Filhos de criação : uma história dos menores abandonados no Brasil : (década de 1930)

Na sociedade brasileira, as políticas sociais para infância e juventude considerada desamparada e delinqüente entre os anos de 1920 e 1940 caracterizam-se pelo fato de terem sido levadas a cabo pelos representantes do Poder Judiciário. Em Florianópolis (SC), o Juizado de Menores foi instituído, em 1935, pelo grupo que passou a governar o Estado de Santa Catarina com o propósito de promover, sob a ótica da gestão da população, uma assistência social moderna para os filhos dos trabalhadores urbanos. Nessa pesquisa, investigou-se, a partir da documentação emitida pelo Poder Judiciário, porque a prole de determinados grupos sociais ─ migrantes, descendentes de açorianos e madeirenses e afrodescendentes ─ que habitavam na cidade, na década de 1930, ingressaram no programa social colocação familiar implementado pelas autoridades judiciárias no período. Inicialmente foram identificadas as motivações relativas aos meios de subsistência e ao contexto sócio-familiar que geralmente levavam mães e pais consangüíneos a transferir seus filhos para outros lares. Posteriormente analisou-se como a noção de menor abandonado, vigente no Código de Menores de 1927, foi operacionalizada do ponto de vista jurídico-administrativo pelos representantes do Estado com o intuito de enviar os infantes pobres e os considerados infratores para as residências dos guardiões. Por fim, as experiências vivenciadas pelos menores declarados abandonados nos lares dos guardiões foram descritas. Os guardiões da capital catarinense e do interior do Estado acolhiam os “abandonados” de ambos os sexos com o objetivo central de obter mão-de-obra, sobretudo, para os serviços domésticos. Esse programa social se mostrou relativamente ineficaz à medida que não propiciou condições para que essas crianças e jovens oriundos dos grupos populares urbanos ascendessem de classe, garantindo, na maioria das vezes, apenas a subsistência dessas pessoas. A análise desse processo histórico relativo à chamada família substituta explica, em parte, as direções tomadas pelas políticas sociais infanto-juvenis nas décadas subseqüentes no Brasil.

Concepções políticas e educacionais de Renato Jardim na década de 1930

This article aims to analyze the political and educational conceptions of Renato Jardim, intellectual who participated actively in Brazilian educational and political scenario in the early decades of XXth century. He was responsible for educational reform initiatives and had an active participation in major debates on education that occurred at that time. The methodology is the traditional analyses of bibliography. In addition to literature specialized in this theme, this work uses the author’s autobiography published in 1946 and four books of his own published between 1932 and 1936. In political area, it examines his arguments concerning the government stated by Getúlio Vargas in 1930 and the constitutionalist movement of 1932. In educational area, the work analyses his ideas regarding the introduction of psychoanalysis in pedagogical practices and his thoughts in search of a definition for the concept of New School.

O DASP e a formação de um pensamento político-administrativo na década de 1930 no Brasil

The history and formation of the government in Brazil was, and still is, a central object of study in several fields of knowledge. Albeit with varied approaches highlight was given in the literature for two central reforms occurred between mid 1930s and mid 1990s This perception establishes a long history of Brazilian public administration, putting in their two extreme nodal points of this trajectory: the creation of DASP and the action of the MARE. Each of these institutional projects is directly linked to the conception of the role and performance of the Brazilian public administration instruments, as well as the goals to be achieved, revealing the intimate connection with the coeval political debate of each period. Based on this scenario, the objective of this study is to analyze the role of DASP as a strategic instrument in a Brazilian public "intelligentsia" in construction during the 1930s, strongly associated with a political project of modernization of Brazilian society

A fotografia e a pesquisa em história da educação: escolas paulistas na década de 1930

In the Brazilian public archives,it is not unusual to find photographs recording the daily school educational institutions since at least the early twentieth century. The historian often has conceptual difficulties in dealing with the photographic documentation as a research source. The current workproposes to present the debate over the use of photographyas a privileged source for research on Education History. Photography can be an instrument of knowledge and information for observers awayfrom the place and time in which the images originated. Its contents have been tentativelyused in researchfor the Historyof Education. The methodologyof this studywill approach the ideas proposed byBoris Kossoyand Susan Sontag on photographyas a record of realityand its use in historical research. As interlocutors with the ideas of these three authors will be presented photographs of reports from the Regional O ffice of Education in the 1930s,preserved in the Public Archives of São Paulo. It is the purpose of this study to help researchers in History of Education in methodological reflection on the use of photographs as documentarysource of research.

El conflictivo nacimiento de la Universid de São Paulo en la década de 1930

The creation of the University of São Paulo in the early 1930’s brought about arguments in the projects about its organization. The idea was to establish the Polytechnic School of São Paulo as the core of the future institution. However, the option adopted in 1934 allocated this position to the newly created Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters. This caused a strong reaction by both former professional schools that were incorporated into the university, above all the Polytechnic School. This article sets out to describe the conflicts between the Polytechnic School and the Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters during the tumultuous beginnings of the University of São Paulo.

Intelectuais brasileiros em disputa pela Escola Nova na década de 1930

In the first decades of the last century, Brazilian intellectuals played an im- portant role in the new configuration to the country reached. Brazil had then passed by rapid process of moderniza- tion. The educational field was place of contention between different currents of intellectuals. The idea was to create a new society through what is called the New School. In Brazil, unlike in Europe, most of the population had no access to school. Therefore, the New School was not privileged to critique existing school system, but the actual construction of the large Brazilian childhood schooling. Thus, we crea- ted libraries in teaching urban school groups, with the aim of improving the training of primary school teachers in the pedagogical ideas of the New School. This work has for objective to understand the conflicts among Brazi- lian intellectuals on the list of recommended readings for teacher training schools in the first half of the twentieth century. This paper presents an exam- ple of this intellectual dispute through the analysis of a Brazilian school li- brary copy of the 1930s.

Un paso de América: Alfonso Reyes, Victoria Ocampo y el cosmopolitismo en la década de 1930

[ES] El artículo trata de las construcciones americanistas del cosmopolitismo (entendido en relación a la geopolítica imperial) en los textos de Victoria Ocampo y Alfonso Reyes de los años treinta. Al analizar su relación con los movimientos de inmigración y la subsiguiente revalorización de la nación, el artículo postula que en Alfonso Reyes la mediación cosmopolita es «des-jerarquizada», ubicada casi siempre en una «periferia», a diferencia de Victoria Ocampo cuyas visiones cosmopolitas son mediadas desde un «centro» —ya sea París o Buenos Aires— y relacionadas con una jerarquía de valores estéticos y políticos.

Por fuera de la capillita literaria : Teatro popular en el Partido Socialista argentino en la década de 1930

Fil: Guiamet, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El lugar de los carnavales y de las fiestas cívico-patrióticas en las ciudades y pueblos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires durante la década de 1930

Fil: Bisso, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Por fuera de la capillita literaria : Teatro popular en el Partido Socialista argentino en la década de 1930

Fil: Guiamet, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El lugar de los carnavales y de las fiestas cívico-patrióticas en las ciudades y pueblos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires durante la década de 1930

Fil: Bisso, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.