Effect of essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their major components on biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk of cows with mastitis

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands of cows and causes significant economic losses in dairy cattle. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms most commonly isolated. Novel agents are required in agricultural industries to prevent the development of mastitis. The production of biofilm by Staph. aureus facilitates the adhesion of bacteria to solid surfaces and contributes to the transmission and maintenance of these bacteria. The effect of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove; EOSA) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon; EOCZ) and their major components, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, on Staph. aureus biofilm formation on different surfaces was investigated. The results showed a significant inhibition of biofilm production by EOSA on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces (69.4 and 63.6%, respectively). However, its major component, eugenol, was less effective on polystyrene and stainless steel (52.8 and 19.6%, respectively). Both EOCZ and its major component, cinnamaldehyde, significantly reduced biofilm formation on polystyrene (74.7 and 69.6%, respectively) and on stainless steel surfaces (45.3 and 44.9%, respectively). These findings suggest that EOSA, EOCZ, and cinnamaldehyde may be considered for applications such as sanitization in the food industry.

Effects of verum acupuncture compared to placebo acupuncture on quantitative EEG and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this single-blind randomized crossover study was to evaluate specific effects of manual acupuncture on central and vegetative nervous system activity measured by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and heart rate variability (HRV). DESIGN: Twenty (20) healthy volunteers (mean: 25.2 +/- 3.6 years) were monitored simultaneously using a qEEG system and a 12-channel electrocardiogram recorder during verum acupuncture (VA) at acupuncture point Large Intestine 4 (Hegu) (LI4) or placebo acupuncture (PA) at a sham point. RESULTS: In the EEG conduction of the occipital area, needle stimulation in VA increased alpha1-frequency significantly, and the ratio alpha1/theta was shifted to the benefit of alpha1 over all electrodes. The HRV parameters showed a significant increase of the low frequency/high frequency (HF) ratio during the first minute of stimulation in VA, indicating an initial increase of sympathetic activation. However, an increase of HF power in the minute after stimulation followed by a decrease in heart rate suggests delayed vagal activation. De qi (a sensation that is typical of acupuncture needling) occurred in 16 subjects during VA and in 9 volunteers during PA (80% versus 45%). CONCLUSIONS: Manual stimulation on LI4 seems to lead to specific changes in alpha EEG-frequency and in HRV parameters. A linear relationship between the HRV parameters and the alpha EEG band might point to a specific modulation of cerebral function by vegetative effects during acupuncture.

Can homeopathic verum and placebo globules be distinguished by UV spectroscopy?

Purpose: Homeopathic preparations are used in homeopathy and anthroposophically extended medicine. Previous studies described differences in UV transmission between homeopathic preparations of CuSO4 and controls. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether statistically significant differences can be found between homeopathic verum and placebo globules by UV spectroscopy. Methods: Verum (aconitum 30c, calcium carbonate/quercus e cortice) and placebo globules used in two previous clinical trials were dissolved in distilled water at 10mg/ml 20-23h prior to the measurements. Absorbance was measured at 190 – 340nm with a Shimadzu UV-1800 double beam spectrophotometer. Duplicates of each sample were measured in a randomized order 4 times on each of the 5 measurement days. To correct for differences between measurement days, average absorbance of all samples on one day was deduced from absorbance of the individual samples. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine group differences between the samples, and finally the coding of the samples was revealed. Results: First analysis showed significant differences (p≤0.05) in average UV absorbance at 200 – 290nm between the samples and a tendency of a correlation (p≤0.1) between absorbance and globule weight. More results will be presented at the conference. Conclusion: Since the absorbance of the samples at the wavelengths between 200 and 290nm was small, a number of aspects had to be considered and should be corrected for if they are present when performing UV spectroscopy on homeopathic globules: 1. Exact weighing of the globules. 2. Measurement error of the spectrophotometer at small absorbances. 3. Drift of the spectrophotometer during a measurement day. 4. Differences between measurement days. The question remains what caused the differences in absorbance found in these experiments: the use of the original material for the production of the verum globules, differences in the production of verum and placebo globules, or other context factors.

Triginta septem demonstrationes, quibus apodicticè evincitur, Jesum Christum verum : & aeternum cum patre & spiritu sancto Deum esse ante secula in V. Testamento quoque agnitum cultumque ... : cum historia conversionis ... Johannem Botsaccum

Johann Salomone

El principio gnoseológico verum ipsum factum y la enseñanza de la filosofía en la escuela media

Fil: Alarcón, Patricio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El principio gnoseológico verum ipsum factum y la enseñanza de la filosofía en la escuela media

Fil: Alarcón, Patricio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

De Nola ; opusculum, distinctum, plenum, clarum, doctum, pulcrum, verum, graue, varium & vtile.

Corrigenda: B3-B4r. Register: B4r.

Libellus, in quo demonstratur quod non solum vegetabilia, animalia, et mineralia menstruo simplici paucis horis possint solvi, verum etiam extracta purissima, et salia essentialia educi /

Mode of access: Internet.

Francisci Mariae Constantini J. C. Nobilis Asculani, ... Obseruationes Forenses Practicabiles, seu Commentaria ad varia Capita Statutorum Almae Urbis; quibus multa, nedum ipsis statutis, verum Juri Communi accommodata, clara methodo explanantur, & dilucidantur : Tomus secundus, in quo materiae comprehensae in elencho Capitum, ac Indice Argumentorum exprimuntur, cum triplici indice, primo capitum statutorum, secundo argumentorum, tertio rerum ac vervorum locupletissimo; additis decisionibus Sacrae Rotae Romanae, nullibi adhuc impressis, materias commentatas confirmantibus.

Mode of access: Internet.

Iulii Caesaris Baricelli ... De hydronosa natura, siue Sudore humani corporis libri quatuor : in quibus non solum de origine, differentiis & praesagio, verum atq de usu apparatu, et curatione sudorum disseritur ... cum duplici indice ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Redivivi Michaelis Potier philosophi hermetici Apologia, contra alchymistam impostorem, qui philosophum hunc in arte lapidis philosophorum verum ac indubitatum, imposturae suspectum facere conatus est. Fidem ut sibi apud rerum incautos pararet ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Praxis rerum Fori Ecclesiastici, et variae decisiones nedum Curiae Archiepiscopalis Neapolit. verum etiam aliorum Tribunalium Ecclesiasticorum eiusdem Regni, causarum delegatarum vel ad Consilium auctoris transmissarum ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Jacobi Pignatelli ... Consultationes canonicae : in quibus praecipuae controversiae ... opus omnibus utriusque fori judicibus, jurisconsultis ... cum duplici indice, altero consultationum singulis tomis praefizo, altero verum notabilium expluribus in unum generalem coacto, singularique volumine comprehenso : tomus primus.

Mode of access: Internet.