Descrição cariotípica de peixes dos gêneros Baryancistrus, Parancistrus, Peckoltia e Ancistrus (Ancistrinae, Loricariidae) da Bacia Amazônica

A subfamília Ancistrinae é uma das mais diversificadas entre os Loricariidae, incluindo cerca de 200 espécies distribuídas em 26 gêneros. Esses peixes são facilmente reconhecidos pela presença de placas ósseas dispostas em séries ao longo do corpo e pela presença de boca em posição ventral anterior. São vulgarmente conhecidos por acaris, bodós, cascudos. As espécies da subfamília Ancistrinae representam um importante recurso sócio-econômico, constituindo uma das mais importantes atividades comerciais no município de Altamira-PA. Foram analisadas, através das técnicas convencionais (Giemsa, bandeamento C e Ag-NORs) e técnica de fluorocromo (Cromomicina A3), dez espécies de peixes da subfamília Ancistrinae pertencentes a quatro gêneros (Baryancistrus, Parancistrus, Peckoltia e Ancistrus). As espécies do gênero Baryancistrus revelaram um número diplóide 2n= 52 e NF=104. A NOR foi encontrada em posição intersticial no braço curto de um par cromossômico do tipo meta/submetacêntrico. A espécie B. aff. niveatus apresentou grandes blocos heterocromáticos ricos em pares de bases G-C como apomorfia, sendo esta espécie considerada como mais derivada cariotipicamente entre os Baryancistrus. As espécies do gênero Parancistrus apresentaram uma estrutura cariotípica muito similar àquela encontrada em Baryancistrus, apresentando as Regiões Organizadoras de Nucléolos como uma provável sinapomorfia entre os dois gêneros. Os representantes do gênero Peckoltia possuem número diplóide 2n=52 e NF=102. Todas as espécies analisadas apresentaram grandes blocos heterocromáticos, envolvendo quase todos os braços longos de alguns pares cromossomos do tipo submetacêntricos e subtelocêntricos, sendo esta característica uma provável sinapornorfia para este grupo. A NOR foi localizada no braço longo de um par de cromossomos submetacêntricos em P. vittata e em no máximo três cromossomos nas espécies Peckoltia sp.1 e Peckoltia sp.2. A espécie Ancistrus ranunculus foi a que apresentou o cariótipo mais derivado entre as espécies estudadas, com o número dipló ide igual a 48 cromossomos e NF 80. As análises citogenéticas feitas até agora sugerem que os principais eventos de diversificação cariotípica para os Ancistrinae foram às inversões, a exceção de Ancistrus ranunculus que apresentou também rearranjos Robertsonianos.

Chromosomal diversity in three species of electric fish (Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon Basin

Cytogenetic studies were carried out on samples of Parapteronotus hasemani, Sternarchogiton preto and Sternarchorhamphus muelleri (Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon basin. The first two species exhibited both a 2n = 52 karyotype, but differed in their karyotypic formulae, distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, and chromosomal location of the NOR. The third species, Sternarchorhamphus muelleri, was found to have a 2n = 32 karyotype. In all three species the DAPI and chromomycin A3 staining results were consistent with the C-banding results and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) localization. The 18S rDNA probe confirmed that there was only one pair of ribosomal DNA cistron bearers per species. The telomeric probe did not reveal interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS). The karyotypic differences among these species can be used for taxonomic identification. These data will be useful in future studies of these fishes and help understanding the phylogenetic relationships and chromosomal evolution of the Apteronotidae.

Alterações cromossômicas estruturais e evolução caritotípica em Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Early and late effects of Ibuprofen on mouse sperm parameters, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity in mice

Background: There are few studies indicating the detrimental effects of ibuprofen on sperm fertility potential and DNA integrity. Objective: To determine the effects of Ibuprofen on sperm parameters, chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 adult male mice with average weight 37 gr were divided into three groups, including control (group I, n=12), normal dosage of ibuprofen (group II, n=12) and high dosage (group III, n=12). Ibuprofen with different doses was dissolved in daily water of animals. After 35, 70 and 105 days, the cauda epididymis of mice were cut and incubated in Ham’s F10 media. Sperm samples were analyzed for parameters (motility, morphology and count), DNA integrity (SCD test) and chromatin condensation (chromomycin A3 and Aniline blue staining). Results: After 35 days, in addition to above mentioned sperm parameters, all of the treated mice showed statistically significant increase in spermatozoa with immature chromatin (P<0.05). However, after 70 days, the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation assessed by SCD was increased in group II (66.5±0.7) and the percentage of immature spermatozoa (AB+ and CMA3+) was higher in group III (77.5±0.7 and 49.5±6.3 respectively) than other groups. After 105 days, the AB+ spermatozoa were increased in both normal dose and high dose groups. Conclusion: Ibuprofen may cause a significant reduction in sperm parameters and sperm chromatin/DNA integrity in mice. It should be noted that these deleterious effects are dose-dependent and can be seen in early and late stage of drug treatments.

Cytogenetic characterization of the Passiflora edulis Sims x Passiflora cincinnata Mast. interspecific hybrid and its parents.

The genus Passiflora L. consists of approximately 530 widely distributed species, including Passiflora edulis, which has drawn interest because of its commercial and agronomic value. Passiflora cincinnata is another important species owing to its long flowering period and resistance or tolerance to diseases and pests. In the present study, the meiotic segregation and pollen viability of an interspecific hybrid (P. edulis x P. cincinnata) and its parents were analyzed. The genomic contents were characterized using chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/40-60-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5S/45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results indicated the diploid chromosome number for the parents and interspecific hybrid was 2n = 18. We also observed regular meiosis, one pair of S rDNA sites, and two pairs of 45S rDNA sites that colocalized with two pairs of CMA3 /DAPI- bands. The GISH data revealed three distinct chromosomal groups in the hybrid. The genetic origins of the interspecific hybrid, and its relationship with its parents were also confirmed using ISSR markers.

Formation and structure of composite coating of HDA and micro-plasma oxidation on A3 steel

Composite coatings were obtained on A3 steel by hot dipping aluminum(HDA) at 720 ℃ for 6 min and micro-plasma oxidation(MPO) in alkali electrolyte. The surface morphology, element distribution and interface structure of composite coatings were studied by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the composite coatings obtained through HDA/MPO on A3 steel consist of four layers. From the surface to the substrate, the layer is loose Al2O3 ceramic, compact Al2O3 ceramic, Al and FeAl intermetallic compound layer in turn. The adhesions among all the layers are strengthened because the ceramic layer formed at the Al surface originally, FeAl intermetallic compound layer and substrate are combined in metallurgical form through mutual diffusion during HDA process.Initial experiment results disclose that the anti-corrosion performance and wear resistance of composite coating are obviously improved through HDA/MPO treatment.

Formation and Structure of Composite Coating of HAD and Micro-Plasma Oxidation on A3 Steel

Composite coatings were obtained on A3 steel by hot dipping aluminum(HAD) at 720 degreesC for 6 min and micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in alkali electrolyte. The surface morphology, element distribution and interface structure of composite coatings were studied by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the composite coatings obtained through HAD/MPO on A3 steel consist of four layers. From the surface to the substrate, the layer is loose Al2O3 ceramic, compact Al2O3 ceramic, At and FeAl intermetallic compound layer in turn. The adhesions among all the layers are strengthened because the ceramic layer formed at the At surface originally, FeAl intermetallic compound layer and substrate are combined in metallurgical form through mutual diffusion during HAD process. Initial experiment results disclose that the anti-corrosion performance and wear resistance of composite coating are obviously improved through HAD/MPO treatment.

Karta öfver Finland (Sektionen A3)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 50,6 x 43 cm, lehti 58 x 50,3 cm

Optimización y validación de un método analítico por CLAR fase reversa para el análisis de peroxisomicinas A2, A3 e isoperoxisomicinas A1 y A2

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Analítica Biomédica) UANL

Proyectos de transición entre ciclos: de 0-3 a3-6.

En este artículo se habla del plan de acogida y adaptación de los alumnos y familias en la escuela.