A tradução audiovisual: os desafios da áudio-descrição

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tradução e Interpretação Especializadas, sob orientação de Doutora Sandra Ribeiro “Esta versão contém as críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri.”

L’approche dialogique dans les comités d’éthique clinique en Amérique du nord

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux processus communicationnels utilisés dans les comités d’éthique clinique (CEC) en Amérique du nord dans leur fonction de consultation. Selon la littérature, les CEC bénéficieraient de «pay closer attention to group process [as an] effective communication in a HEC is essential to a committee’s function» (Berchelmann and Blechner 2002 p.143). Or, très peu de données sur les dynamiques de groupe et les modes de communication en CEC sont disponibles. Ce travail cherche à savoir si l’approche dialogique peut être utile au soutien des discussions de groupe des CEC. Dans un premier temps, une revue de littérature rend compte, à partir de son historique, de l’état actuel des CEC. Sont ensuite explorées et analysées, dans leurs avantages et leurs limites, les diverses méthodes utilisées afin de mener les discussions dans le cadre des consultations. Dans un deuxième temps, les barrières communicationnelles qui affectent potentiellement les CEC sont identifiées. Par la suite, afin d’améliorer le processus de communication (et diminuer l’effet des barrières), une nouvelle piste de solution est proposée : le dialogue tel que développé par le milieu organisationnel. Le dialogue est alors conceptualisé et mis en lien avec les besoins des CEC en matière de communication. Bien que le dialogue propose plusieurs contributions avantageuses pour les CEC et leurs membres, certaines contraintes réduisent sa faisabilité d’une façon globale dans le contexte particulier des CEC. Par contre, en l’utilisant comme formation complémentaire, le dialogue permet le développement de l’individu et du groupe et demeure une approche intéressante et utile pour les CEC qui éprouvent des difficultés systémiques et comprennent les implications de sa démarche.

The effects of facilitation on punctuated equilibrium in e-collaboration projects

Information technology has transformed the “heartland” of education around the world. Classrooms are global, students international, but traditional methods and their adjacent challenges persist or are exacerbated in online schoolhouses. There is reason to believe that team performance of online students completing team projects can be significantly improved by the active participation of a facilitator. What could explain such improvement? Given the communication barriers that learners can experience using e-learning technologies, the skill of a teacher at facilitating an understanding of e-collaboration and the prescient need to facilitate collaborative skills at all times is essential to a successful educational result. There may also be generational learning style issues to consider. One practical, proven tool is progress reporting. This paper reviews the literature and reflects on author experiences in the online education of Management students at universities in the United States and Australia to draw theoretical connections with communication, leadership, and punctuated equilibrium relevant to contemporary educational practice. The implications of effective facilitation of student teams for Management education and management of student performance are explored.

Building a connected community of learners : the postgraduate peer mentor program

Student peer mentor programs are recognised as a valid component of a multi-faceted strategy to improve student engagement within higher education. This paper reports some preliminary results from research investigating how such programs help support diverse student needs in a multicultural environment. Our results are from a study of a pilot postgraduate student peer mentoring program set up to support new students in the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University, Australia. The postgraduate student body at Deakin is quite diverse and includes a large proportion of international students. We present examples to show how a peer mentoring program can improve the social engagement of students, help overcome cross-cultural communication barriers and contribute to the development of academic skills.

Factors affecting the offer of pulmonary rehabilitation to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by primary care professionals : a qualitative study

Aim: To explore health professionals’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to referring patients for pulmonary rehabilitation in a primary care setting.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation involves a multidisciplinary teamwork approach to improving
the quality of life for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to find out about health care professionals’ experiences when referring patients. Reports suggest that a health care professional’s attitude towards a treatment affects the willingness of patients to accept advice.

Methods: Five focus group interviews were undertaken with 21 health professionals from North Midlands, UK. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis drawing on the techniques of grounded theory.

Findings: Chronic disease management has been delegated to Practice Nurses in many cases leaving some nurses feeling unsupported and some General Practitioners feeling deskilled. Problems with communication, a lack of adequate and timely local service provision, a difficult referral process, time pressures and lack of information were barriers to health care professionals making an offer of pulmonary rehabilitation. An explanatory model is proposed to describe how addressing barriers to referral may improve health care professionals views about pulmonary rehabilitation and therefore may mean that they present it in a more positive manner.

Improving the uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD : qualitative study of experiences and attitudes

Background
Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the quality of life and ability to function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It may also reduce hospital admission and inpatient stay with exacerbations of COPD. Some patients who are eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation may not accept an offer of it, thereby missing an opportunity to improve their health status.

Aim
To identify a strategy for improving the uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Design of study
Qualitative interviews with patients.

Setting
Patients with COPD were recruited from a suburban general practice in north-east Derbyshire, UK.

Method
In-depth interviews were conducted on a purposive sample of 16 patients with COPD to assess their concerns about accepting an offer of pulmonary rehabilitation. Interviews were analysed using grounded theory.

Results
Fear of breathlessness and exercise, and the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on coexisting medical problems were the most common concerns patients had about taking part in the rehabilitation. The possibility of reducing the sensation of breathlessness and regaining the ability to do things, such as play with their grandchildren, were motivators to participating.

Conclusion
A model is proposed where patients who feel a loss of control as their disease advances may find that pulmonary rehabilitation offers them the opportunity to regain control. Acknowledging patients' fears and framing pulmonary rehabilitation as a way of ‘regaining control’ may improve patient uptake.

Virtual worlds for people with autism spectrum disorder: a case study in Second Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the use of virtual worlds by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a particular focus on the virtual world Second Life™. METHOD: Case study methodology was selected to explore the experiences of Wolf, a participant with ASD, in Second Life. Wolf participated in three in-depth interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a content analysis to identify themes and sub-themes. RESULTS: Analysis identified four main themes: social factors and communication, empowerment, virtual world versus physical world, and social cues and body language. CONCLUSION: Anecdotally Wolf's experiences suggest that people with ASD enjoy using a virtual world and may feel more comfortable communicating in the virtual world context than the physical world. Virtual worlds offer a venue for people with ASD to be a part of a virtual society, lowers communication barriers experienced in the physical world, and gives the participant a unique opportunity to create and maintain friendships. Virtual worlds offer an arena for people with ASD to meet their peers on equal terms, not being dependent on social cues, which in the physical world can be a barrier for communication for this group. Further research in this area is required. Implications for Rehabiliation People with autism spectrum disorder enjoy using a virtual world and may feel more comfortable communicating in the virtual world context than the physical world. Virtual worlds offer a venue for people with autism spectrum disorder to be a part of a virtual society. Virtual worlds offer an arena for people with autism spectrum disorder to meet their peers on equal terms, not being dependent on social cues, which in the physical world can be a barrier for this group.

NASCIDOS NO SILÊNCIO: AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE FILHOS OUVINTES E PAIS SURDOS NA EDUCAÇÃO

Este trabalho busca apresentar as vivências de três pessoas ouvintes, além do próprio autor, filhas de pais surdos, discutindo as relações familiares entre pais e filhos, mostrando as diferenças em relação às famílias que não possuem pessoas surdas no seu âmago, desmistificando preconceitos e pré-conceitos. Devido as barreiras comunicacionais e pelo preconceito, muitos surdos acabavam sendo privados do direto de serem pais. Nos relatos apresentados nesta dissertação, houve momentos em que isso quase aconteceu na vida dos sujeitos entrevistados para esta pesquisa. Porém, com força e consciência dos direitos adquiridos, esses pais surdos não permitiram que tal coisa acontecesse. O texto inicia com a trajetória formativa e profissional do autor para, em seguida, trazer os autores que abordam temas como surdez (Wrigley, 1996; Lacerda, 1998; Perlin, 1998; Moura, 2000; Sá, 2002; Quadros, 2004; Sacks, 2007), antropologia (Hall, 1992; Gomes, 2008), relações familiares (Lacan, 1987) e autobiografia (Ferraroti, 1991; Pineau, 2006; demartini, 2008). A língua de sinais e a história educacional dos surdos também são discutidas neste trabalho. Por último, são apresentados os relatos de história de vida feitos na pesquisa de campo de forma literária, com as análises dos depoimentos colhidos pelos sujeitos entrevistados (filhos ouvintes e pais surdos) os quais evidenciam que ser filho de pais surdos pode ser tão normal quanto ser filho de pais ouvintes.

Perspectives of carers on medication management in dementia:lessons from collaboratively developing a research proposal

Background: The need for carers to manage medication-related problems for people with dementia living in the community raises dilemmas, which can be identified by carers and people with dementia as key issues for developing carer-relevant research projects.A research planning Public Patient Involvement (PPI) workshop using adapted focus group methodology was held at the Alzheimer's Society's national office, involving carers of people with dementia who were current members of the Alzheimer's Society Research Network (ASRN) in dialogue with health professionals aimed to identify key issues in relation to medication management in dementia from the carer viewpoint. The group was facilitated by a specialist mental health pharmacist, using a topic guide developed systematically with carers, health professionals and researchers. Audio-recordings and field notes were made at the time and were transcribed and analysed thematically. The participants included nine carers in addition to academics, clinicians, and staff from DeNDRoN (Dementias and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network) and the Alzheimer's Society. Findings. Significant themes, for carers, which emerged from the workshop were related to: (1) medication usage and administration practicalities, (2) communication barriers and facilitators, (3) bearing and sharing responsibility and (4) weighing up medication risks and benefits. These can form the basis for more in-depth qualitative research involving a broader, more diverse sample. Discussion. The supported discussion enabled carer voices and perspectives to be expressed and to be linked to the process of identifying problems in medications management as directly experienced by carers. This was used to inform an agenda for research proposals which would be meaningful for carers and people with dementia. © 2014 Poland et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

A pilot study to evaluate the self-medication system for liver transplant patients at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham

Background and Objective: Medication non-compliance is a considerable obstacle in achievinga therapeutic goal, whichcan result in poorerhealthcare outcomes, increased expenditure, wastage and potential for medication resistance. The UK Government’s Audit Commission’s publication ‘A Spoonful of Sugar’1 addresses these issues and promotes self-medication systems as a possible solution. The self-medication system within the Liver Transplant Unit (LTU) was implemented to induct patients onto new post- transplantation medication regimes ready for discharge. The system involves initial consultations with both the Liver Transplant Pharmacist and Trans- plant Co-ordinator, supported with additional advice as and when necessary. Design: Following ethical approval, evaluation of the self-medication sys- tem for liver transplant patients was conducted between January and March 2004 via two methods: audit and structured post-transplantation interview. The audit enabled any discrepancies between current Hospital guidelines and Liver Transplant Unit (LTU) practices to be highlighted. Patient interviews generated a retrospective insight into patient acceptance of the self-medication system. Setting: LTU, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England. Main Outcome Measures: LTU compliance with Hospital self-medication guidelines and patient insight into self-medication system. Results: A total of seven patients were audited. Findings illustrated that self- medication by transplant patients is a complex process which was not fully addressed by current Hospital self-medication guidelines. Twenty-three patients were interviewed, showing an overwhelming positive attitude to- wards participating in their own care and a high level of understanding towards their individual medication regimes. Following a drugs counselling session, 100% of patients understood why they were taking their medica- tion, and their doses, 95% understood how to take their medication and 85% were aware of potential side effects. Conclusions: From this pilot evaluation it can be stated that the LTU self-medication system is appreciated by patients and assists them in fully understanding their medication regimes. There appear to be no major defects in the system. However areas such as communication barriers and on-going internet education were illustrated as areas for possible future investigation. References: 1. Audit Commission. A spoonful of sugar – medicines management in NHS hospitals. London: Audit Commission; 2001.

Role of community pharmacists in the use of antipsychotics for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD):a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use qualitative methodology to understand the current role of community pharmacists in limiting the use of antipsychotics prescribed inappropriately for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. DESIGN: A qualitative study employing focus groups was conducted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING: 3 different geographical locations in the England. PARTICIPANTS: Community pharmacists (n=22). RESULTS: The focus groups identified an array of factors and constraints, which affect the ability of community pharmacists to contribute to initiatives to limit the use of antipsychotics. 3 key themes were revealed: (1) politics and the medical hierarchy, which created communication barriers; (2) how resources and remit impact the effectiveness of community pharmacy; and (3) understanding the nature of the treatment of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that an improvement in communication between community pharmacists and healthcare professionals, especially general practitioners (GPs) must occur in order for community pharmacists to assist in limiting the use of antipsychotics in people with dementia. Additionally, extra training in working with people with dementia is required. Thus, an intervention which involves appropriately trained pharmacists working in collaboration with GPs and other caregivers is required. Overall, within the current environment, community pharmacists question the extent to which they can contribute in helping to reduce the prescription of antipsychotics.

Stakeholder-led science: engaging resource managers to identify science needs for long-term management of floodplain conservation lands

Floodplains pose challenges to managers of conservation lands because of constantly changing interactions with their rivers. Although scientific knowledge and understanding of the dynamics and drivers of river-floodplain systems can provide guidance to floodplain managers, the scientific process often occurs in isolation from management. Further, communication barriers between scientists and managers can be obstacles to appropriate application of scientific knowledge. With the coproduction of science in mind, our objectives were the following: (1) to document management priorities of floodplain conservation lands, and (2) identify science needs required to better manage the identified management priorities under nonstationary conditions, i.e., climate change, through stakeholder queries and interactions. We conducted an online survey with 80 resource managers of floodplain conservation lands along the Upper and Middle Mississippi River and Lower Missouri River, USA, to evaluate management priority, management intensity, and available scientific information for management objectives and conservation targets. Management objectives with the least information available relative to priority included controlling invasive species, maintaining respectful relationships with neighbors, and managing native, nongame species. Conservation targets with the least information available to manage relative to management priority included pollinators, marsh birds, reptiles, and shore birds. A follow-up workshop and survey focused on clarifying science needs to achieve management objectives under nonstationary conditions. Managers agreed that metrics of inundation, including depth and extent of inundation, and frequency, duration, and timing of inundation would be the most useful metrics for management of floodplain conservation lands with multiple objectives. This assessment provides guidance for developing relevant and accessible science products to inform management of highly dynamic floodplain environments. Although the problems facing managers of these lands are complex, products focused on a small suite of inundation metrics were determined to be the most useful to guide the decision making process.

Time Delays on the Identification of the Need for CPR for Limited English Proficient 9-1-1 Callers

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

The Hitchcok boy: treating aggressive acting out in child therapy

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Estrategia y plan de mercadeo de la empresa YouTube

Esta investigación describe la situación de cómo Youtube se ha convertido a partir de sus estrategias y plan de mercadeo en la plataforma número uno en variedad de clips de películas, vídeos musicales, video de blogs, entre otros; llegando a popularizarse como una red social. Las redes sociales han desarrollado una nueva forma de comunicar y son una herramienta fundamental para la creación de conocimiento colectivo, es el caso de YouTube buscador de contenido audiovisual y red social que permite a millones de usuarios conectarse alrededor del mundo. Esta plataforma rompe las barreras culturales y de comunicación que anteriormente existían a falta de internet. En este sentido se pretende analizar a YouTube desde una perspectiva administrativa enfocada en el área de mercadeo.