eventos histricos, como las noticias de las fuentes geogrficas y literarias rabes (en especial las relacionadas con la descripcin de sus monumentos), acabando con algunos apuntes demogrficos. En un segundo apartado se estudia "La mutacin toponmica de Saguntum a Murbar, como fuente de informacin histrica", mientras que en el tercero y ltimo se habla de "Las conquistas cristianas de Sagunto/Murbar/Morvedre".
Resumo:
Resmenes de las memorias: GUTIERREZ LLORET, Rosa Ana: La I Repblica. El comportamiento poltico de la burguesa alicantina. Leda el 30 de noviembre de 1983. Director: Dr. D. Salvador Forner Muoz; FERRANDEZ ALBERCA, Patrocinio: Fuentes para la historia electoral de la provincia de Alicante. La seccin de Elecciones y Censo Electoral del Archivo de la Diputacin Provincial de Alicante. Leda el 24 de enero de 1984. Director: Dr. Salvador Forner Muoz; MARTINEZ MICO, M. Angeles: Documentacin de las secciones de Contabilidad, Fomento, Quintas y Suministros del Archivo de la Diputacin Provincial de Alicante. Leda el 23 de marzo de 1984. Director: Doctor Salvador Forner Muoz; GONZALVEZ ALONSO, Jos Vicente: Elche 1854-1868. Demografa, Sociedad y Rgimen Municipal. Leda el17 de mayo de 1984. Director: Dr. Glicerio Snchez Recio; AMOROS SANTO, Luis: Documentacin de las secciones de Cuentas de Propios, Arbitrios y Presupuestos Municipales y Gobierno Civil, del Archivo de la Diputacin Provincial de Alicante. Leda el 18 de mayo de 1984. Director: Dr. Salvador Forner Muoz; DE GABRIEL POVEDA, Francisca: Fondos de la seccin de Beneficencia del Archivo de la Diputacin Provincial de Alicante. Leda el 18 de junio de 1984. Director: Dr. Salvador Forner Muoz; HERNANDEZ FERRIS, Rafael: La sociedad cooperativa El trabajo, 1880-1942. Leda el 4 de octubre de 1984. Director: Dr. Glicerio Snchez Recio; SANTACREU SOLER, Jos Miguel: Moneda y municipios en la provincia de Alicante durante la guerra civil espaola (la crisis monetaria de 1937). Leda el 6 de noviembre de 1984. Director: Dr. Salvador Forner Muoz.
Resumo:
Memoria final del Proyecto de Innovacin y Mejora de la Calidad Docente "Emigrantes 2.0. Produccin y uso didctico de materiales audiovisuales sobre la nueva emigracin en plataformas digitales para la enseanza de la Historia del Presente" (N 56-2015).
Resumo:
Un primer paso que consider indispensable al redactar esta memoria es explicitar la Weltanschauung que en mi caso personal antecede, recorre y envuelve mi produccin historiogrfica, primero por honestidad intelectual y segundo, porque siendo una coleccin de ensayos, resultaba pertinente mostrar sin ambages los hilos que los unen a todos. Ese hilo que cruza y hermana los cuatro ensayos que se presentan es revisionista del tpico condenatorio del mundo hispnico de la primera Modernidad, lo cual no significa que se pretenda hacer aqu un reemplazo de la manida Leyenda Negra por una Leyenda Rosa. Lo fundamental, como dijese mejor que yo OGorman, no es juzgar los sucesos pasados, sino conocerlos para entenderlos dentro de las circunstancias en que acontecieron. Los dos textos iniciales el primero escrito con Rafael Dobado son una revisin crtica de las mal llamadas fuentes secundarias, que ponen en duda algunos de los loci ms llevados y trados de la historiografa sobre Hispanoamrica. Los dos ensayos finales, ricos en fuentes de archivo, son las primeras piedras de un proyecto ms amplio para elaborar un ndice comprensivo de precios y salarios para la ciudad de Mxico entre 1759 y 1833. Sntesis El primer ensayo lleva por ttulo Siete mitos acerca de la historia econmica del Mundo hispnico. El objetivo central del texto fue desnudar la escasez de evidencia documental de cada uno de estos mitos y mostrar que todos derivan de prejuicios e impresiones vagas, hijos ms de la leyenda negra que de investigaciones minuciosas. Dobado y yo recurrimos a la comparacin internacional para cuestionar el excepcionalismo iberoamericano, que al menos en la poca virreinal no parece haberlo sido tanto. En lneas generales, podemos decir que nuestros resultados sealan que el atraso presente de Hispanoamrica se produjo eminentemente despus de los aos virreinales, y que una parte de l se explica adems por factores geogrficos y de dotacin de recursos que en nada derivan de la dominacin espaola...
Resumo:
The dissertation "From Conceptual to Corporeal, from Quotation to Site: Painting and History of Contemporary Art" explores the state of painting in contemporary art and art theory since the 1960s. The purpose of the study is to re-consider the dominant "end of painting" -narrative in contemporary art history, which goes back to the modernist ideology of painting as a reductive, medium-specific form of art. Drawing on Michel Foucaults concepts of discursive formation and archive, as well as Jean-Luc Nancys post-phenomenological philosophy on corporeality, I suggest that contemporary painting can be redefined as a discursive-sensuous practice. Instead of seeing painting as obsolete or over as an avantgarde art genre, I show that there have been alternative, neo-avantgardist ways of defining painting since the end of the 1960s, such as French artist Daniel Burens early writings on painting as "theoretical practice". Consequently, the tendency of the canonical Anglo-American contemporary art narratives to underestimate the historical and institutional codes of art can be questioned. This tendency can be seen, for example, in Rosalind Krausss influential theory on index. The study also reflects the relations between conceptual art and painting since the 1960s and maps recent theories of painting, which re-examine the genres possibilities after the modernist rhetoric. Concepts of "flatbed", "painting in the extended field", "as painting" and so on are compared critically with the idea of painting as discursive practice. It is also shown that the issues in painting arise from the contemporary critical art debate while the dematerialisation paradigm of conceptual art has dissolved. The study focuses on the corporeal-material-sensuous -cluster of meanings attached to painting and searches for its avantgardist possibilities as redefined by postfeminist and post-phenomenological discourse. The ideas of hierarchy of the senses and synesthesia are developed within the framework of Jean-Luc Nancys and Luce Irigarays thought. The parameters for the study have been Finnish painting from 1990 to 2002. On the Finnish art scene there has been no "end of painting" ideology, strictly speaking. The mythology and medium-specificity of modernism have been deconstructed since the mid-1980s, but "the archive" of painting, like themes of abstraction, formalism and synesthesia have been re-worked by the discursive practice of painting, for example, in the works of Nina Roos, Tarja Pitknen-Walter and Jussi Niva.
Resumo:
In 1952 Helsinki hosted the Summer Olympic Games and Armi Kuusela, the current Maiden of Finland, was at the same time crowned Miss Universe. In popular history writing, these events have been designated as a crucial turning point the end of an era marked by war and deprivation and the beginning of a modern, Western nation. Symptomatically, both events were marked by Finnish womens sexual relationships with foreign men. The Olympics were shadowed by a concern over Finnish womens undue friendliness with the Olympic guests, and Armi Kuusela's world tour was cut short by her surprise marriage in Tokyo and subsequent emigration to the Philippines. This study is an inquiry into the Helsinki Olympics and the public persona of Armi Kuusela from the point of view of transnational heterosexuality and the constitution of Finnish national identity. Methodologically the two main components of the study are intersectionality, defined here as a focus on the mutual histories and effects of discourses of gender, sexuality, race and nation; and transnational history as a way of exploring the ways that both nations and sexual subjects are embedded in global relations of power. The analysis proceeds by way of contextual and intertextual readings of various sources. Part one, centering on the Olympics, involves a campaign mounted by certain womens organizations before the Games in order to educate young women about the potential dangers of the forthcoming international event as well as magazine and newspaper articles published during and after the Games concerning the encounter between young Finnish women and foreign, especially Southern, men. It places the debates during the Olympics within the framework of wartime understandings of womens sexuality; the history of the concept of decency (siveellisyys); post-war population policy; the intersectional histories of conceptions pertaining to race and sexuality; and finally, the post-war concerns over womens migration from rural areas to the capital city and their potential emigration abroad. Part two deals with the persona of Armi Kuusela and the public reception of her world tour and marriage, based on material from both Finland and the Philippines (newspapers, magazines, advertisements, books and films). It examines the persona of Armi Kuusela as a figure of national import in terms of the East/West divide; the racialized images of different geographic climates and Oriental Others; the meaning of whiteness in the Philippines; the significance of class and colonial history for the domestication of sexual and racial transgressions implied by an unconventional transnational marriage; as well as the cultural logics of transnational desire and its possible meanings for women in 1950s Finland. The study develops two arguments. First, it suggests that instead of being purely oppositional to national discourses, transnational desire may also be viewed as a product of these very discourses. Second, it claims that the national significance of both the Olympics and the persona of Armi Kuusela was due to the new points of comparison they both offered for national identity construction. In comparison with the sexualized Southern men at the Olympics and the racialized Orient in the representations of Armi Kuuselas travels and marriage, Finland emerged as part of the civilized North, placed firmly within the perimeters of Western Europe. As such, both events mark a whitening of the Finnish people as well as a distancing from their previous designations in racial hierarchies. At the same time, however, the process of becoming a white nation inevitably meant complying with and reproducing racial hierarchies, rather than simply abolishing them.
Resumo:
One history in a multicomplex world The quintessence of history and grand historical narratives in the historical consciousness of class teacher students The study analyses the conception of history amongst class teacher students at the University of Helsinki. It also explores the expectations about the future that the students have on the basis of their views on history. The conceptions of the students are analysed against the background of the notion of one history which has been part of Western thought in the modern era and which is at the centre of the theoretical framework of this study. The Enlightenment project and the erosion of the role of the Church paved the way for the notion that history is an linear narrative of the progress of humankind and in which, implicitly, the Western countries are endowed with a special role as the vanguards of progress. In recent times these assumptions have been criticised by postmodernists and proponents of New History. The material of the study consists of interviews of twenty-two 19 26 years old class teacher students at the University of Helsinki. The topics in the interviews were the developments of the past and the future trajectories. The students conceived history as a field of knowledge that provides a unifying view on the world and helps to make today s world intelligible. Finnish history and global history were invested with features of a grand narrative of progress. In global history, progress and development were seen as characteristic of the Western world primarily. The students regarded the post-war Finnish history as a qualified success story in that they deplored the erosion of collectivist values and the rise of selfishness in recent decades. History was not conceived as a process of progress that would self-evidently continue in the future, but rather more as a field of contingency and cyclical change.The students regarded the increasing predominance of the market forces over democratically elected agencies, the antagonism between the West and the other parts of the world, and environmental risks as the major threats. Notwithstanding this general.pessimism about the future, the students had a very positive view of their own personal prospects. Keywords: historical consciouness, one history, future expectations
Resumo:
Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on historiantutkimuksen menetelmi kytten selvitt metsnhoidon teorian sek kytnnn metsnhoidon kehitysvaiheet ja nihin vaikuttaneet tekijt, keskiajalta lhtien 1870-luvulla tapahtuneeseen metsteollisuuden lpimurtoon saakka. Tutkimus tarkastelee Suomen metsi, niiden kytt ja metsnhoidon alkuvaiheita Ruotsin ja Venjn vallan aikoina. Vastauksia haetaan erityisesti seuraaviin pkysymyksiin: - miten eri metsnkyttmuodot ja -kyttjt vaikuttivat metsiin ja metsnhoidon edistymiseen? - mill tavoin maanomistuksen kehitys vaikutti metsien kyttn ja hoitoon? - millaisiin pmriin ja yhteiskunnallisiin taustatekijihin metsien kytn julkinen ohjaus perustui? - mit kytnnn vaikutuksia valtion metspolitiikalla ja ohjauksella oli metsnhoidon kehitykseen? - miss ja miten kehittyivt Suomessa sovellettu metsnhoidon teoria ja kytnnn menetelmt? - mitk tekijt stelivt metsnhoidon teorioiden soveltamista kytntn? - mik oli naapurimaiden metsnhoidon sek kansainvlisten yhteyksien merkitys metsnhoidon kehitykselle Suomessa? - miten vuosisatainen pelko metsien ja puun loppumisesta vaikutti metsnhoidon kehitykseen? - millainen merkitys puun arvon kehityksell oli metsnhoidon alkuun saattamiselle ja edistymiselle? Suomessa harjoitettiin 1870-luvulle saakka pasiassa talonpoikaista metsnkytt. Maaseudun vest hankki toimeentulonsa metsist ernkynnin, kaskiviljelyn, laiduntamisen, rakennushirsien valmistamisen, tervantuotannon ja paikoin mys potaskan tai sysien valmistamisen avulla. Erityisesti rannikkoseuduilla tuotettiin "isorakennuksen puita", lehtereit, mastopuita ja muuta erikoispuutavaraa. Lautojen ja lankkujen sahaus laajeni vhitellen, saavuttaen 1800-luvun lopulla hallitsevan aseman myyntiin tarkoitettujen metsntuotteiden tuotannossa. Polttopuun sek muun kotitarvepuun kulutus silyi suurimpana puunkytn ryhmn pitklle 1900-luvulle saakka. Mainituista metsnkyttmuodoista erityisesti kaskeaminen ja sit seuraava laiduntamisvaihe sek tervaspuiden koloaminen "autioittivat" laajoja metsalueita. Tiheimmin asutuilla seuduilla esiintyi pulaa poltto- ja rakennuspuusta myhiskeskiajalta alkaen. Nm ongelmat sek laivanrakennuksen ja vuoriteollisuuden puunsaannin turvaamisen tarve johtivat 1600-luvun puolivliss pysyvn metsnkytn julkiseen ohjaukseen. Tuolloin Ruotsin valtakunnan metslainsdnnn kivijalaksi tuli kestvyyden periaate, josta kruunu kyllkin joutui tinkimn moneen otteeseen. Valtion jatkuva rahantarve oli kytnnss metspolitiikan trkein taustavoima sek Ruotsin vallan ett autonomian aikana. Jo 1600-luvulla ruvettiin vaatimaan talonpoikien yhteismaiden jakamista omistajilleen vastuullisemman metsnkytn nimiss. Isoajakoa saatiin Suomessa odottaa 1770-luvulle saakka. Etel-Suomessa se valmistui melko nopeasti, 1800-luvun puolivliin menness. Sill olikin mynteinen, metsien sstvmpn ksittelyyn johtava vaikutus. Valtiosta tuli isonjaon myt erityisesti Pohjois-Suomessa merkittv metsnomistaja 1800-luvun jlkipuoliskolla. Valtion metshallinto, jota maaherrat ja sivistyneist vaativat perustettavaksi jo 1700-luvun puolivliss, aloitti toimintansa maanlaajuisesti 1860-luvulla. Se oli ensimminen merkittv metsnhoidon organisaatio, ja vasta sen myt metsnkytt ohjaavilla sdksill ja ohjeilla alkoi olla kytnnn merkityst. Yksityismetsi varten ei tllaista organisaatiota viel perustettu, niit rasittivat pahoin nousevan sahateollisuuden mrmittahakkuut pitklle 1900-luvun puolelle. Turun Akatemiassa tehtiin mittavaa metsnhoidon menetelmi koskevaa sek mys metspoliittista tutkimustyt 1700-luvun jlkipuoliskolla. Tulokset eivt viel sanottavasti siirtyneet kytntn, lhinn puun alhaisen arvon ja tarvittavien organisaatioiden puuttumisen takia. Kun valtion metshallintoa ja Suomen omaa metsopetusta ryhdyttiin perustamaan 1800-luvun puolivliss, haettiin metsnhoidon mallia alan johtavaksi maaksi kehittyneest Saksasta. Tultaessa 1870-luvulle, oli Evolla jo kynniss voimakas kehitysty maamme olosuhteisiin soveltuvien menetelmien luomiseksi saksalaisen teorian pohjalta. Metsnhoidon tiedot ja taidot olisivat jo tss vaiheessa riittneet kestvn metstalouden harjoittamiseen kaikkien omistajaryhmien metsiss, jos tarvittavat organisaatiot olisi kyetty perustamaan ja metsammattilaisia olisi koulutettu tarpeeksi. Metsnhoidon kehityst hidastivat 1800-luvun lopulla lhinn valtion heikko talous ja poliittiset nkemyserot. Metsteollisuuden 1870-luvulta alkanut voimakas kasvu ja lisntyv puuntarve pakottivat kuitenkin valtiovallan pitmn huolta puuntuotannon jatkuvuudesta. Metsteollisuuden kasvavan viennin kautta lisntyvt verotulot ja kan-santalouden mynteinen kehitys antoivat vhitellen mahdollisuuden metsnhoidon edistmiseen ammattilaisten koulutuksen, kansalaisten neuvonnan, lainsdnnn ja viranomaisten toiminnan kautta. Tm tutkimus lhestyy aihettaan metshistorian, taloushistorian, yhteiskuntahistorian ja ympristhistorian nkkulmista. Ajankohtaista merkityst sill on kehitysmaiden sek It-Euroopan siirtymtalouksien metsnhoidon edistmiselle, miss suomalaiset metsammattilaiset ovat mukana lukuisten kehityshankkeiden asiantuntijoina. Kymmeniss maissa metstalous kamppailee samanlaisten ongelmien kanssa kuin Suomessa ja naapurimaissa 100 - 300 vuotta sitten. Meidn kokemuksistamme on nille kansantalouksille hyty valtion- ja yksityismetstalouden metsnhoito-organisaatioita sek metslainsdnt kehitettess.
