1000 resultados para Construção em pedra
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Pesquisas prévias demonstraram a eficiência de cordões de pedra em contorno na redução do comprimento de encostas, no decréscimo das taxas de enxurradas e de erosão, na retenção de sedimentos e de nutrientes e no decréscimo do assoreamento de reservatórios. O dimensionamento desse benefício em termos de produtividade do solo em regiões semi-áridas, entretanto, não fora ainda estabelecido. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no sentido de determinar os efeitos de cordões de pedra em contorno na produtividade de um solo litólico, determinada nas áreas de remoção do solo e nos locais onde os sedimentos eram retidos e depositados, treze anos após sua construção. O experimento foi executado em Quixadá (CE), de março a julho de 1994. A produtividade natural do solo, não alterada por fertilizantes, foi avaliada em termos de rendimentos de feijão-de-corda e de milho e sua produção de biomassa. Em áreas de deposição, onde os sedimentos foram retidos pelos cordões de pedra em contorno, os aumentos no número de vagens por planta, no número e no peso de grãos por planta, e no rendimento de feijão-de-corda, foram, respectivamente, de 48,6, 140,0, 86,4 e 85,5%, quando comparados a esses parâmetros determinados nas áreas de remoção do solo. A produção de milho também foi afetada beneficativamente pelos cordões de pedra em contorno, posto que a altura das plantas, o comprimento das espigas e o rendimento foram, respectivamente, 12,3 e 20,7% maiores nos locais de deposição em relação às áreas de remoção do solo.
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Em face de suas características de moderada a alta erodibilidade e pequena profundidade efetiva, os solos litólicos requerem eficientes práticas conservacionistas no sentido de protegerem sua estreita camada arável, que é ameaçada por altas taxas de erosão em regiões semi-áridas do Estado do Ceará. Conhecem-se bem as conseqüências da erosão nesses solos, porém são escassas as pesquisas sobre os efeitos, a longo prazo, das práticas conservacionistas sobre a intensidade de perdas de solo, bem como sobre o melhoramento de suas propriedades. Treze anos após a construção de cordões de pedra em contorno, a massa de sedimentos retida e as mudanças que esta prática de controle da erosão induziu nas características químicas, físicas e topográficas de um solo litólico foram avaliadas. O experimento foi executado em Quixadá (CE), de março a julho de 1994. Sob declive de 0,03 mm-1, essa prática conservacionista reteve uma média de 60 t ha-1 ano-1 de sedimentos em camadas de até 0,30 m de espessura ao longo das barreiras de pedra. As deposições, provocadas por esses obstáculos às enxurradas, formaram, progressivamente, patamares pelo nivelamento natural da superfície original do terreno. Essa prática conservacionista induziu expressivos melhoramentos na qualidade do solo relacionados à elevação dos seguintes parâmetros: profundidade efetiva, porosidade, água disponível, matéria orgânica, nitrogênio, soma de bases, saturação de bases e capacidade de troca de cátions; por outro lado, verificou-se um decréscimo de alumínio nas camadas de sedimentos retidos pelos cordões de pedra, ao longo dos treze anos de controle da erosão.
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The sharp consumption of natural resources by the construction industry has motivated numerous studies concerning the application of waste to replace partially or fully, some materials, such as aggregates, thereby reducing the environmental impact caused by the extraction of sand and crushing process. The application of stone dust from crushing process arising as an aggregate for the production of Portland cement concrete is a viable alternative in view of the high cost of natural sands, in addition to the environmental damage which causes its operation to the environment. The stone dust has reduced cost compared to natural sand because it is produced in the beds of their own quarries, which are usually located close to major urban centers. This study examined the feasibility of using stone dust from the crushing of rock gneisses in the state of Bahia, replacing natural quartz sand. In the development of scientific study was conducted to characterize physical and chemical raw materials applied and molded cylindrical specimens , using as reference values Fck 20, Fck 25 and Fck 30 MPa ( resistance characteristic of the concrete after 28 days) in following compositions stone powder: 10%, 30%, 50 %, 100% and 100% with additive. The specimens were cured and subjected to the tests of compressive strength and water absorption, then the samples were subjected to the tests of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed that the composition with 10% stone powder showed the best results regarding the physical and mechanical tests performed, confirming the reduction in compressive strength and increased water uptake increased as the content of the powder stone in the concrete composition
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The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural raw materials, and concrete is considered today the most used material wide. This accentuated consumption of natural resources has generated concern with the preservation of the environment, and has motivated various studies related to the use of resid ues, which can partially or entirely substitute, with satisfactory performance, some materials such as the aggregate, and in so doing, decrease the impact on the environment caused by the produced residues. Research has been done to better understand and improve the microstructure of concrete, as well as to understand the mechanism of corrosion in reinforced steel. In this context, this work was developed aiming at discovering the influence of the substitution of natural sand by artificial sand, with rega rd to mechanical resistance, microstructure, and durability. To obtain the electrochemical parameters, an adaptation was made to the galvanostatic electrochemical method to study the corrosion in reinforced steel. Concretes of categories 20 MPa and 40 MPa were produced, containing natural sand, and concretes of the same categories were produced with artificial sand substituting the natural sand, and with the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. Due to the use of rock dust reject (artificial sand), an evaluation was made of its environmental risk. The results indicate that the concretes of category 20 MPa present a better performance than the concrete made with natural sand, thus making it a viable substitute. For the category 40 MPa, the better performance is from the concrete containing natural sand. The adaptation of the galvanostatic electrochemical technique to the study of the corrosion of reinforced steel within concrete proved to be valid for obtaining electrochemical parameters with a high degree of reliability, considering the number of degrees of freedom
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As the space and the city are objects of desires, interests, seduction, sedition, appropriations, battles, victories, defeats, require to be analyzed historically. This research investigates and discusses the construction of public spaces in Jardim do Seridó City, backwoods of Rio Rio Grande do Norte, in the first decades of twentieth century, when the municipality was chaired by Heráclio Pires Fernandes, who ruled from 1917 to 1930 and was graduated from the University of Pharmacy of Recife, where he contacted the architectural, political and artistic influences circulating in the capital of Pernambuco. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the space of Jardim earns statements and practices, against the discourse of modernity, which sought to justify the title of Veneza Seridoense . At the time, the city had undergone several transformations in its public spaces through the construction of the Butchery, the Market, the Public Roads connecting the city to other urban centers, the building of the Bridge of the Pedra Lavrada Farm, the Elementary School Antônio de Azevedo , the creation of the Music Band Euterpe Jardinense , the Literary and Recreative Guild, the pavilion, the paving, tree planting, lighting, streets naming and listing of the annual painting of households, the arrival of automobiles, mail and telegraph. The construction of these new sceneries and the arrival of equipments generated impacts in the daily life of the population and were received differentiated ways by individuals involved in the process, which shows the tension between old and new, the relationship between history and space
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The Family Scolarship Program while public politics of intersectorial form developed by Social Development Department and Famine Combat having with partner the Education Department and Health Department inaugurate in the country a new integrity way of the public politics, reinforcing a precept of 2004 Social Protection National Politics (PNAS 2004) that places the social protection while allied to the social and human development. The research INCOME TRANSFER AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: the family scolarship program in Pedra Grande-RN municipally had as aim to avaluate the permanent Family Scolarship Program as a possible element in local development of Pedra Grande-RN municipally understood as capacity expansion and improvement of life quality from its users. For this means we elaborate specifically the families` socio-economical profile; we avaluate the program repercussion in these families` lives; we analyse in which proportion occurred the capacity expansion and improvement of life quality of the users. The methodologic process was constituted by: literarture review about Income Transfer, Social Vulnerability, Development and Public Politics Avaluation to the criation of a theoric picture analysis. The documental research joined to the Social Development Department and Famine Combat of Pedra Grande Municipally Hall to obtain of the aims, program goals, and the profile of users. And finally, carrying out the interviews with the managers and experts of the Municipally Program and focal groups with the users to avaluate the permanent of the Program starting by the points of view of those ones. It was verified that the program expand the capacity (food, consumer goods and services, bank services access and wages) and improvement in life quality of the users. Nevertheless, there are deficiencies in coming with conditionality and from the use of resources the by families users
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS
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The sharp consumption of natural resources by the construction industry has motivated numerous studies concerning the application of waste to replace partially or fully, some materials, such as aggregates, thereby reducing the environmental impact caused by the extraction of sand and crushing process. The application of stone dust from crushing process arising as an aggregate for the production of Portland cement concrete is a viable alternative in view of the high cost of natural sands, in addition to the environmental damage which causes its operation to the environment. The stone dust has reduced cost compared to natural sand because it is produced in the beds of their own quarries, which are usually located close to major urban centers. This study examined the feasibility of using stone dust from the crushing of rock gneisses in the state of Bahia, replacing natural quartz sand. In the development of scientific study was conducted to characterize physical and chemical raw materials applied and molded cylindrical specimens , using as reference values Fck 20, Fck 25 and Fck 30 MPa ( resistance characteristic of the concrete after 28 days) in following compositions stone powder: 10%, 30%, 50 %, 100% and 100% with additive. The specimens were cured and subjected to the tests of compressive strength and water absorption, then the samples were subjected to the tests of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed that the composition with 10% stone powder showed the best results regarding the physical and mechanical tests performed, confirming the reduction in compressive strength and increased water uptake increased as the content of the powder stone in the concrete composition
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The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural raw materials, and concrete is considered today the most used material wide. This accentuated consumption of natural resources has generated concern with the preservation of the environment, and has motivated various studies related to the use of resid ues, which can partially or entirely substitute, with satisfactory performance, some materials such as the aggregate, and in so doing, decrease the impact on the environment caused by the produced residues. Research has been done to better understand and improve the microstructure of concrete, as well as to understand the mechanism of corrosion in reinforced steel. In this context, this work was developed aiming at discovering the influence of the substitution of natural sand by artificial sand, with rega rd to mechanical resistance, microstructure, and durability. To obtain the electrochemical parameters, an adaptation was made to the galvanostatic electrochemical method to study the corrosion in reinforced steel. Concretes of categories 20 MPa and 40 MPa were produced, containing natural sand, and concretes of the same categories were produced with artificial sand substituting the natural sand, and with the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. Due to the use of rock dust reject (artificial sand), an evaluation was made of its environmental risk. The results indicate that the concretes of category 20 MPa present a better performance than the concrete made with natural sand, thus making it a viable substitute. For the category 40 MPa, the better performance is from the concrete containing natural sand. The adaptation of the galvanostatic electrochemical technique to the study of the corrosion of reinforced steel within concrete proved to be valid for obtaining electrochemical parameters with a high degree of reliability, considering the number of degrees of freedom
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O município mineiro de Moeda adotou a Estratégia de Saúde da Família em 2003, contando, atualmente, com duas Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) implantadas, cada qual apresentando uma Equipe de Saúde Bucal (ESB). A estratégia em saúde bucal adotada pelas mesmas tem sido, nos últimos sete anos, sistematicamente voltada aos escolares, remontando ao Sistema Incremental, adotado na década de 50. Contrapondo-se ao relativo êxito obtido em termos de melhores indicadores de saúde bucal dos escolares da rede municipal, tem sido observado um elevado índice de faltas às consultas odontológicas agendadas dos mesmos, com seus impactos à saúde e custos ao sistema. O presente estudo, exploratório e, predominantemente descritivo, propõe, como indicado por sua caracterização, a descrição do absenteísmo às consultas odontológicas programadas para os escolares do 2º período ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal, adscritos à ESF da Pedra Vermelha, com idades variando de cinco a 19 anos, no período de abril de 2009 a março de 2010. A revisão de literatura foi realizada a partir de consultas à base de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, Biblioteca Digital da USP, Rede de Bibliotecas da Fiocruz e Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMG, no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: mês da consulta agendada; dia da semana do agendamento; sexo do escolar; escola em que estuda; série; microárea em que reside; sua faixa etária; profissional responsável pelo seu atendimento e sua codificação de acordo com o nível de necessidade curativa (N1: escolar que apresenta seis ou mais dentes cariados; N2: de quatro a cinco dentes cariados; N3: até três dentes cariados; SN: sem necessidades curativas). A análise estatística foi realizada com o Programa R, a partir do teste não-paramétrico do Qui-Quadrado e do Modelo Logístico. O Teste de Pearson e o Envelope de Probabilidade comprovaram a adequação global do modelo estatístico utilizado. Foram encontradas associações significativas (p 0,05) da variável principal com duas variáveis: codificação do escolar e dia da semana. Os agendamentos relativos a escolares codificados como N3, apresentaram duas vezes mais não comparecimentos, comparando-se às demais codificações. Os agendamentos às sextas-feiras apresentaram aproximadamente duas vezes mais comparecimentos, quando comparados aos demais dias da semana. A partir dos resultados foram formuladas hipóteses explicativas para o absenteísmo às consultas, visando à construção de um conhecimento útil que, associado a abordagens qualitativas posteriores, possa subsidiar uma intervenção sobre a realidade. A alta prevalência do absenteísmo no período analisado, 28,52, repercute negativamente no âmbito da abordagem clínica e saúde bucal dos escolares, e impacta a eficiência da ESB na utilização da capacidade instalada, o que representa prejuízo também institucional, constituindo-se, pois, em um desafio a ser superado.