Substrate nanopatterning by e-beam lithography to growth ordered arrays of III-nitride nanodetectors, white light emitters, and solar cells

III-nitride nanorods have attracted much scientific interest during the last decade because of their unique optical and electrical properties [1,2]. The high crystal quality and the absence of extended defects make them ideal candidates for the fabrication of high efficiency opto-electronic devices such as nano-photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells [1-3]. Nitride nanorods are commonly grown in the self-assembled mode by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [4]. However, self-assembled nanorods are characterized by inhomogeneous heights and diameters, which render the device processing very difficult and negatively affect the electronic transport properties of the final device. For this reason, the selective area growth (SAG) mode has been proposed, where the nanorods preferentially grow with high order on pre-defined sites on a pre-patterned substrate

Efficient phosphor-free, white light emission from ordered arrays of GaN/InGaN nanocolumnar LEDs grown by Selective Area MBE

We fabricate and characterize novel LEDs based on InGaN/GaN nanocolumns grown on patterned substrates, leading to the periodically ordered growth of emitters directly producing white light

Ordered gan/ingan nanorods arrays grown by molecular beam epitaxy for phosphor-free white light emission

The basics of the self-assembled growth of GaN nanorods on Si(111) are reviewed. Morphology differences and optical properties are compared to those of GaN layers grown directly on Si(111). The effects of the growth temperature on the In incorporation in self-assembled InGaN nanorods grown on Si(111) is described. In addition, the inclusion of InGaN quantum disk structures into selfassembled GaN nanorods show clear confinement effects as a function of the quantum disk thickness. In order to overcome the properties dispersion and the intrinsic inhomogeneous nature of the self-assembled growth, the selective area growth of GaN nanorods on both, c-plane and a-plane GaN on sapphire templates, is addressed, with special emphasis on optical quality and morphology differences. The analysis of the optical emission from a single InGaN quantum disk is shown for both polar and non-polar nanorod orientations

I. A comparison of light trap and animal bait trap Anopheline mosquito collections in Puerto Rico. II. A list of the mosquitoes of Puerto Rico,

"Reprint no. 2541 from the Public health reports, Vol. 59, no.7. February 18, pages 221-233."

Biological studies of Maine moths by light trap methods

Caption title.

The possibilities of biodiversity monitoring based on Hungarian Light Trap Networks

Our method is presented with displaying time series, consisting of the daily amount of precipitation of 100 years, which has meant a separate challenge, as the precipitation data shows significant deviations. By nowadays, mankind has changed its environment to such an extent that it has a significant effect on other species as well. The Lepidoptera data series of the National Plant Protection and Forestry Light Trap Network can be used to justify this. This network has a national coverage, a large number of collected Lepidoptera, and an available, long data series of several years. For obtaining information from these data, the setting up of an easy to manage database is necessary. Furthermore, it is important to represent our data and our results in an easily analysable and expressive way. In this article the setting up of the database is introduced, together with the presentation of a three dimensional visualization method, which depicts the long-range and seasonal changes together.

Suppression of Hydrogen Emission in a White-light Solar Flare

We present an analysis of an X-class flare that occurred on 11 June 2014 in active region NOAA 12087 using a newly developed high cadence Image
Selector operated by Astronomical Institute in Ondrejov, Czech Republic. This instrument provides spectra in the 350 - 440 nm wavelength range, which
covers the higher order Balmer lines as well as the Balmer jump at 364 nm. However, no detectable increase in these emissions were detected during
the flare, and support observations from SDO/EVE MEGS-B also show that the Lyman line series and recombination continuum were also suppressed,
particularly when compared to an M-class flare that occurred an hour earlier, and two other X-class flares on the preceding day. The X-class flare under
investigation also showed strong white light emission in SDO/HMI data, as well as an extremely hard electron spectrum ( 3.6), and
-ray emission,
from RHESSI data. This unique combination of datasets allows us to conclude that the white light emission from this flare corresponds to a black body
heated by high-energy electrons (and/or ions), as opposed to optical chromospheric emission from hydrogen.

Effects of dark or of red, blue or white light on germination of subterranean clover seeds

Dry or imbibed seeds of the negatively photoblastic burr burying subterranean clover cv. ‘Seaton Park’ were treated with dark or with red, blue or white light to evaluate the effects of light on seed germination. Dry seeds treated with constant white light, red light or blue light during 8 days and subsequently incubated in dark had final germination and duration of germination reduced, and the distribution of germination changed from highly asymmetric to symmetric respectively. Imbibing seeds incubated under constant blue or white light had final germination strongly reduced seven days after sowing (7.3% and 50.1% of the germination under dark) with significant differences between them. After transferral to dark, true complete recovery of germination of seeds treated with white light was observed 19 days after sowing, but only partial recovery in seeds treated with blue light. Results of dry and imbibed seeds are consistent with no activity of phytochromes, as expected in negatively photoblastic seeds. Results of dry seeds are seemingly contradictory because total germination data imply the inactivity of red and blue light photoreceptors, the opposite being implied by duration and shape of germination. A tentative hypothetical solution for the contradiction is presented. Results of imbibed seeds are fully consistent with cryptochromes but not with phototropins mediation of responses to light of seed germination in ‘Seaton Park’. The ecological and adaptive significance of such responses are discussed in the framework of light attenuation in soil and the requirement and ability of subterranean clover ‘Seaton Park’ to bury seeds.

Determinação do ponto de colheita e indução à abertura floral do crisântemo cultivar White Polaris em diferentes concentrações de sacarose

Realizou-se pesquisa objetivando determinar o melhor entre quatro pontos de colheita da haste floral de crisântemos de maço do tipo pompom cv. White Polaris a concentração mais adequada de sacarose para tratamento de pulsing dessas hastes: estas foram colhidas em estufa de produção comercial, nos pontos preestabelecidos e transportadas para laboratório, onde foram totalmente imersas em água de torneira, à sombra, durante três horas. Selecionaram-se as hastes pela uniformidade do seu desenvolvimento e cortaram-nas sob água na base do caule, entre 50 e 60 cm, e identificadas, o que permitiu avaliar as mudanças morfológicas associadas às inflorescências individuais. As hastes foram distribuídas e mantidas nos diferentes tratamentos de pulsing durante 24 horas, à luz branca contínua de 1.500 lux, 60 a 90% de umidade relativa do ar e temperatura ambiente de 25 ± 2°C. Após o tratamento de pulsing, as hastes foram transferidas para água destilada, permanecendo por 10 horas sob luz branca contínua, nas mesmas condições de laboratório citadas. A vida floral em vaso começou a ser avaliada na instalação do experimento, após o tratamento de pulsing, e terminou quando as folhas e pétalas perderam a turgescência e o valor decorativo. As hastes colhidas em estádio de botão (25 e 50% de abertura das inflorescências apicais) não alcançaram o ponto de abertura adequado em nenhuma das seis concentrações de sacarose (0 a 146,07 mol/m³); as concentrações de 116,9 146,1 mol/m³, porém, estimularam, em geral, a abertura de botões. Os pontos de colheita 1 e 2 (100 e 75% de abertura das inflorescências apicais respectivamente) apresentaram bons resultados em todas as concentrações de sacarose.

Manutenção da qualidade e aumento da longevidade floral de crisântemo cv. White polaris

0 objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o melhor tratamento pós-colheita para manutenção floral e aumento da longevidade de crisântemo de maço do tipo pompom (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) S. Kitamura) cv. White Polaris. Estabeleceu-se como ponto de colheita o momento em que as hastes apresentavam três inflorescências apicais com as pétalas externas em ângulo de 45° em relação à horizontal. Durante o ensaio em laboratório, as hastes, colhidas em estufa de produção comercial, após totalmente imersas em água de torneira, à sombra, durante três horas, foram cortadas sob água na base do caule entre 50 e 60 cm. As hastes foram distribuídas nos diferentes tratamentos de pulsing durante 24 horas, com luz contínua de 1.500 lux, 60 a 90% de umidade relativa do ar e temperatura ambiente de 25 ± 2°C. No primeiro experimento, testou-se a eficiência de 8-hidroxiquinolina (8-HQ) e tiabendazole (TBZ) como germicidas de manutenção da qualidade na solução de pulsing; testaram-se, também, dois reguladores de crescimento, a saber: ácido giberélico (GA3), 6-benzilaminopurina (6-BA) ou a mistura dos dois, com o objetivo de preservar a cor e a turgidez da folhagem. Os melhores resultados foram com 8-HQ (0,69 mol/m³) e GA3 (0,058 mo1/m³). No segundo experimento, avaliaram-se os seguintes inibidores de etileno: tiossulfato de prata (STS), nitrato de prata (AgNO3) e cloreto de cobalto (COC1(2)). A melhor resposta foi obtida com AgNO3 (2,9 e 4,4 mo1/m³).

Influence of light and temperature on seed germination of Cereus pernambucensis Lemaire (Cactaceae)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of light and temperature on germination of Cereus pernambucensis seeds, a species of columnar cactus native to Brazil and naturally incident in the restinga. Cereus pernambucensis seeds were incubated under different temperatures, from 5 to 45 °C, with 5 °C intervals, and under alternating temperatures of 15-20 °C, 15-30 °C, 20-25 °C, 20-30 °C, 20-35 °C, 25-30 °C, 25-35 °C, and 30-35 °C, both under continuous white light and dark. The seeds were also incubated in a gradient of phytochrome photoequilibrium at 25 °C. The highest percentage germination in this species was between 25 and 30 °C. The minimum temperature was between 15 and 20 °C and the maximum between 35 and 40 °C. Alternating temperatures did not affect the percentage of seed germination, but it did alter the rate and synchronization indexes. Seeds incubated in the dark did not germinate under any of the conditions tested, indicating that this species when cultivated present light sensitive seeds controlled by phytochrome. The seeds can tolerate a lot of shade conditions, germinating under very low fluence response of phytochrome.

The influence of light spectra, UV-A, and growth regulators on the in vitro seed germination of Senecio cineraria DC.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of light spectra, additional UV-A, and different growth regulators on the in vitro germination of Senecio cineraria DC. Seeds were surface-sterilized and inoculated in MS medium to evaluate the following light spectra: white, white plus UV-A, blue, green, red or darkness. The maximum germinability was obtained using MS0 medium under white light (30%) and MS + 0.3 mg L-1 GA3 in the absence of light (30.5%). S. cineraria seeds were indifferent to light. Blue and green lights inhibited germination. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.1; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) and indole-3-acetic acid IAA (0.1; 0.3 and 1.0 mg L-1) were evaluated under white light and darkness. No concentration of GA3 enhanced seed germination percentage under white light. However, when the seeds were maintained in darkness, GA3 improved germination responses in all tested concentrations, except at 1.0 mg L-1. Under white light, these concentrations also increased the germination time and reduced germination rate. Germination rate, under light or darkness, was lower using IAA compared with GA3.

Light-controlled resistive switching in laser-assisted annealed Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films

In this work, Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BST)/ITO structures were grown on glass substrate and laser assisted annealing (LAA) was performed to promote the crystallization of BST. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirm the crack free and polycrystalline perovskite phase of BST. White light controlled resistive switching (RS) effect in Au/BST/ITO device is investigated. The device displays the electroforming-free bipolar RS characteristics and are explained by the modulationof the width and height of barrier at the BST/ITO interface via ferroelectric polarization. Moreover, the RS effect is signifi- cantly improved under white light illumination compared to that in the dark. The enhanced RS and photovoltaic effects are explained by considering depolarization field and charge distribution at the interface. The devices exhibit stable retention characteristics with low currents (mA), which make them attractive for non volatile memory devices.

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Phlebotomine sand flies are often captured with human bait and/or light traps, either with or without an animal bait. More recently, synthetic attractants have been used as bait in traps to improve the capture of phlebotomine sand flies as well as other insects of medical and veterinary importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the kairomone 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and the synthetic human odor BG-Mesh LureTM (BGML - lactic acid, caproic acid and ammonia) baited in modified CDC light traps on the capture of phlebotomine sand flies. The experiments followed the 5x5 Latin square design. Among the species caught, Lutzomyia intermedia apparently presented a dose-dependent response to octenol. The response obtained with the BGML, alone or in combination with octenol (5 mg/h), indicated some degree of attractiveness of these baits to different phlebotomine sand fly species. Octenol seems to be more attractive to L. intermedia than to Lutzomyia longipalpis, while the BGML presented a higher success in capturing L. longipalpis. When the components of the BGML were used separately, there was no increase in catching the female of L. intermedia. Apparently, there was no synergistic effect between the octenol and the BGML. In conclusion, the octenol and the BGML were demonstrated to be possible baits to attract some phlebotomine sand fly species.