“It’s like a problem that doesn’t exist”: The emotional well-being of mothers caring for a child with brain injury.

Background: Although research has shown that significant burden and adverse psychological impact are associated with caring for a child with brain injury, limited knowledge exists concerning the qualitative experience and impact of this burden.
Objective: To provide an account of the experiences of mothers who care for a childhood survivor of brain injury.
Research design: Postal survey.
Methods and procedures: A self-report questionnaire was sent to a consecutive sample of mothers (n=86) of children (aged 8-28) with acquired brain injury, registered with a UK children’s brain injury charity. Five essay style questions enabled mothers to reflect on and describe at length their caring experiences, with particular emphasis placed on the perceived impact on emotional well-being.
Main outcomes and results: Thematic analysis identified five key themes: Perpetually Anxious, The Guilty Carer, The Labour of Caring, A Self-Conscious Apologist and Perpetually Grieving. Collectively, these themes highlight two core processes shaping mothers’ caring experiences and concomitant mental well-being. Firstly, the collective and enduring nature of caregiver burden over time. Second, the crucial role played by socio-cultural values in perpetuating caregiver burden.
Conclusions: Societal norms, particularly those relating to the nature and outcome of brain injury and motherhood, serve to marginalise mothers and increase feelings of isolation. Findings suggest the value of peer support programs as an effective means of providing appropriate social support.

Life situations and the care burden for stroke pa­tients and their informal caregivers in a prospective cohort study

Background. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether the parallel life situation between stroke patients and their informal caregivers (dyads) shown in cross-sectional studies prevails also in a longitudinal perspective. Methods. A total of 377 Swedish stroke patients, aged ‡65 years, and their 268 informal caregivers were followed from hospital admission and one year on. Analyses were based on patient interviews, functional ability (MMSE) score, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score, self-rated health score, and the Gothenburg Quality of Life (GQL) activity score. Similar information was obtained by postal questionnaires from informal caregivers, also including information on the nature and amount of assistance provided and on Caregiver Burden (CB) score. Results. Before index admission informal caregivers provided care on average 5 h per week and after discharge 11 h per week (P < 0.0001). Support volume was associated with patient sex (more for men), low patient’s functional ability, low received municipal social service support, closeness of patient–caregiver relation, and short distance to patient’s home. Significant positive associations within the dyads were found for HAD anxiety score (P < 0.0001), total NHP score (P < 0.0001), and GQL activity score (P < 0.0001) after adjustment for patient’s age, sex, functional ability, and patient–caregiver relationship. CB score increased with amount of informal caregiver support, patient’s age, and with low functional ability and low amount of municipal social service support. All these associations were constant across time. Conclusions. There was an association within the dyads regarding anxiety score, NHP score, and activity score. CB score was generally high.

Quality of life and caregiver outcomes following decompressive hemicraniectomy for severe stroke: A narrative literature review

AIMS The aim of this narrative review of the literature was to examine the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of aggressive surgical interventions for severe stroke on patient and caregiver quality of life and caregiver outcomes. BACKGROUND Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) is a surgical therapeutic option for treatment of massive middle cerebral artery infarction (MCA), lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Decompressive hemicraniectomy has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in these three life-threatening conditions. Significant functional impairment is an experience common to many severe stroke survivors worldwide and close relatives experience decision-making difficulty when confronted with making life or death choices related to surgical intervention for severe stroke. DATA SOURCES Academic Search Premier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, and PsychInfo. REVIEW METHODS A narrative review methodology was utilized in this review of the literature related to long-term outcomes following decompressive hemicraniectomy for stroke. The key words decompressive hemicraniectomy, severe stroke, middle cerebral artery stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lobar ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage, quality of life, and caregivers, literature review were combined to search the databases. RESULTS Good functional outcomes following DHC for life-threatening stroke have been shown to be associated with younger age and few co-morbid conditions. It was also apparent that quality of life was reduced for many stroke survivors, although not assessed routinely in studies. Caregiver burden has not been systematically studied in this population. CONCLUSION Most patients and caregivers in the studies reviewed agreed with the original decision to undergo DHC and would make the same decision again. However, little is known about quality of life for both patients and caregivers and caregiver burden over the long-term post-surgery. Further research is needed to generate information and interventions for the management of ongoing patient and carer recovery following DHC for severe stroke.

Functional and psychosocial outcomes 1 year after mild stroke

Background Mild stroke survivors are generally discharged from acute care within a few days of the stroke event, often without rehabilitation follow-up. We aimed to examine the recovery trajectory for male patients and their wife-caregivers during the 12 months postdischarge. Methods A descriptive study was undertaken to examine functional outcomes, quality of life (QOL), depression, caregiver strain, and marital function in a prospective cohort of male survivors of mild stroke and their wife-caregivers during the 12 months postdischarge. Data from each point in time were summarized and repeated measures analyses undertaken. Logistic regression was used to determine which baseline demographic and biopsychosocial variables influenced or predicted marital functioning 1 year postdischarge. Results A total of 38 male patients (mean age 63.4 years) and their wife-caregivers (mean age 58.5 years) were examined. The median discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 1.5, modified Rankin Scale score was 1.0, Barthel Index was 100.0, and Stroke Impact Scale-16v2 score was 78.5. The patients' modified Rankin Scale (function) and QOL scores improved significantly over time (F (2) = 4.583, P = .017; and F (6) = 5.632, P < .001, respectively). However, the wife-caregiver QOL scores did not change. Multivariate analysis revealed overall worsening of depression for both the patient and wife-caregivers (F (6, 32) = 3.087, P = .017) and marital function (F (6, 32) = 3.961, P = .004), although the wife-caregivers' perceptions of caregiver strain improved (F (6, 32) = 3.923, P = .007). None of the measured variables were associated with marital functioning 1 year postdischarge. Conclusions Despite improvement in patients' functional status, other patient and wife-caregiver psychosocial outcomes during the 12 months postdischarge may be negatively affected. Thus, attention needs to focus on recovery beyond functional outcomes.

A feasibility and pilot randomized controlled trial of the "Timing it Right Stroke Family Support Program"

- Objective Examine feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of the Timing it Right Stroke Family Support Program (TIRSFSP) and collect pilot data. - Design Multi-site mixed method randomized controlled trial. - Setting Acute and community care in three Canadian cities. - Subjects Caregivers were family members or friends providing care to individuals who experienced their first stroke. - Intervention The TIRSFSP offered in two formats, self-directed by the caregiver or stroke support person-directed over time, were compared to standard care. - Main Measures Caregivers completed baseline and follow-up measures 1, 3 and 6 months post-stroke including Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression, Positive Affect, Social Support, and Mastery Scales. We completed in-depth qualitative interviews with caregivers and maintained intervention records describing support provided to each caregiver. - Results Thirty-one caregivers received standard care (n=10), self-directed (n=10), or stroke support person-directed (n=11) interventions. We retained 77% of the sample through 6-months. Key areas of support derived from intervention records (n=11) related to caregiver wellbeing, caregiving strategies, patient wellbeing, community re-integration, and service delivery. Compared to standard care, caregivers receiving the stroke support person-directed intervention reported improvements in perceived support (estimate 3.1, P=.04) and mastery (estimate .35, P=.06). Qualitative caregiver interviews (n=19) reflected the complex interaction between caregiver needs, preferences and available options when reporting on level of satisfaction. - Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest the research design is feasible, caregivers’ needs are complex, and the support intervention may enhance caregivers’ perceived support and mastery. The intervention will be tested further in a large scale trial.

SWORD: an intelligent vibratory wearable device to improve rehabilitation in stroke patients

Anualmente ocorrem cerca de 16 milhões AVCs em todo o mundo. Cerca de metade dos sobreviventes irá apresentar défice motor que necessitará de reabilitação na janela dos 3 aos 6 meses depois do AVC. Nos países desenvolvidos, é estimado que os custos com AVCs representem cerca de 0.27% do Produto Interno Bruto de cada País. Esta situação implica um enorme peso social e financeiro. Paradoxalmente a esta situação, é aceite na comunidade médica a necessidade de serviços de reabilitação motora mais intensivos e centrados no doente. Na revisão do estado da arte, demonstra-se o arquétipo que relaciona metodologias terapêuticas mais intensivas com uma mais proficiente reabilitação motora do doente. Revelam-se também as falhas nas soluções tecnológicas existentes que apresentam uma elevada complexidade e custo associado de aquisição e manutenção. Desta forma, a pergunta que suporta o trabalho de doutoramento seguido inquire a possibilidade de criar um novo dispositivo de simples utilização e de baixo custo, capaz de apoiar uma recuperação motora mais eficiente de um doente após AVC, aliando intensidade com determinação da correcção dos movimentos realizados relativamente aos prescritos. Propondo o uso do estímulo vibratório como uma ferramenta proprioceptiva de intervenção terapêutica a usar no novo dispositivo, demonstra-se a tolerabilidade a este tipo de estímulos através do teste duma primeira versão do sistema apenas com a componente de estimulação num primeiro grupo de 5 doentes. Esta fase validará o subsequente desenvolvimento do sistema SWORD. Projectando o sistema SWORD como uma ferramenta complementar que integra as componentes de avaliação motora e intervenção proprioceptiva por estimulação, é descrito o desenvolvimento da componente de quantificação de movimento que o integra. São apresentadas as diversas soluções estudadas e o algoritmo que representa a implementação final baseada na fusão sensorial das medidas provenientes de três sensores: acelerómetro, giroscópio e magnetómetro. O teste ao sistema SWORD, quando comparado com o método de reabilitação tradicional, mostrou um ganho considerável de intensidade e qualidade na execução motora para 4 dos 5 doentes testados num segundo grupo experimental. É mostrada a versatilidade do sistema SWORD através do desenvolvimento do módulo de Tele-Reabilitação que complementa a componente de quantificação de movimento com uma interface gráfica de feedback e uma ferramenta de análise remota da evolução motora do doente. Finalmente, a partir da componente de quantificação de movimento, foi ainda desenvolvida uma versão para avaliação motora automatizada, implementada a partir da escala WMFT, que visa retirar o factor subjectivo da avaliação humana presente nas escalas de avaliação motora usadas em Neurologia. Esta versão do sistema foi testada num terceiro grupo experimental de cinco doentes.

Usual clinical practice for early supported discharge after stroke with continued rehabilitation at home : an observational comparative study

Introduction: Based on randomised controlled trials, evidence exists that early supported discharge (ESD) from the hospital with continued rehabilitation at home has beneficial effects after stroke; however, the effects of ESD service in regular clinical practice have not been investigated. The purpose of the current study was to compare ESD service with conventional rehabilitation in terms of patient outcomes, caregiver burden at 3 and 12 months and the use and costs of healthcare during the first year after stroke. Material and methods: This study was a subgroup analysis of a longitudinal observational study of patients who received care in the stroke unit at Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden. Patients who met the inclusion criteria for ESD in previous experimental studies were included. The patients were referred to available rehabilitation services at discharge, and comparisons between those who received ESD service (the ESD group, n = 40) and those who received conventional rehabilitation (the NoESD group, n = 110) were performed with regard to independence in activities of daily living (ADL), the frequency of social activities, life satisfaction, and caregiver burden and the use and costs of healthcare during the first year after stroke. Results: At 3 and 12 months, no differences were observed with regard to patient outcomes; however, ESD was associated with a lower caregiver burden (p = 0.01) at 12 months. The initial length of stay (LOS) at the hospital was 8 days for the ESD group and 15 days for the NoESD group (p = 0.02). The median number of outpatient rehabilitation contacts was 20.5 for the ESD group (81% constituting ESD service) and 3 for the NoESD group (p<0.001). There was no difference between the groups with regard to overall healthcare costs. Conclusions: ESD service in usual clinical practice renders similar health benefits as conventional rehabilitation but a different pattern of resource use and with released capacity in acute stroke care.

Longitudinal dyadic data analysis of stroke survivors and their spousal caregivers

Approximately 795,000 new and recurrent strokes occur each year. Because of the resulting functional impairment, stroke survivors are often discharged into the care of a family caregiver, most often their spouse. This dissertation explored the effect that mutuality, a measure of the perceived positive aspects of the caregiving relationship, had on the stress and depression of 159 stroke survivors and their spousal caregivers over the first 12 months post discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Specifically, cross-lagged regression was utilized to investigate the dyadic, longitudinal relationship between caregiver and stroke survivor mutuality and caregiver and stroke survivor stress over time. Longitudinal meditational analysis was employed to examine the mediating effect of mutuality on the dyads’ perception of family function and caregiver and stroke survivor depression over time.^ Caregivers’ mutuality was found to be associated with their own stress over time but not the stress of the stroke survivor. Caregivers who had higher mutuality scores over the 12 months of the study had lower perceived stress. Additionally, a partner effect of stress for the stroke survivor but not the caregiver was found, indicating that stroke survivors’ stress over time was associated with caregivers’ stress but caregivers’ stress over time was not significantly associated with the stress of the stroke survivor.^ This dissertation did not find mutuality to mediate the relationship between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ perception of family function at baseline and their own or their partners’ depression at 12 months as hypothesized. However, caregivers who perceived healthier family functioning at baseline and stroke survivors who had higher perceived mutuality at 12 months had lower depression at one year post discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Additionally, caregiver mutuality at 6 months, but not at baseline or 12 months, was found to be inversely related to caregiver depression at 12 months.^ These findings highlight the interpersonal nature of stress in the context of caregiving, especially among spousal relationships. Thus, health professionals should encourage caregivers and stroke survivors to focus on the positive aspects of the caregiving relationship in order to mitigate stress and depression. ^

Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia

Background: De-institutionalization of psychiatric patients has led to a greater emphasis on family management in the community, and family members are often overwhelmed by the demands that caring for a patient with schizophrenia involves. Most studies of family burden in schizophrenia have taken place in developed countries. The current study examined family burden and its correlates in a regional area of a medium income country in South America. Method: Sixty-five relatives of patients with schizophrenia who were attending a public mental health out-patient service in the province of Arica, Chile, were assessed on Spanish versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Average levels of burden were very high, particularly for mothers, carers with less education, carers of younger patients and carers of patients with more hospitalisations in the previous 3 years. Kinship and number of recent hospitalisations retained unique predictive variance in a multiple regression. Burden was the strongest predictor of SF-36 subscales, and the prediction from burden remained significant after entry of other potential predictors. Conclusions: In common with families in developed countries, family members of schizophrenia patients in regional Chile reported high levels of burden and related functional and health impact. The study highlighted the support needs of carers in contexts with high rates of poverty and limited health and community resources.

Smell and taste dysfunction following minor stroke: A case report

Smell (olfactory) and taste (gustatory) are key senses in the regulation of nourishment and individual safety. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions have been infrequently reported together in patients following stroke (Landis et al., 2006; Leopold et al., 2006). This case report details two patients who experienced smell and taste dysfunction following minor stroke events. Symptoms reported included hyposmia (diminished sense of smell) and anosmia (complete loss of smell), and dysgeusia (distorted taste). Patients' sense of smell and taste were assessed in an ambulatory care stroke prevention clinic eight months following their strokes. Patient A presented with minor stroke due to a lesion in the anterior circulation, patient B with a lesion in the posterior circulation. Both patients reported intense olfactory and gustatory dysfunction immediately following their strokes. Examination revealed a general inability to detect subtle odours and the ability to identify only 'sweet' tastes for both patients. In addition, both patients reported heavily salting or sweetening their food to mask the distorted and unpleasant taste, which also impacted comorbid conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Patients and their spouses reported a decrease in their appreciation of family-related activities due to the patients' olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Patients reported weight loss, lack of energy and strength, likely due to poor nutrition. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are potentially deleterious outcomes following minor stroke and should be assessed by health care professionals prior to patient discharge. Assistance may be required to promote the health and well-being of patients and their carers if smell and taste are impacted by the stroke event.

Comparing the decline in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in neighbouring countries with different healthcare systems

Objective
To examine age and gender specific trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality in two neighbouring countries, the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI). Design Epidemiological study of time trends in CHD and stroke mortality.

Setting/patients
The populations of the ROI and NI, 1985–2010.

Interventions
None.

Main outcome measures
Directly age standardised CHD and stroke mortality rates were calculated and analysed using joinpoint regression to identify years where the slope of the linear trend changed significantly. This was performed separately for specific age groups (25–54, 55–64, 65–74 and 75–84 years) and by gender. Annual percentage change (APC) and 95% CIs are presented.

Results
There was a striking similarity between the two countries, with percentage change between 1985 and 1989 and between 2006 and 2010 of 67% and 69% in
CHD mortality, and 64% and 62% in stroke mortality for the ROI and NI, respectively. However, joinpoint analysis identified differences in the pace of change between the two countries. There was an accelerated pace of decline (negative APC) in mortality for both CHD and stroke in both countries from the mid-1990s (APC ROI −8% (95% CI −9.5 to 6.5) and NI −6.6% (−6.9 to −6.3)), but the accelerated decrease started later for CHD mortality in the ROI. In recent years, a levelling off in CHD mortality was observed in the 25–54 year age group in NI and in stroke mortality for men and women in the ROI.

Conclusions
While differences in the pace of change in mortality were observed at different time points, similar, substantial decreases in CHD and stroke mortality were achieved between 1985 and 1989 and between 2006 and 2010 in the ROI and NI despite important differences in health service structures. There is evidence of a levelling in mortality rates in some groups in recent years.

Multiple Biomarkers for the prediction of ischemic stroke: the PRIME study

Objective: To simultaneously evaluate 14 biomarkers from distinct biological pathways for risk prediction of ischemic stroke, including biomarkers of hemostasis, inflammation, and endothelial activation as well as chemokines and adipocytokines.
Methods and Results: The Prospective Epidemiological Study on Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) is a cohort of 9771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age who were followed up over 10 years. In a nested case–control study, 95 ischemic stroke cases were matched with 190 controls. After multivariable adjustment for traditional risk factors, fibrinogen (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.28), E-selectin (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06–2.93), interferon-γ-inducible-protein-10 (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06–2.78), resistin (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.30–6.27), and total adiponectin (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04–3.19) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Adding E-selectin and resistin to a traditional risk factor model significantly increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve from 0.679 (95% CI, 0.612–0.745) to 0.785 and 0.788, respectively, and yielded a categorical net reclassification improvement of 29.9% (P=0.001) and 28.4% (P=0.002), respectively. Their simultaneous inclusion in the traditional risk factor model increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to 0.824 (95% CI, 0.770–0.877) and resulted in an net reclassification improvement of 41.4% (P<0.001). Results were confirmed when using continuous net reclassification improvement.
Conclusion: Among multiple biomarkers from distinct biological pathways, E-selectin and resistin provided incremental and additive value to traditional risk factors in predicting ischemic stroke.

Moderators of the Relationship between Family Caregiver Proxy-Ratings and Person with Dementia Self-Ratings of Quality of Life

As the dementia spectrum lacks any viable cure, quality of life is typically regarded as an essential measure of assessing the clinical course and evaluating interventions. With caregivers typically providing this rating to health professionals, the literature has noted inconsistencies between caregiver and person with dementia (PwD) ratings of quality of life and suggested several factors may moderate the rating relationship. To investigate this, an intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to observe rating agreement and moderator regression analysis was conducted to explore potential moderators. Potential moderators of caregiver burden, caregiver age, caregiver income, PwD IADLs/ADLs, PwD education, PwD cognitive impairment, PwD depressive symptom severity, PwD behavioural symptom severity, as well as relationship between caregiver and PwD. Utilizing secondary data from 107 recruited dyads, analyses conducted found fair agreement between caregivers and those with dementia while none of the hypothesized factors were found to moderate the rating relationship.

L’utilisation des services de centre de jour par les personnes âgées qui présentent des incapacités

Contexte: Les centres de jour offrent des interventions de groupe à des personnes âgées qui présentent des incapacités, dans le but de favoriser leur maintien à domicile. Des études récentes tendent à démontrer qu’une utilisation régulière du service serait nécessaire pour induire des effets bénéfiques. Objectifs: Cette recherche visait à documenter l’utilisation des centres de jour par des personnes âgées qui présentent des incapacités. Elle comportait trois principaux objectifs: 1) Caractériser les utilisateurs de centre de jour et ce qui les distingue des non-utilisateurs et analyser les déterminants de l’utilisation du centre de jour. 2) Explorer l’adéquation entre les activités offertes par les centres de jour et les caractéristiques d’autonomie et de santé des utilisateurs. 3) Définir les facteurs associés à la régularité de la participation. Méthodes: Cette recherche s’appuie sur une analyse secondaire de données recueillies auprès de 723 personnes âgées qui ont participé au projet de démonstration SIPA (Services intégrés pour personnes âgées) implanté dans deux CLSC de la région de Montréal. L’utilisation du centre de jour a été documentée pendant une période de six mois, auprès des cinq centres de jour existant sur ce même territoire. Des informations sur le fonctionnement des centres de jour ont été obtenues par des entrevues et des rencontres de groupe auprès de coordonnateurs de ces centres. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives, d’analyses en regroupement et d’analyses de régression logistique et multiple. Résultats: Les résultats sont présentés dans trois articles, soit un pour chacun des objectifs. Article 1: La proportion d’utilisateurs de centre de jour est de 18,8% (IC-0,95: 16,0 à 21,7%). Les facteurs suivants augmentent la probabilité d’utiliser le centre de jour: être plus jeune (RC: 1,12; IC-0,95: 1,06 à 1,19); ne pas avoir une éducation universitaire (RC: 1,92; IC-0,95: 1,04 à 3,57); recevoir l’aide du CLSC pour les activités de vie quotidienne plus d’une fois par semaine (RC: 1,73 et 2,48 pour aide de deux à cinq fois par semaine et aide de six à sept fois par semaine respectivement; IC-0,95: 1,06 à 2,80 et 1,22 à 5,06); faire partie du bassin de desserte d’un centre de jour dont les coûts sont moins élevés (RC: 1,054 ; IC-0,95: 1,001 à 1,108 pour chaque augmentation de 1$); et pour les hommes seulement, avoir déjà subi un accident vasculaire cérébral et présenter davantage d’incapacités fonctionnelles (interaction entre le sexe et la présence d’un AVC: RC: 0,298; IC-0,95: 0,108 à 0,825; interaction entre le sexe et les capacités fonctionnelles mesurées à l’OARS: RC: 1,096; IC-0,95: 1,019 à 1,178). De plus, on observe une plus grande probabilité d’utiliser le centre de jour chez les personnes qui cohabitent avec une personne de soutien. Toutefois, cette relation ne s’observe que chez les personnes nées au Canada (interaction entre la cohabitation avec la personne de soutien et le pays de naissance: RC: 0,417; IC-0,95: 0,185 à 0,938). Article 2: Des analyses en regroupement ont permis de distinguer quatre profils de participants ayant des caractéristiques similaires: 1) les personnes fragilisées par un âge avancé et un grand nombre de problèmes de santé; 2) les participants plus jeunes et plus autonomes que la moyenne, qui semblent des utilisateurs précoces; 3) les personnes qui présentent des incapacités d’origine cognitive; et 4) celles qui présentent des incapacités d’origine motrice. Les activités de groupe des centres de jour ont été regroupées en huit catégories: exercices physiques; groupe spécifique pour un diagnostic ou un problème fonctionnel commun; activités fonctionnelles; stimulation cognitive; activités musicales ou de réminiscence; sports et jeux physiques; intégration sociale; prévention et promotion de la santé. Les activités les plus fréquentes sont les exercices physiques et les activités d’intégration sociale auxquelles ont participé plus de 90% des utilisateurs de centre de jour, et ce en moyenne à respectivement 78% (±23%) et 72% (±24%) de leurs présences au centre de jour. Les autres catégories d’activités rejoignent de 45% à 77% des participants, et ce en moyenne à 35% (±15%) à 46% (±33%) de leurs présences. La participation aux diverses catégories d’activités a été étudiée pour chaque profil d’utilisateurs et comparée aux activités recommandées pour divers types de clientèle. On observe une concordance partielle entre les activités offertes et les besoins des utilisateurs. Cette concordance apparaît plus grande pour les participants qui présentent des problèmes de santé physique ou des incapacités d’origine motrice et plus faible pour ceux qui présentent des symptômes dépressifs ou des atteintes cognitives. Article 3: Les participants au centre de jour y sont inscrits en moyenne à raison de 1,56 (±0,74) jours par semaine mais sont réellement présents à 68,1% des jours attendus. Les facteurs suivants sont associés à une participation plus régulière au centre de jour en termes de taux de présences réelles / présences attendues: ne pas avoir travaillé dans le domaine de la santé (b: ,209; IC-0,95: ,037 à ,382); recevoir de l’aide du CLSC les jours de fréquentation du centre de jour (b: ,124; IC-0,95: ,019 à ,230); être inscrit pour la journée plutôt que la demi-journée (b: ,209: IC-0,95: ,018 à ,399); lors de ses présences au centre de jour, avoir une moins grande proportion d’activités de prévention et promotion de la santé (b: ,223; IC-0,95: ,044 à ,402); et enfin, avoir un aidant qui présente un fardeau moins élevé pour les personnes avec une atteinte cognitive et un fardeau plus élevé pour les personnes sans atteinte cognitive (interaction entre la présence d’atteinte cognitive et le fardeau de l’aidant: b: -,008; IC-0,95: -,014 à -,044). Conclusion: Conformément à leur mission, les centres de jour rejoignent une bonne proportion des personnes âgées qui présentent des incapacités. Cette étude fait ressortir les caractéristiques des personnes les plus susceptibles d’y participer. Elle suggère la nécessité de revoir la planification des activités pour assurer une offre de services qui tienne davantage compte des besoins des participants, en particulier de ceux qui présentent des atteintes cognitives et des symptômes de dépression. Elle démontre aussi que l’intensité d’exposition au service semble faible, ce qui soulève la question des seuils d’exposition nécessaires pour induire des effets favorables sur le maintien à domicile et sur la qualité de vie de la clientèle cible.