Clitic-doubled left dislocation and focus fronting in L2 Spanish: a case of successful acquisition at the syntax-discourse interface

This experimental study tests the Interface Hypothesis by looking into processes at the syntax– discourse interface, teasing apart acquisition of syntactic, semantic and discourse knowledge. Adopting López’s (2009) pragmatic features [±a(naphor)] and [±c(ontrast)], which in combination account for the constructions of dislocation and fronting, we tested clitic left dislocation and fronted focus in the comprehension of English native speakers learning Spanish. Furthermore, we tested knowledge of an additional semantic property: the relationship between the discourse anaphor and the antecedent in clitic left dislocation (CLLD). This relationship is free: it can be subset, superset, part/whole. Syntactic knowledge of clitics was a condition for inclusion in the main test. Our findings indicate that all learners are sensitive to the semantic constraints. While the near-native speakers display native-like discourse knowledge, the advanced speakers demonstrated some discourse knowledge, and intermediate learners did not display any discourse knowledge. The findings support as well as challenge the Interface Hypothesis.

Grammatical abilities of Greek-speaking children with autism

This study investigates pronoun reference and verbs with non-active morphology in high functioning Greek-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is motivated by problems with reflexive pronouns demonstrated by English-speaking children with ASD, and the fact that reflexivity is additionally expressed via non-active (reflexive) verbs in Greek. Twenty 5- to 8-year-old children with ASD and twenty vocabulary matched typically developing controls of the same age range completed a sentence-picture matching, an elicitation, and a judgment task. Children with ASD did not differ from controls in interpreting reflexive and strong pronouns, but were less accurate in the comprehension of clitics and omitted clitics in their production. The findings render clitics a vulnerable domain for autism in Greek, and potentially for other languages with clitics, and suggest that this could be a consequence of difficulties in the syntax-pragmatics or the syntax-phonology interface. The two groups did not differ in the comprehension of non-active morphology, but were less accurate in passive than reflexive verbs. This difference is likely to stem from the linguistic representation associated with each type of verb, rather than their input frequency.

Production and on-line comprehension of definite articles and clitic pronouns by Greek sequential bilingual children and monolingual children with specific language impairment

The present study compared production and on-line comprehension of definite articles and third person direct object clitic pronouns in Greek-speaking typically developing, sequential bilingual (L2-TD) children and monolingual children with specific language impairment (L1-SLI). Twenty Turkish Greek L2-TD children, 16 Greek L1-SLI children, and 31 L1-TD Greek children participated in a production task examining definite articles and clitic pronouns and, in an on-line comprehension task, involving grammatical sentences with definite articles and clitics and sentences with grammatical violations induced by omitted articles and clitics. The results showed that the L2-TD children were sensitive to the grammatical violations despite low production. In contrast, the children with SLI were not sensitive to clitic omission in the on-line task, despite high production. These results support a dissociation between production and on-line comprehension in L2 children and for impaired grammatical representations and lack of automaticity in children with SLI. They also suggest that on-line comprehension tasks may complement production tasks by differentiating between the language profiles of L2-TD children and children with SLI.

The interface of syntax with pragmatics and prosody in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

In order to study problems of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with morphosyntax, we investigated twenty high-functioning Greek-speaking children (mean age:6;11) and twenty age- and language-matched typically developing children on environments that allow or forbid object clitics or their corresponding noun phrase. Children with ASD fell behind typically developing in comprehending and producing simple clitics and producing noun phrases in focus structures. The two groups performed similarly in comprehending and producing clitics in clitic left dislocation and in producing noun phrases in non-focus structures. We argue that children with ASD have difficulties at the interface of(morpho)syntax with pragmatics and prosody, namely, distinguishing a discourse prominent element, and considering intonation relevant for a particular interpretation that excludes clitics.

Os synsets de verbos do português com o SE inerente e os seus equivalentes do inglês

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cliticização pronominal nas cantigas religiosas galego-portuguesas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura morfológica das formas futuras nas cantigas de Santa Maria

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise prosódica de preposições monossilábicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise Prosódica de segmentações não-convecionais de palavras em textos do sexto ano do EF

This paper analyzes unconventional segmentation of word found in texts of the sixth grade of Elementary School. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we describe the prosodic characteristics that may be motivated the hyper and hippossegmentation of words found in 27,4% of 606 investigated texts. We identified a tendency toward a more text with hippossegmentation than hypersegmentation, characteristic similar to what is reported about children’s text. Taking into account the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology, we argue about the relevance of prosodic word and clitic group in the description of the regularities observed in data of unconventional segmentation of word. We note that (i) in cases of hipposegmentation, it predominates the hollow of a clitic followed by a phonological word, (ii) in cases of hypersegmentation, it predominates a segmentation of a prosodic word into a clitic group. We present evidences to be the spelling of clitic elements a challenge to students analyzed. By investigating in the grammatical class that owned the clitics spelled unconventionally, we verified that they are prepositions (“em, de, com”) and pronouns (“me, lhe, lo”), a characteristic that particularize these data in relation to data from students in the early stage of language acquisition.

A segmentação não-convencional de palavras em textos do ciclo II do ensino fundamental

This paper deals with unconventional segmentations of words in texts produced by students of the last four years of elementary school. The main hypothesis is that these data allow us to observe the characteristics of written and spoken utterances. Through analysis of data on prosodic constituents, we argue that students deal with (conflicting) hypotheses on the organization of unstressed syllables into prosodic constituents: metric feet, prosodic word and clitic group. We found evidence that unconventional spellings have their main motivation in the difficulty of students to assign the status of written word to grammatical items that are prosodic clitics.

Sândi: considerações sobre o status prosódico dos clíticos nas Cantigas de Santa Maria

This article intends to study sandhi phenomena in Archaic Portuguese (13th century), in order to obtain clues about the prosodic status of clitics. Analyzing the texts of the reminiscent religious medieval cantigas (420 Cantigas de Santa Maria, compiled by Alfonso X, the Wise) this study intends to determine the cliticization direction, in order to find clues to the formation of superior prosodic constituents, based on the consideration of the syntactic structure of the sentence and the direction of the syntactic cliticization.

(Anti-)cliticization in Mapudungun

This article describes the formal behavior of some elements found in Mapudungun (isolate, South America): a question particle, a postposition, and several 3rd-person markers. Framed in terms of current theories of phonological and grammatical words, the paper argues that a useful characterization of the Mapudungun elements under scrutiny should acknowledge (a) that clitics are interestingly heterogeneous regarding how different bound elements stand in paradigmatic opposition to each other, and (b) that some of these elements can be meaningfully be called anti-clitics (i.e., they are p-words that are part of larger g-words).

¿Cómo afecta la cultura a la gramática? : El caso de los clíticos en el español americano

La sintaxis de una lengua se halla motivada semántica y pragmáticamente. La dimensión pragmática establece qué formas lingüísticas -y sus significados- son más apropiadas para qué contexto. En este trabajo intentamos mostrar cómo el lenguaje es modelado por la cultura cuando lo pragmático es etnopragmático. Los sesgos en la frecuencia relativa de uso de los clíticos de tercera persona en distintas variedades del español americano constituyen un ámbito adecuado. La naturaleza deíctica de los clíticos del español hace que se pongan en juego al menos dos tipos de dimensión pragmática: la dimensión referencial y la dimensión relacional. El valor que cobra la referencia es, ciertamente, cultural, asignado por la comunidad. En efecto, es esperable que diferentes grupos culturales asignen diferentes valores a los mismos referentes y que estos valores culturales influyan en la conformación de los paradigmas de la lengua. Ejemplificaremos la propuesta mediante la observación de la expansión del empleo de le y la ausencia del clítico en el campo de los acusativos en el español guaranítico argentino y del uso categórico y variable de los clíticos respecto de algunos verbos en el español de bolivianos residentes en la Argentina

¿Cómo afecta la cultura a la gramática? : El caso de los clíticos en el español americano

La sintaxis de una lengua se halla motivada semántica y pragmáticamente. La dimensión pragmática establece qué formas lingüísticas -y sus significados- son más apropiadas para qué contexto. En este trabajo intentamos mostrar cómo el lenguaje es modelado por la cultura cuando lo pragmático es etnopragmático. Los sesgos en la frecuencia relativa de uso de los clíticos de tercera persona en distintas variedades del español americano constituyen un ámbito adecuado. La naturaleza deíctica de los clíticos del español hace que se pongan en juego al menos dos tipos de dimensión pragmática: la dimensión referencial y la dimensión relacional. El valor que cobra la referencia es, ciertamente, cultural, asignado por la comunidad. En efecto, es esperable que diferentes grupos culturales asignen diferentes valores a los mismos referentes y que estos valores culturales influyan en la conformación de los paradigmas de la lengua. Ejemplificaremos la propuesta mediante la observación de la expansión del empleo de le y la ausencia del clítico en el campo de los acusativos en el español guaranítico argentino y del uso categórico y variable de los clíticos respecto de algunos verbos en el español de bolivianos residentes en la Argentina

¿Cómo afecta la cultura a la gramática? : El caso de los clíticos en el español americano

La sintaxis de una lengua se halla motivada semántica y pragmáticamente. La dimensión pragmática establece qué formas lingüísticas -y sus significados- son más apropiadas para qué contexto. En este trabajo intentamos mostrar cómo el lenguaje es modelado por la cultura cuando lo pragmático es etnopragmático. Los sesgos en la frecuencia relativa de uso de los clíticos de tercera persona en distintas variedades del español americano constituyen un ámbito adecuado. La naturaleza deíctica de los clíticos del español hace que se pongan en juego al menos dos tipos de dimensión pragmática: la dimensión referencial y la dimensión relacional. El valor que cobra la referencia es, ciertamente, cultural, asignado por la comunidad. En efecto, es esperable que diferentes grupos culturales asignen diferentes valores a los mismos referentes y que estos valores culturales influyan en la conformación de los paradigmas de la lengua. Ejemplificaremos la propuesta mediante la observación de la expansión del empleo de le y la ausencia del clítico en el campo de los acusativos en el español guaranítico argentino y del uso categórico y variable de los clíticos respecto de algunos verbos en el español de bolivianos residentes en la Argentina