Adaptação da Florida Affect Battery à população portuguesa

Dissertação de Mestrado, Neurociências Cognitivas e Neuropsicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

"Relaxar é aprender sobre nós próprios": relaxamento e ioga para crianças na educação pré-escolar

O bem-estar emocional na educação pré-escolar é um processo central, mas também uma componente de qualidade e um propósito educativo (Bertram & Pascal, 2009; Laevers, 2005; Mashford-Scott, Church, & Tayler, 2012). Reconhece-se que um forte sentimento de bem-estar permite que as crianças interajam com confiança no ambiente e aproveitem as oportunidades educativas - aspeto encapsulado no conceito de implicação (Laevers, 1997, 2000, 2005). Os conceitos de bem-estar e implicação são relevantes para a investigação, mas também para uma prática preocupada com a perspetiva da criança, expressa de diferentes formas e através de diferentes linguagens. O relaxamento para crianças é perspetivado como promovendo bem-estar, diminuindo ansiedade e stress (Guillaud, 2004; Silva, 1998) e criando atividades indutoras de sensibilidade e interação (Humblet & Guzman, 2013). A promoção de auto-conhecimento e de cognição social são pontos de contacto entre as sessões de relaxamento e a Educação Experiencial. A comunicação pretende apresentar dados de um estudo realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º CEB, em contexto de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. A rotina do contexto de estágio incluía um momento de relaxamento, de 20 minutos após o almoço, organizado pela orientadora cooperante há vários anos. As 20 crianças do grupo participaram em diferentes tipos de sessões de relaxamento, tendo sido registados níveis de implicação e de bem-estar usando as escalas de observação desenvolvidas para o contexto português por Portugal e Laevers (2010). As diferentes sessões de relaxamento foram: ioga, meditação guiada com música e massagens. A comparação entre sessões baseou-se nas médias de implicação e bem-estar por sessão e nos indicadores mais referidos pelos observadores. Foram, ainda, realizadas entrevistas individuais às crianças e à cooperante sobre as sessões, analisadas através de uma análise de conteúdo temática. Procurou-se, assim, responder à necessidade de conhecer a forma como as crianças experienciam o bem-estar emocional (Mashford-Scott et al., 2012). Todas as sessões revelaram qualidade nos resultados das duas escalas embora os diferentes formatos tenham resultado em ênfases distintas nos indicadores (persistência e precisão no ioga, vitalidade e relaxamento nas massagens, alegria e ligação com o próprio na música). As crianças identificam o relaxamento como parte do seu dia, revelam preferências específicas e individuais por partes das sessões, embora descrevam mais o que fazem do que o sentem.

Comportamento, Cognição e Linguagem: Contribuição da Fenomenologia Biológica para o Estudo das Relações Corpo-Mente

Um dos desafios mais importantes para as ciências humanas e particularmente para a educação consiste na compreensão das relações entre o comportamento, a cognição e a linguagem. O presente artigo apresenta uma concepção encorporada da cognição e da linguagem a partir da etologia humana. Baseando-se nas ideias da fenomenologia biológica sobre a intencionalidade, apresentam-se algumas das condições para o acesso científico às relações corpo-mente.

O estatuto temporal e social do signo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar como o processo de conhecimento traduz-se numa estrutura triádica, cuja característica não pode prescindir da temporalidade e de seu aspecto social. De outra forma, conforme o dualismo subjacente nas teorias tradicionais, a esfera do conhecimento tornar-se-ia limitada pela inevitabilidade do recurso à coisa-em-si.

Concepção e implementação de um agente semiótico como parte de um modelo social de aprendizagem a distância

Esta dissertação situa-se no projeto de pesquisa intitulado "Um Modelo Computacional de Aprendizagem a Distância Baseada na Concepção Sócio- Interacionista". Este projeto se enquadra na visão de aprendizagem situada, isto é, na concepção de cognição como uma prática social baseada na utilização de linguagem, símbolos e signos. O objetivo é a construção de um ambiente de Educação a Distância, implementado como um sistema multiagente composto por agentes artificiais e agentes humanos, inspirando-se na teoria sócio-interacionista de Vygotsky. Nesta sociedade, todos os personagens (aprendizes e agentes artificiais) são modelados como agentes sociais integrados em um ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem. A arquitetura deste sistema é formada pelos seguintes agentes artificiais: agente diagnóstico, agente mediador, agente colaborativo, agente semiótico e agente social. Os agentes humanos que interagem com o sistema desempenham o papel de tutores, aprendizes ou ambos. Esta dissertação visa à concepção e à implementação de um dos agentes desta arquitetura: o agente semiótico. Esta concepção foi baseada na Engenharia Semiótica, em particular para a apresentação do material instrucional utilizado no processo de ensinoaprendizagem.

Praxiologia, representação social de menopausa e práticas educativas de enfermeiras na estratégia saúde da família

This research, whose theme is related to climacteric, aims to know the social representation of menopause developed by the nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa PB, as well as identifying its structure and verifying the way it interferes with the assistance and educational practices to the climacterial user. In the theoretical level, it is based on a model that articulates the social representations theory, the central nucleus complementary theory and the central concepts of Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology: habitus, cultural capital, social field and symbolic power. A hundred and forty-seven female nurses who work for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa (PB) took part in this research, and the data collection period was from February 2008 to March 2009. As to the methods and techniques, we used the method to determine the central nucleus based on the free association of words, a questionnaire to identify certain regularities that constitute the nurses habitus, and the semi-structured interview to explore opinions and attitudes when facing assistance situations and educational practices and to collect other relevant information. The data analysis was developed, when referring to the free associations, with the help of the EVOC software, which is a group of articulated programs which carry out the statistical analysis of the evocations and the identification of the possible elements of both the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation. As to the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis and the analysis of correlation between the variables. The interviews were submitted to a categorical analysis of the content. The EVOC result indicated that the cognition hormone was the only element of the central nucleus of the social representation of menopause. Due to its symbolic value and structuring power, this central nucleus ensures the strict and, at the same time, flexible character of the representational content. The analysis of the social advancement, of some fundamental features of the group habitus, as well as the analysis of its insertion in the health field and of the attitudinal opinions and dispositions concerning the assistance given to the climacterial user, and the analysis of the pedagogical dimension of this assistance, all these analyses lead to the conclusion that the nurses who took part in this research share a social representation of the menopause resulting from the association of different technical and scientific knowledge. These derive from the biomedical pattern as well as from hegemonic values which disqualify old age and overvalue youth, from pedagogical conceptions arising from patterns that are presently regarded as authoritative and old-fashioned and from cultural references (responsible for the semantic variations concerning the central nucleus) which are specific to the subgroups the nurses belong to. This research enables the creation of opportunities for discussion between active nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família, and the nurses who are teachers at institutions of higher education, aiming at linking theory to practice, so that they can find ways of thinking about the climacteric and working, in a more comprehensive way, with users who are experiencing this stage of life

A dimensão social do desenho: um estudo sobre as interações no processo de (re) construção imagética da criança no Ensino Fundamental

In the historical-cultural perspective, the drawing is processed by means of a shared and complex way, under diverse relations with the other and with the immersed signs of the culture. That is, something constituted by the social interactions and that can modify the structure of the psychological functions, therefore as socialized sign, propitiates the incorporation of the functions socially. In this way, the figuration carrier sensitive and established meanings historically disclosing the shared experiences and the ways of the subject to think and perceive the world. Such reflections gave shape to the main problem of this research: how to think over about the drawing at the school to incide in the reconstruction of the childs imaginative language? Under such perspective, this work deals with the interactions in the production process of the drawing of the children in a context of teach-Iearning of the elementary school having as goal to analyze the interactions established in the cIassroom in the process of production of the drawings; to propose situations of learnings that favor the advance graphical expression of the students; and to identify in the interactive games some relations between body expression and drawing. For its accomplishment, it was opted for the construction process based in the collaborative investigation by the fact to propitiate negotiations, sharing and confrontation of ideas, becoming possible a joint construction of the knowledge. For this research, the researcher and the collaborating teacher, as well as the involved children, become themselves into co-authors of the context studied. As locus of the research, it was chosen a first cycle class, with 30 students, from Municipal School Profª. Emília Ramos (Natal/RN - Brazil), whose election took in account the fact of this school to constitute in a promotional space of reflections and professional development of teachers in service and, at the same time, for presentinglimitations theoretic- methodological in the field of teaching for Arts. In the process of the research, it was perceived that the children with the support of the verbal language formulates meanings on the seen and imagined object, printing lines and forms that if overlap to the physiological aspects of the visual perception. That is, the drawing discloses a reality appraised, enriched for the picked up vision of the image, but the meanings established for the author, or observer who becomes it perceivable and identified. In the systemizing situations, it was observed that the teaching-Iearning process of the drawing, implies a co-construction between teachers and learners. And, moreover, the necessity to interlace emotion and cognition by means of plastic-corporal interactions that foment drawing experiences, whose process concurs for the imagenative reconstruct of the apprentices

O estatuto temporal e social do signo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar como o processo de conhecimento traduz-se numa estrutura triádica, cuja característica não pode prescindir da temporalidade e de seu aspecto social. de outra forma, conforme o dualismo subjacente nas teorias tradicionais, a esfera do conhecimento tornar-se-ia limitada pela inevitabilidade do recurso à coisa-em-si.

Linguagem, cognição e mundo: o livro do desassossego e a construção discursiva da realidade

This study analyzes the processes of meaning construction in the Livro do Desassossego, by semi-heteronym Bernardo Soares - Fernando Pessoa. We use theoretical grounds from an interface between Cognitive Linguistics and Textual Linguistics to observe how certain linguistic mechanisms build a reality that tells us of a time, a being and his conceptions of language and writing. We focus on description and explanation of procedures of categorization and referentiation accomplished, for example, through metaphor and metonymy. For the construction of the intended theoretical interface, we use analytical categories proposed and developed by the Socio-cognitive Approach of Language, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Mental Space Theory. Armed with this theoretical background, we observed the dynamics of language in relation to its social, cultural and historical features, as well as the cognitive aspects that underlie it. We seek, therefore, encourage discussions about the functioning of language considering primarily the creative processes that allow us to organize and shape our experiences. We also try to provide an approximation of Linguistics, Literature and Philosophy, with a view to relations between language structure, cognitive activity and socio-cultural organization. From the results obtained, we found that a literary text attests, with a particular property, the mutual relations between language, cognition and culture, as indicates cognitive approach to language studies

O gato doméstico (Felis catus) responde à sinais gestuais? possíveis implicações do convívio social

The cats (Felis catus) were domesticated about 9,500 years ago due to the advent of agriculture, being used to control the pests that devastated the food harvested. These animals went through an artificial selection and over generations and millennia had their behavior and morphology changed by humans. This process of domestication by man gave rise to a special ability, the understanding of human pointing gestures, clearly noticed while we feed our pets. Our goal in this study was to assess the comprehension of pointing gestures by cats and also verify the influence that social interactions exerts on the development of this ability. We found that experimental subjects from both groups, solitary animals and social animals, were able to follow human indication in order to find hidden food. However, social interaction had no effect on cats performances. The ability tested here probably evolved during the process of domestication of this species, and social interaction seems to exert little or no influence upon its expression

Avaliação do padrão do ciclo sono-vigília e a cognição em estudantes de medicina com diferentes esquemas de horários de aulas

The sleep patterns of students entering the university, is accompanied by many factors that can lead to changes in sleep habits, such as academic demands, new social opportunities, reduced parental care and irregular teaching schedules. The irregular pattern of sleep-wake cycle is usually accompanied by several daytime consequences, for example, reduced levels of motivation, performance, concentration, alertness and mood as well as increased fatigue and sleepiness.Thus, there are numerous reasons to support the fact that these students may suffer damage in their academic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and cognition in medical students with different schemes teaching schedules. One group started classes at 08am, while the other started at 07am. We analyzed the data from 88 volunteers, 39 from each group. However, only those who participated in both stages of the study (n = 78) underwent cognitive testing. For subjective evaluation of the SWC was used questionnaires to check the quality of sleep, chronotype, daytime sleepiness and sleep habits. For objective evaluation was used actigraphy. For cognitive assessment was used the test MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The results indicate that the group has class earlier had a greater irregularity of the SWC and a worse performance in cognitive testing. There was a difference between the schedules the week and weekend in the subjective variables, bedtime, wake up and sleep duration in both groups. The objective variables, time in bed showed difference between the schedules the week and weekend to the group started class at 08am and the variables bedtime, get up time, actual sleep time, time in bed and wake bouts in the class at 07am. In the cognitive test, there were differences between the groups in overall score and in the areas of executive function and memory recall. Thus, it is suggested that the class starting time may cause irregularity of the SWC and the irregularity may cause mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, cognitive testing MoCA was sensitive to detect differences among students, although the difference between the schedules is small

Sobre as causas evolutivas da cognição humana

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

Percepção e cognição de problemas urbanos por adolescentes de Joanópolis (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Arquitetura moderna paulista, imaginário social urbano, uso e apropriação do espaço

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise do contexto histórico-social e das marcas deixadas no discurso pelo enunciador em diferentes versões do conto de fadas cinderela

Bettelheim (2007), analyzing the infant psyche concluded that for the child to gain self-esteem and develop a balanced sense of self, need to learn to take certain decisions on a daily basis, which will be facilitated by identifying their problems, designed in the stories that are told (or read). Thus, it could find solutions and feel safer. Based on the reading of fairy tales, we dealt with this research, the resumption of fairy tales in homes and schools, in order to help parents and teachers to get parameters to work thinking of their children and students, from such stories, awakening the taste of children by reading and text production. The proposal considered different versions of the fairy tale Cinderella, noting as the moralizing process the messages each approach, and explores the plot and determines which versions would be appropriate for the psycho-cognitive development of children. We also investigated aspects pertinent to the narrative structure, based on literary theory, in order to work in comparative literature. From the discourse analysis, sought to address the marks left by the utterer, capable of denoting its cargo and its ideological worldview projected in the story, although he re-create the history and environment on real facts of a particular period (MARTINS, 2007)