Bacia 3 - Inventário Florestal Comercial

Inventário Florestal da Bacia 3 do projeto "Manejo Ecológico e Exploração da Floresta Tropical Úmida" para a avaliação dos potenciais quantitativo e qualitativo da cobertura florestal existente na área, com base em medições e observações em árvores com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) maior ou igual a 25 cm, de uma população florestal de 96 hectares. A área coberta pelo inventário é composta de 4 blocos de 24 hectares cada, os quais serão destinados às pesquisas de manejo da regeneração natural enriquecimento da floresta natural e regeneração artificial. Localiza-se entre o km 21 e o km 24 na margem esquerda da vicinal ZF-2, no Distrito Agropecuário da SUFRAMA (Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus).

Multiscaling and information content of natural color images

Naive scale invariance is not a true property of natural images. Natural monochrome images possess a much richer geometrical structure, which is particularly well described in terms of multiscaling relations. This means that the pixels of a given image can be decomposed into sets, the fractal components of the image, with well-defined scaling exponents [Turiel and Parga, Neural Comput. 12, 763 (2000)]. Here it is shown that hyperspectral representations of natural scenes also exhibit multiscaling properties, observing the same kind of behavior. A precise measure of the informational relevance of the fractal components is also given, and it is shown that there are important differences between the intrinsically redundant red-green-blue system and the decorrelated one defined in Ruderman, Cronin, and Chiao [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 2036 (1998)].

Lack of the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 causes tremors, seizures, and early postnatal death in mice.

The Na(+)-independent alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1) is exclusively expressed in neuronal structures throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Asc-1 transports small neutral amino acids with high affinity especially for D-serine and glycine (K(i): 8-12 microM), two endogenous glutamate co-agonists that activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors through interacting with the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding-site. By regulating D-serine (and possibly glycine) levels in the synaptic cleft, Asc-1 may play an important role in controlling neuronal excitability. We generated asc-1 gene knockout (asc-1(-/-)) mice to test this hypothesis. Behavioral phenotyping combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings revealed that asc-1(-/-) mice developed tremors, ataxia, and seizures that resulted in early postnatal death. Both tremors and seizures were reduced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Extracellular recordings from asc-1(-/-) brain slices indicated that the spontaneous seizure activity did not originate in the hippocampus, although, in this region, a relative increase in evoked synaptic responses was observed under nominal Mg(2+)-free conditions. Taken together with the known neurochemistry and neuronal distribution of the Asc-1 transporter, these results indicate that the mechanism underlying the behavioral hyperexcitability in mutant mice is likely due to overactivation of NMDA receptors, presumably resulting from elevated extracellular D-serine. Our study provides the first evidence to support the notion that Asc-1 transporter plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability, and indicate that the transporter is vital for normal CNS function and essential to postnatal survival of mice.

Essential surgery: the way forward.

INTRODUCTION: Very little surgical care is performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An estimated two billion people in the world have no access to essential surgical care, and non-surgeons perform much of the surgery in remote and rural areas. Surgical care is as yet not recognized as an integral aspect of primary health care despite its self-demonstrated cost-effectiveness. We aimed to define the parameters of a public health approach to provide surgical care to areas in most need. METHODS: Consensus meetings were held, field experience was collected via targeted interviews, and a literature review on the current state of essential surgical care provision in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was conducted. Comparisons were made across international recommendations for essential surgical interventions and a consensus-driven list was drawn up according to their relative simplicity, resource requirement, and capacity to provide the highest impact in terms of averted mortality or disability. RESULTS: Essential Surgery consists of basic, low-cost surgical interventions, which save lives and prevent life-long disability or life-threatening complications and may be offered in any district hospital. Fifteen essential surgical interventions were deduced from various recommendations from international surgical bodies. Training in the realm of Essential Surgery is narrow and strict enough to be possible for non-physician clinicians (NPCs). This cadre is already active in many SSA countries in providing the bulk of surgical care. CONCLUSION: A basic package of essential surgical care interventions is imperative to provide structure for scaling up training and building essential health services in remote and rural areas of LMICs. NPCs, a health cadre predominant in SSA, require training, mentoring, and monitoring. The cost of such training is vastly more efficient than the expensive training of a few polyvalent or specialist surgeons, who will not be sufficient in numbers within the next few generations. Moreover, these practitioners are used to working in the districts and are much less prone to gravitate elsewhere. The use of these NPCs performing "Essential Surgery" is a feasible route to deal with the almost total lack of primary surgical care in LMICs.

Composição florística e estrutura do componente arbóreo de uma área transicional de Floresta Atlântica no sul da Bahia, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar a existência de uma possível transição florística ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal numa floresta serrana do sul da Bahia, Brasil. A área amostrada situa-se em uma zona de transição (leste-oeste) entre florestas ombrófilas e estacionais. Um transecto linear abrangendo um hectare (10 × 1.000 m) foi situado na encosta da serra (de ca. 350 a 750 m.s.m.). Todas as árvores e lianas com DAP > 5 foram numeradas, coletadas e medidas. Foram calculados valores de densidade, dominância, frequência e valor de importância (VI) para cada espécie amostrada. Foram amostrados 1.400 indivíduos agrupados em 264 espécies e 56 famílias de angiospermas. Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze teve o maior VI, devido à elevada dominância de poucos indivíduos. Discocarpus pedicellatus Fiaschi & Cordeiro e Ampelocera glabra Kuhlm. foram as espécies mais frequentes, com 90 e 86 indivíduos respectivamente. Noventa e seis espécies foram representadas por apenas um indivíduo. As famílias mais diversas foram Fabaceae e Myrtaceae com 37 e 31 espécies respectivamente. Análises de agrupamento e correspondência (DCA) revelaram que a composição florística da floresta situada na porção mais alta do transecto foi distinta da restante. As florestas de porções mais baixas e mais altas do fragmento puderam ser consideradas respectivamente como semideciduais e ombrófilas. Embora haja diferenças florísticas evidentes entre essas florestas, ambas estão claramente vinculadas ao setor sul-Baiano da Mata Atlântica.

Auction Sale Notice

Auction Sale notice concerning a brick and stone carpenter shop; a frame wheel-house building and a stone machine shop building all located on Cascade Street in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The Superintendent of the State Reservation at Niagara is listed as Thomas W. Welch. The names Thomas Dolphin – Suspension Bridge; W.A. Frazer – Suspension Bridge; Alice L. [illegible] – Niagara Falls and James C. [illegible] are written on the notice in blue pencil. There is a tear at the top of the notice and wear along the sides. Text is not affected. The item is slightly discoloured and mounted on cardboard, 28 cm x 20 cm, January 27, 1886.

Análisis del proceso de transformación de la política china, a traves del modelo de apertura económica

Este trabajo analiza el proceso vivido por la República Popular de China después de 1976, bajo el modelo de Apertura Económica implementado por Deng Xiaoping, las razones que llevaron al Estado a implementar un sistema de Mercado con características propias de China y el papel que jugó los Estados Unidos y los Organismos Internacionales en este proceso, bajo el modelo de Interdependencia Compleja

La experiencia de los receptores en el trasplante de órganos y tejidos

El trasplante de órganos y/o tejidos es considerado como una opción terapéutica viable para el tratamiento tanto de enfermedades crónicas o en estadios terminales, como de afectaciones no vitales, pero que generen una disminución en la calidad de vida percibida por el paciente. Este procedimiento, de carácter multidimensional, está compuesto por 3 actores principales: el donante, el órgano/tejido, y el receptor. Si bien un porcentaje significativo de investigaciones y planes de intervención han girado en torno a la dimensión biológica del trasplante, y a la promoción de la donación; el interés por la experiencia psicosocial y la calidad de vida de los receptores en este proceso ha aumentado durante la última década. En relación con esto, la presente monografía se plantea como objetivo general la exploración de la experiencia y los significados construidos por los pacientes trasplantados, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre esta temática. Para ello, se plantearon unos objetivos específicos derivados del general, se seleccionaron términos o palabras claves por cada uno de estos, y se realizó una búsqueda en 5 bases de datos para revistas indexadas: Ebsco Host (Academic Search; y Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection); Proquest; Pubmed; y Science Direct. A partir de los resultados, se establece que si bien la vivencia de los receptores ha comenzado a ser investigada, aún es necesaria una mayor exploración sobre la experiencia de estos pacientes; exploración que carecería de objetivo si no se hiciera a través de las narrativas o testimonios de los mismos receptores

Crisis, paz y conflictos

Los textos que conforman este volumen iluminan muchas conexiones entre el desarrollo local y el global y su manera de afectar algunos conflictos específicos. El autor le otorga particular atención al complejo conflicto dominante en Colombia, con sus características especiales, su geografía, su demografía y su cultura particular.Cuidadosamente, él examina las tendencias mundiales y cómo este conflicto se relaciona con una seguridad internacional extremadamente desafiante que opera en contextos cambiantes. En esta labor, el autor traza ciertos lineamientos acerca de las vías, mecanismos y fórmulas para entender, abordar y hasta emprender conflictos de manera constructiva en vez de hacerlo de manera destructiva.