Efeitos do estresse hídrico sobre o desempenho germinativo da semente de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard. - Fabaceae) de diferentes tamanhos

Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard, vulgamente conhecida como faveira, é uma espécie arbórea utilizada na arborização e recomendada para recuperação de áreas degradada, pois é capaz de atuar como adubo verde. No entanto, há poucos estudos básicos para compreender seus atributos ecológicos e fisiológicos. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as influências do tamanho da semente e de estresse hídrico sobre a germinação das sementes e vigor de plântulas de faveira. Foram usadas sementes pequenas, médias e grandes, postas para germinar em bandejas, com areia, sob condições de umedecimento de 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água. A germinação não é afetada pelo tamanho da semente, mas sim pelo vigor, pois as sementes grandes e médias originam plântulas mais vigorosas. Água em excesso reduziu a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação ao passo que, falta de água, reduziu o crescimento das plântulas.

Aspectos morfológicos do fruto, da semente e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard. - Fabaceae)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a morfologia dos frutos, das sementes e o desenvolvimento pós-seminal de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard. - Fabaceae). Os frutos e as sementes foram caracterizados quanto à forma e dimensões. Periodicamente, unidades representativas de cada fase de germinação foram retiradas para as descrições morfológicas. Os frutos são do tipo legume, deiscentes e de coloração marrom. As sementes são exalbuminosas, de forma orbicular e achatada, com tegumento de coloração castanho-esverdeada. O hilo tem forma elíptica, homocromo e de tamanho pequeno em relação à semente. Os cotilédones são livres, de coloração verde, maciços e plano-convexos e o embrião é invaginado. O início do desenvolvimento pós-seminal é marcado pelo rompimento do tegumento e emissão da raiz primária, glabra, de coloração amarelo-esverdeada e de forma cilíndrica. Posteriormente, observa-se o desenvolvimento das raízes secundárias, levemente esbranquiçadas, curtas e filiformes. Em seguida, o crescimento do hipocótilo proporciona a emergência dos cotilédones e da plúmula acima do substrato. O epicótilo alonga-se e, em seguida, observa-se a expansão dos eófilos, simples, opostos, com tricomas simples e esparsos, pecíolos curtos com estípulas em sua base. Posteriormente ao desenvolvimento dos eófilos, ocorre a formação do segundo par de folhas, alternas, trifolioladas, estipuladas e com estipelas na base dos peciólulos.

Microsatellite primers for Ficus racemosa and Ficus rubiginosa

We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci each for the figs Ficus (Sycomorus) racemosa and Ficus (Urostigma) rubiginosa from AG- and TG-enriched genomic libraries. These 22 loci were investigated for cross-species amplification and polymorphism in 17–21 F. racemosa and 16–24 F. rubiginosa individuals from Townsville, Australia. Observed heterozygosities range from 0.12 to 0.90 in F. racemosa and from 0.25 to 1.0 in F. rubiginosa.

The uses of Atuna racemosa Raf. (Chrysobalanaceae) in Samoa

An ethnobotanical study was made of the uses of Atuna racemosa subsp. racemosa (Chrysobalanaceae) in Samoa. The main use is of the cotyledons to extract an anti-inflammatory massage oil and a putty to caulk boats. Minor uses as a medicinal and of the wood are reported and a survey of herbarium material shows that the fruit of Atuna is widely used throughout the Pacific region.

Differential Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition by Volatile Oils from two Specimens of Marlierea racemosa (Myrtaceae) Collected from Different Areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest

The volatile oil composition and anti-acetyl cholinesterase activity were analyzed in two specimens of Marlierea racemosa growing in different areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest (Cananeia and Caraguatatuba, SP, Brazil). Component identifications were performed by GUMS and their acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity was measured through colorimetric analysis. The major constituent in both specimens was spathulenol (25.1 % in Cananeia and 31.9% in Caraguatatuba). However, the first one also presented monoterpenes (41.2%), while in the Carguatatuba plants, this class was not detected. The oils from the plants collected in Cananeia were able to inhibit the acetyl cholinesterase activity by LIP to 75%, but for oils from the other locality the maximal inhibition achieved was 35%. These results suggested that the monoterpenes are more effective in the inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase activity than sesquiterpenes as these compounds are present in higher amounts in the M. racemosa plants collected in Cananeia.

Aspectos morfológicos do fruto, da semente e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard. - Fabaceae)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a morfologia dos frutos, das sementes e o desenvolvimento pós-seminal de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard. - Fabaceae). Os frutos e as sementes foram caracterizados quanto à forma e dimensões. Periodicamente, unidades representativas de cada fase de germinação foram retiradas para as descrições morfológicas. Os frutos são do tipo legume, deiscentes e de coloração marrom. As sementes são exalbuminosas, de forma orbicular e achatada, com tegumento de coloração castanho-esverdeada. O hilo tem forma elíptica, homocromo e de tamanho pequeno em relação à semente. Os cotilédones são livres, de coloração verde, maciços e plano-convexos e o embrião é invaginado. O início do desenvolvimento pós-seminal é marcado pelo rompimento do tegumento e emissão da raiz primária, glabra, de coloração amarelo-esverdeada e de forma cilíndrica. Posteriormente, observa-se o desenvolvimento das raízes secundárias, levemente esbranquiçadas, curtas e filiformes. em seguida, o crescimento do hipocótilo proporciona a emergência dos cotilédones e da plúmula acima do substrato. O epicótilo alonga-se e, em seguida, observa-se a expansão dos eófilos, simples, opostos, com tricomas simples e esparsos, pecíolos curtos com estípulas em sua base. Posteriormente ao desenvolvimento dos eófilos, ocorre a formação do segundo par de folhas, alternas, trifolioladas, estipuladas e com estipelas na base dos peciólulos.

Floral biology and late-acting self-incompatibility in Jacaranda racemosa (Bignoniaceae)

Breeding-system studies have been conducted with 38 of the approximately 800 species of Bignoniaceae, and self-incompatibility was found in 31 of these. In species for which the site of self-incompatibility barrier was studied, self-pollinated flowers consistently failed to develop into fruits, even though pollen tubes grew down to the ovary and penetrated most of the ovules. In this study, we have investigated the. oral biology and the breeding system in Jacaranda racemosa Chamisso, with hand-pollination experiments and the histology of post-pollination events. Flower anthesis lasted 1-3 days, and although the frequency of flower visitation was extremely low, natural pollination seemed to be effected mainly by medium-sized bees. Because the conspicuous staminodium favours eventual pollination by small bees, a possible role of the staminodium in the increase of potential pollinators is suggested. Hand-pollinations indicated that J. racemosa is a self-sterile species. Histological analysis of post-pollination events indicated the occurrence of a kind of late-acting self-incompatibility in which the processes of ovule penetration, fertilisation and endosperm initiation were slower in selfed than in crossed pistils. Until the time of self-pollinated pistil abscission, no signs of endosperm malfunction or proembryo development were observed in selfed pistils. Therefore, inbreeding depression is an unlikely explanation for self-sterility in J. racemosa.

Anatomical characterization and chemical profile of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn leaf blades, from impacted and non-impacted mangroves of the São Paulo Coast

Anatomical characterization and chemical profile of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn leaf blades, from impacted and non-impacted mangroves of the São Paulo Coast. Several sources of environmental impact have caused great damage to the flora in mangroves. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the anatomy and chemical composition of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn leaf blades, from impacted (Municipality of Santos) and non-impacted mangroves (Municipality of Peruibe) of the São Paulo Coast. For the leaf anatomy studies, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. For chemical analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted. The biometry revealed leaf tissues of plants from impacted mangroves with a less thick epidermis and mesophyll and higher width of the central vascular beam. A smaller number of stomata and higher amounts of daises in these leaves were also observed. Results were confirmed by the Student t-test (alpha = 5%). The chemical profiles revealed a higher ammount of secondary metabolites in leaves from the impacted environment.

Efeitos do estresse hídrico sobre o desempenho germinativo da semente de faveira (Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard. - Fabaceae) de diferentes tamanhos

Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard, vulgamente conhecida como faveira, é uma espécie arbórea utilizada na arborização e recomendada para recuperação de áreas degradada, pois é capaz de atuar como adubo verde. No entanto, há poucos estudos básicos para compreender seus atributos ecológicos e fisiológicos. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as influências do tamanho da semente e de estresse hídrico sobre a germinação das sementes e vigor de plântulas de faveira. Foram usadas sementes pequenas, médias e grandes, postas para germinar em bandejas, com areia, sob condições de umedecimento de 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água. A germinação não é afetada pelo tamanho da semente, mas sim pelo vigor, pois as sementes grandes e médias originam plântulas mais vigorosas. Água em excesso reduziu a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação ao passo que, falta de água, reduziu o crescimento das plântulas.

Sulfated polysaccharide extracted of the green algae Caulerpa racemosa increase the enzymatic activity and paw edema induced by sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

Sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweed have shown great potential for use in the development of new drugs. In this study, we observed that a low-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa racemosa, termed CrSP, could interact with secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. When native sPLA2 (14 kDa) was incubated with CrSP, they formed a molecular complex (sPLA2:CrSP) with a molecular mass of 32 kDa, approximately. Size exclusion chromatography experiments suggested that CrSP formed a stable complex with sPLA2. We belived that sPLA2 and SPCr are involved an ionic interaction between negatively charged CrSP and the positively charged basic amino acid residues of sPLA2, because this interaction induced significant changes in sPLA2 enzymatic and pharmacological activities. CrSP caused a significant increase in sPLA2 enzymatic and bactericidal activity and increased its edematogenic effect. A pharmacological assay showed that the myotoxic activity of sPLA2:CrSP is unrelated to its enzymatic activity and that sPLA2:CrSP may have a practical application as a natural antibacterial agent for use in humans and commercially raised animals.

Leaf-litter decomposition of the mangrove species Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle

This study evaluated the decomposition process of leaf litter from the main Brazilian mangrove species Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle. Senescent leaves were collected, dried and placed in nylon bags with different mesh sizes (fine: 2x2mm and coarse: 8x8mm). The bags were distributed over the sediment, and replicates of each species and mesh size were collected periodically over 4months. In the laboratory, the dry weight of the samples was measured, and the decomposition coefficient (k) for each species and mesh size was obtained over time. All species showed a rapid decomposition rate at the beginning of the experiment, followed by a slower but steady rate of decomposition over time. The rate of leaf litter decomposition was highest in A. schaueriana, intermediate in L. racemosa and lowest in R. mangle. The difference was mainly linked to the activity and abundance of detritivores, together with the different litter quality of the species, which determined their palatability and probably influenced the decomposition process.

Caracterização anatômica e perfi l químico da lâmina foliar de Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn, de manguezais impactados e não impactados do litoral de São Paulo

Anatomical characterization and chemical profi le of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn leaf blades, from impacted and non-impacted mangroves of the São Paulo Coast. Several sources of environmental impact have caused great damage to the fl ora in mangroves. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the anatomy and chemical composition of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn leaf blades, from impacted (Municipality of Santos) and non-impacted mangroves (Municipality of Peruíbe) of the São Paulo Coast. For the leaf anatomy studies, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. For chemical analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted. The biometry revealed leaf tissues of plants from impacted mangroves with a less thick epidermis and mesophyll and higher width of the central vascular beam. A smaller number of stomata and higher amounts of druses in these leaves were also observed. Results were confi rmed by the Student t-test (α = 5%). The chemical profi les revealed a higher ammount of secondary metabolites in leaves from the impacted environment.

Evaluation of potential thrombin inhibitors from the white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Descriptions of a new genus of plants named Araujia, and of a new species of Passiflora [P. racemosa].

Transactions of the Linnean society of London, 1818, xii, p. 62-75, 3 pl.