961 resultados para Coordenadas


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Acotaciones matemáticas del Curso Preuniversitario sobre las coordenadas esféricas, la inversión en el espacio y la proyección estereográfica, según el profesor del Instituto de Enseñanza Media de Toledo, Antonio Rodríguez Socorro.

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Responder a las necesidades del niño y permitirle encontrar, en una nueva familia, un ambiente afectivo satisfactorio, que al mismo tiempo sea formativo. Lo más importante es una respuesta a las necesidades de los niños. Ha de hacerse en una familia con un ambiente afectivo satisfactorio, de ahí una buena selección de las personas, que pueden acceder a la adopción. Para que el niño adoptado lleve una vida lo más normalizada posible. La adopción ha de basarse siempre en dos principios, normalización e individualización. Estos dos principios son básicos para realizar el acto de la adopción de una manera conveniente, ya que lo más importante es que los niños se integren totalmente en una comunidad determinada y se desarrollen de manera integral, para que, de esta forma, no se note que ese niño es algo diferente, o ha pasado por una experiencia algo traumática. La adopción tiene como finalidad responder a las necesidades del niño que ha sido abandonado, dándole un clima adecuado y proporcionándole una vida lo más normalizada posible. Este tema tiene implicaciones de tipo legislativo, de tipo psicológico, de tipo pedagógico, sociológico y habría que analizar todas esas vertientes. La elección de adoptantes es un tema que tiene mucha controversia y en el que hay que tomar en cuenta diversas variables, como la motivacional, situación personal y matrimonial, estabilidad emocional. El término 'adopción tardía' es confuso dándole cada autor la interpretación que desea. Lo más importante para el entendimiento del problema es el hecho de que no se puede generalizar, y hay que tener en cuenta que la historia personal de cada sujeto influye de tal manera sobre todo lo que ocurre en su vida, que no se pueden dar soluciones generales. Los niños que sufren deprivación afectiva pueden tener problemas en su desarrollo intelectual, afectivo y emocional, físico, psicomotor, social y de lenguaje. Las soluciones y orientaciones pedagógicas han de estar dirigidas a aquellos sectores en los que se puede solucionar los problemas, es decir, a las instituciones, la familia y la escuela.

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En la búsqueda por desarrollar una reflexión propia y una conciencia crítica latinoamericana, enraizada en nuestra realidad y en nuestra historia cultural, Silencio, memoria y espacio: coordenadas poéticas para explorar la obra de Juan L. Ortiz (Argentina) y Aurelio Arturo (Colombia), propone efectuar un estudio comparativo y una lectura interpretativa de la obra poética de Juan L. Ortiz y Aurelio Arturo, dos poetas paradigmáticos del siglo XX en Latinoamérica, cuya escritura, a pesar de ser fundamental en el horizonte literario de sus respectivos países, ha permanecido al margen, resistiendo a cualquier categorización. La propuesta parte de una pregunta central, que indaga sobre cuáles son los proyectos poéticos registrados en la escritura de Juan L. Ortiz y Aurelio Arturo. Partiendo de esta pregunta, se pretende establecer diálogos con sus tradiciones respectivas, ya sea nacional, hispanoamericana o mundial, para dilucidar sus continuidades y sus rupturas. En primera instancia, se explora la relación que Ortiz y Arturo establecen con el lenguaje, tomando tres ‘coordenadas poéticas’, el silencio, la memoria y el espacio, instancias que consideramos ejes articuladores de la obra de ambos autores. La lectura, al trasluz de estos conceptos nucleares, busca descifrar los sentidos y las peculiaridades de sus búsquedas estéticas, al establecer una discusión entre sus respectivos discursos poéticos –que implican una intersección de voces, coordenadas, geografías y realidades– para determinar en qué medida hay continuidades y/o rupturas. A partir de estos aspectos, la tesis dialoga con la tradición crítica y con los movimientos y grupos literarios de su época y su contexto, para destacar los aportes del ‘quehacer’ y el ‘decir’ poético que estas figuras aisladas han hecho a la poesía hispanoamericana.

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São analisados 106 pacientes submetidos a localização estereotáctica. Os procedimentos variaram de biópsias cerebrais, orientação de craniotomias, colocação de cateter em cavidade tumoral, drenagem de hematoma intracerebral e drenagem de abscesso cerebral. As orientações de craniotomias foram para MAVs, tumores e processos inflamatórios, em 21 pacientes. As biópsias cerebrais estereotácticas para diagnóstico anatomopatológico apresentaram um índice de positividade de 87,50 % com complicações em 1,20 %, em 82 casos. São analisadas estatisticamente as variáveis como: idade, sexo, procedimento realizado, diagnóstico anatomopatológico e volume das lesões. É discutida a imprecisão na aquisição e cálculo das coordenadas estereotácticas com a TC do encéfalo e verificada a precisão do método estereotomográfico com a utilização de um phanton. O maior erro das coordenadas foi de 6,8 mm.

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This work presents the design and construction of an X-Y table of two degrees of freedom, as well as the development of a fuzzy system for its position and trajectory control. The table is composed of two bases that move perpendicularly to each other in the horizontal plane, and are driven by two DC motors. Base position is detected by position sensors attached to the motor axes. A data acquisition board performs the interface between a laptop and the plant. The fuzzy system algorithm was implemented in LabVIEW® programming environment that processes the sensors signals and determines the control variables values that drive the motors. Experimental results using position reference signals (step type signal) and straight and circular paths reference signals are presented to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of fuzzy system

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GPS active networks are more and more used in geodetic surveying and scientific experiments, as water vapor monitoring in the atmosphere and lithosphere plate movement. Among the methods of GPS positioning, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has provided very good results. A characteristic of PPP is related to the modeling and/or estimation of the errors involved in this method. The accuracy obtained for the coordinates can reach few millimeters. Seasonal effects can affect such accuracy if they are not consistent treated during the data processing. Coordinates time series analyses have been realized using Fourier or Harmonics spectral analyses, wavelets, least squares estimation among others. An approach is presented in this paper aiming to investigate the seasonal effects included in the stations coordinates time series. Experiments were carried out using data from stations Manaus (NAUS) and Fortaleza (BRFT) which belong to the Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (RBMC). The coordinates of these stations were estimated daily using PPP and were analyzed through wavelets for identification of the periods of the seasonal effects (annual and semi-annual) in each time series. These effects were removed by means of a filtering process applied in the series via the least squares adjustment (LSQ) of a periodic function. The results showed that the combination of these two mathematical tools, wavelets and LSQ, is an interesting and efficient technique for removal of seasonal effects in time series.

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In general, a land-based mobile mapping system is featured by a vehicle with a pair of video cameras mounted on the top and positioning and navigation sensors loaded in the vehicle. Considering the pair of video cameras mounted on the roof of the vehicle as a stereo camera pointing forward with both optical axes parallel to each other and orthogonal to the stereo base, whose length is 0.94 m, this paper aims at analyzing the interior and exterior camera orientation and the object point coordinates estimated by phototriangulation when the length constraint related to the stereo base is considered or not. The results show that the stereo base constraint has effect ouver the convergence estimation, but does it neither improves the object point coordinate estimation at significance level of 5% and nor it influences the interior orientation parameters. Finally, it has been noticed that the optical axes are not truly parallel to each other and orthogonal to the stereo base. Additionally, it has been observed that there is a convergence of approximately 0.5 degrees in the optical axes and they are not in the same plane (approximately 0.8 degrees deviation).

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Based on North American Functional Linguistic Theory, our proposal is to describe and analyze the use of verb CHEGAR in verbal periphrasis such as [CHEGAR (E) + V2], where CHEGAR does not demonstrate a significance linked to physical movement. In linguistic literature, such periphrasis has been attributed several functions, related to aspectualization, emphasis of negative segments, and construction of mental spaces, among others. This study considers that the function of verb CHEGAR in the periphrasis in question is to indicate a global aspect, emphasizing a range of semantic-pragmatic nuances such as the sudden, instantaneous, or even abrupt character of the events refered to by the principal verb of the construction (V2), and/or the taking of initiative (sudden) by the agent (in the syntactic role of periphrastic subject), and/or subjective evaluations which go from surprise to frustration. Our objectives are the following: i) to describe and analyze the semanticpragmatic, morphosyntactic and social relationships which characterize the use of CHEGAR in verbal periphrases like [CHEGAR (E) + V2] and in coordinated/juxtaposed speech in which CHEGAR is the principal verb of the first utterance and is an elocution verb and the principal verb of the second; ii) identify, based on this description and analysis, synchrony proof in the grammaticalization of CHEGAR as an auxiliary verb in the periphrasis refered to. There was observed to be a strong similarity between coordinate/juxtaposed and periphrastic constructions. Such similarities strengthen the hypothesis that the use of CHEGAR as a lexical verb in coordinate/juxtaposed structures is the origin of the use of CHEGAR in the periphrastic structure, since the many properties encountered with higher frequency in lexical use are also just as frequently used as auxiliaries. Nevertheless, between the two constructions being studied, sufficient difference can be observed to see that CHEGAR, in the periphrasis [CHEGAR (E) V2], is behaving like an auxiliary verb, and shows typical properties of these types of verbs: i) in 100% of occurrences, it does not have a complement;ii) it has a co-referential subject in 100% of cases; iii) it does not appear with intervening material between it and V2. Besides this, CHEGAR, in periphrases, is predominant in nonneutral evaluation contexts, denoted by V2. Inspired by the results obtained, we propose strategies for the discussion of the [CHEGAR (E) V2] periphrases in both elementary and high schools.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, com dados de temperatura mínima média decendial do ar (Tm) de 41 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de 1945 a 1974, se a Tm pode ser estimada em função da altitude, latitude e longitude. Para cada um dos 36 decêndios do ano, realizaram-se análise de correlação, análise de trilha das variáveis causais - altitude, latitude e longitude - sobre o efeito Tm, e estimaram-se os parâmetros do modelo das equações de regressão linear múltipla, pelo método passo a passo, com teste para saída de variáveis, considerando Tm como variável dependente e altitude, latitude e longitude como variáveis independentes. Na validação dos modelos de estimativa da Tm, usou-se o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson, entre a Tm estimada e a Tm observada em dez municípios do Estado, com dados da série de observações meteorológicas de 1975 a 2004. A temperatura mínima média decendial do ar pode ser estimada pelas coordenadas geográficas em qualquer local e decêndio, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A altitude e latitude explicam melhor a variação da Tm.

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GPS active networks are more and more used in geodetic surveying and scientific experiments, as water vapor monitoring in the atmosphere and lithosphere plate movement. Among the methods of GPS positioning, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has provided very good results. A characteristic of PPP is related to the modeling and / or estimation of the errors involved in this method. The accuracy obtained for the coordinates can reach few millimeters. Seasonal effects can affect such accuracy if they are not consistent treated during the data processing. Coordinates time series analyses have been realized using Fourier or Harmonics spectral analyses, wavelets, least squares estimation among others. An approach is presented in this paper aiming to investigate the seasonal effects included in the stations coordinates time series. Experiments were carried out using data from stations Manaus (NAUS) and Fortaleza (BRFT) which belong to the Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (RBMC). The coordinates of these stations were estimated daily using PPP and were analyzed through wavelets for identification of the periods of the seasonal effects (annual and semi-annual) in each time series. These effects were removed by means of a filtering process applied in the series via the least squares adjustment (LSQ) of a periodic function. The results showed that the combination of these two mathematical tools, wavelets and LSQ, is an interesting and efficient technique for removal of seasonal effects in time series.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

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Pós-graduação em Matemática Universitária - IGCE