Redes para la recepción y asistencia a los exiliados argentinos y uruguayos en las posdictaduras

En el marco de los procesos de democratización política del Cono Sur, los exiliados políticos argentinos y uruguayos iniciaron gradualmente los retornos hacia sus países de origen. Como parte de ese proceso, y sobre todo entre 1983 y 1986, en Argentina y en Uruguay comenzaron a germinar distintas organizaciones sociales que se preocuparon por responder a esos regresos y ayudar a los exiliados en su reinserción en el país. Este artículo indaga en las respuestas de ambas sociedades en dos claves vinculadas. En primer lugar, recupera en el proceso de formulación de ciertas medidas y programas para la reinserción de retornados un fuerte intercambio de conocimientos, inquietudes y modos de trabajo entre las organizaciones sociales argentinas y las uruguayas. Así, este trabajo rompe con las comparaciones en sentido estricto para detenerse a explorar la formación de una red de trabajo asistencial entre distintos actores de ambas orillas. En segundo lugar, este trabajo se detiene a reflexionar sobre una tensión que se desprende de la red: a pesar de las mutuas influencias, los programas de asistencia tuvieron diferencias importantes entre ambos casos. En consecuencia, este artículo ofrece algunas interpretaciones posibles sobre estas diferencias que se insertan en el marco de las "transiciones democráticas" de cada país y, especialmente, de los lugares que el tema del retorno tuvo en cada agenda posdictadura

Redes para la recepción y asistencia a los exiliados argentinos y uruguayos en las posdictaduras

En el marco de los procesos de democratización política del Cono Sur, los exiliados políticos argentinos y uruguayos iniciaron gradualmente los retornos hacia sus países de origen. Como parte de ese proceso, y sobre todo entre 1983 y 1986, en Argentina y en Uruguay comenzaron a germinar distintas organizaciones sociales que se preocuparon por responder a esos regresos y ayudar a los exiliados en su reinserción en el país. Este artículo indaga en las respuestas de ambas sociedades en dos claves vinculadas. En primer lugar, recupera en el proceso de formulación de ciertas medidas y programas para la reinserción de retornados un fuerte intercambio de conocimientos, inquietudes y modos de trabajo entre las organizaciones sociales argentinas y las uruguayas. Así, este trabajo rompe con las comparaciones en sentido estricto para detenerse a explorar la formación de una red de trabajo asistencial entre distintos actores de ambas orillas. En segundo lugar, este trabajo se detiene a reflexionar sobre una tensión que se desprende de la red: a pesar de las mutuas influencias, los programas de asistencia tuvieron diferencias importantes entre ambos casos. En consecuencia, este artículo ofrece algunas interpretaciones posibles sobre estas diferencias que se insertan en el marco de las "transiciones democráticas" de cada país y, especialmente, de los lugares que el tema del retorno tuvo en cada agenda posdictadura

JORNALISMO UTILITÁRIO - TEORIA E PRÁTICA: Fundamentos, História e Modalidades de Serviço na Imprensa Brasileira

Compreender as características e as formas do jornalismo utilitário é o objetivo desta pesquisa. Conhecido também como jornalismo de serviço ou de interesse público, trata-se de um gênero jornalístico a partir do momento em que as mensagens se organizam em modalidades, agregando em seu discurso finalidades próprias, orientação e guia. Para a sua compreensão, realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico com interesse particular de entender as propriedades do jornalismo utilitário, bem como a sua identificação enquanto gênero. No segundo momento, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando a técnica de análise documental em jornais brasileiros de referência. Ao final, verificou-se que a evolução das formas e conteúdo dá-se em três fases não excludentes: 1. A publicação dos serviços práticos no início da imprensa do Brasil; 2. A produção dos conselhos, em destaque no século XX; 3. O gênero utilitário como complemento de outros gêneros, prática consolidada no século XIX. E por fim, com proposta didática, a tese apresenta uma taxionomia para o gênero utilitário.

Millennials, entrepreneurs and the Hungarian workplace of the future the preliminary findings of a pilot study

Existing research into generational differences in Hungary was based primarily on adapting findings from studies undertaken in Western Countries. If we consider not only the comparative history and wealth but also the cultural differences between Hungary and the countries in which these studies took place, then the apparent adaptability is brought into question. This study aims to examine the nature of millennial students in Hungary by building up the characteristics from the ground up rather than adapting data from other countries. The findings of the pilot study indicate that the instrument is of suitable length and clarity, and that a printed format is the most likely to produce a high response rate, despite its disadvantages. The findings also confirm the results of previous studies concerning the preference of students in Hungary for a clan type of organisation. There are also initial indications that Hungarian millennials have a high potential for entrepreneurialism.

"Ad nostram scientiam referatur": la supervisión administrativa imperial de la aplicación de las leyes durante la dinastía constantiniana

Constantino y sus sucesores, Constancio II, Constante y Juliano, expresaron su particular interés por supervisar la aplicación de determinadas leyes imperiales mediante el uso de la fórmula ad nostram scientiam referatur y de otras similares. Constantino fue el príncipe que la empleó con más frecuencia, especialmente durante el período de 313-324, exceptuando el intervalo de 315-316, cuando la confrontación con Licinio le obligó a renunciar a atender directamente las cuestiones administrativas. La progresiva disminución de la inclusión de estas cláusulas en los textos legales imperiales a partir de la unificación del Imperio en 324 se debe poner en relación con la aparición de los curiosi y luego de los agentes in rebus, como oficiales encargados de vigilar la observancia de las normas vigentes.

Forme (形 XING) e Visioni (象 XIANG): Nuove prospettive di ricerca per una storia comparata della Screendance in Europa e in Cina

La presente tesi si propone di trattare il soggetto della screendance, giovane disciplina in continua definizione nata combinando cinema e coreografia, da una prospettiva alternativa, coerente con le ultime trasformazioni sociali. La ricerca, suddivisa in quattro parti, inizia da una ricognizione critica sulla terminologia utilizzata per indicare la screendance nel suo sviluppo storico in Europa e in Cina durante il XX secolo. Adoperando una metodologia basata sugli strumenti della storiografia comparativa, vengono utilizzati come chiavi di lettura i due concetti taoisti di xiang o visione e xing o forma, l’uno riferito al contesto culturale, storico e artistico di una data società umana in un dato periodo storico, e l’altro alludente alle forme artistiche specifiche definite da quei principi. Nel focalizzarsi sul confronto tra i differenti sviluppi della screendance nel corso del XX secolo in Europa e in Cina, nella seconda parte, la tesi affronta una comparazione diacronica delle trasformazioni di xiang delle due aree geografiche, insieme a una comparazione sincronica delle xing, rendendo più evidenti analogie e divergenze di numerosi case studies occidentali e cinesi.  Uno sguardo sul panorama europeo, attento alle differenze nella disseminazione della screendance attraverso i festival in Gran Bretagna, Francia, Belgio e Italia, costituisce il focus della terza parte. Con la quarta ed ultima parte, la tesi riserva ampio spazio alla disamina della situazione contemporanea della screendance, seguendone la diffusione negli ultimi quattro decenni attraverso i festival e, più recentemente, i nuovi canali social di creazione e condivisione di contenuti video, e prospettando un futuro in cui la realtà della screendance europea e quella cinese potranno confrontare le proprie identità culturali. Il ricco apparato documentario include un elenco dei festival di screendance europei e cinesi, e una serie di interviste inedite ai maggiori operatori e professionisti del settore, italiani ed europei.

The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals : and an introduction to comparative anatomy.

3 (Plates)

The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals : and an introduction to comparative anatomy.

3 (Index)

Comparative genomics of the odorant-binding and chemosensory protein gene families across the arthropoda: origin and evolutionary history of the chemosensory system

Chemoreception is a biological process essential for the survival of animals, as it allows the recognition of important volatile cues for the detection of food, egg-laying substrates, mates or predators, among other purposes. Furthermore, its role in pheromone detection may contribute to evolutionary processes such as reproductive isolation and speciation. This key role in several vital biological processes makes chemoreception a particularly interesting system for studying the role of natural selection in molecular adaptation. Two major gene families are involved in the perireceptor events of the chemosensory system: the odorant-binding protein (OBP) and chemosensory protein (CSP) families. Here, we have conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic analysis of these gene families in twenty Arthropoda species. We show that the evolution of the OBP and CSP gene families is highly dynamic, with a high number of gains and losses of genes, pseudogenes and independent origins of subfamilies. Taken together, our data clearly support the birth-and-death model for the evolution of these gene families with an overall high gene-turnover rate. Moreover, we show that the genome organization of the two families is significantly more clustered than expected by chance and, more important, that this pattern appears to be actively maintained across the Drosophila phylogeny. Finally, we suggest the homologous nature of the OBP and CSP gene families, dating back their MRCA (most recent common ancestor) to 380¿420 Mya, and we propose a scenario for the origin and diversification of these families.

The multicultural moment : the history of the idea and politics of multiculturalism in Sweden in comparative, transnational and biographical context, 1964–1975

The emergence of the idea of multiculturalism in Swedish public discourse and social science in the latter half of the 1960s and introduction of official multiculturalism in 1975 constituted a major intellectual and political shift in the post-war history of Sweden. The ambition of the 1975 immigrant and minority policy to enable the preservation of ethno-cultural minorities and to create a positive attitude towards the new multicultural society among the majority population was also incorporated into Swedish cultural, educational and media policies. The rejection of assimilationism and the new commitment to ethno-cultural diversity, the multicultural moment, has earned Sweden a place on the list of the early adopters of official multiculturalism, together with Canada and Australia. This compilation thesis examines the origins and early post-war history of the idea of multiculturalism as well as the interplay between idea and politics in the shift from a public ideal of homogeneity to an ideal of multiculturalism in Sweden. It does so from a range of conceptual, comparative, transnational, and biographical perspectives. The thesis consists of an introduction (Part I) and four previously published studies (Part II). The primary research result of the thesis concerns the agency involved in the break-through and formal establishment of the idea of multiculturalism in Sweden. Actors such as ethnic activists, experts and officials were instrumental in the introduction and establishment of multiculturalism in Sweden, as they also had been in Canada and in Australia. These actors have, however, not previously been recognized and analysed as significant idea-makers and political agents in the case of Sweden. The intertwined connections between activists, social scientists, linguists, and officials facilitated the transfer of the idea of multiculturalism from a publically contested idea to public policy via the way of The Swedish Trade Union Confederation, academia and the Royal Commission of Immigration. The thesis furthermore shows that the political success of the idea of multiculturalism, such as it was within the limits of the universalist social democratic welfare state, was dependent on whom the claims-makers were, the status and positions they held, and the way the idea of multiculturalism was conceptualised and used. It was also dependent on the migratory context of labour immigration in the 1960s and 1970s and on whose behalf the advocates of multiculturalism made their claims. The majority of the labour immigrants were Finnish citizens from the former eastern half of the kingdom of Sweden who were net contributors to the Swedish welfare state. This facilitated the recognition of their ethno-cultural difference, and, following the logic of universalism, the ethno-cultural difference of other minority groups in Sweden. The historical significance of the multicultural moment is still evident in the contemporary immigration and integration policies of Sweden. The affirmation of diversity continues to set Sweden apart from the rest of Europe, now more so than in the 1970s, even though the migratory context has changed radically in the last 40 years.

Soviet history in hindsight : a comparative study of history textbooks in Russia, Ukraine and Estonia between 1980 and 2010

L’effondrement du communisme en 1991 en Russie a conduit à la révision des manuels scolaires d’histoire en Russie et dans les anciennes républiques de l’URSS. Ce travail propose d’évaluer l’histoire récente post-communiste enseignée dans les classes supérieures du secondaire dans trois pays post-communistes. Nous allons s’attarder sur la présentation des divers périodes historiques de l’histoire Soviétique dans les manuels scolaires d’histoire en Russie, Ukraine et Estonie. Ce travail tente également d’examiner les diverses approches dans l’enseignement d’histoire dans ces trois pays, ainsi que de répondre à la question comment les nouveaux manuels redéfinissent la perception de la culture et d’histoire des élèves dans chaque pays.

A Comparative Chronology of the History of Eastern Europe and the Climate

Two main areas were examined in this project: * The detailed climatic history of the second part of the Holocene (approximately the last 5500 calendar years) for the Zapadnodvinskaya lowland, making it possible to reconstruct general climatic changes in eastern Europe (taking other palynological, dendrochronological, historical and instrumental data into account). * The most important historical events for the period of the 9th-17th centuries that had an impact on Russian history. The comparative chronology of the main climatic changes and events of Russian social history showed that as local climatic conditions became worse (i.e. falling average annual temperature or precipitation rate) the density of significant events in society rose. This suggests that climatic deterioration is both a stimulus and an outstanding factor in social development.