998 resultados para Capacidade de carga de estacas
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The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic´s body that it has been accelerated for the human´s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic´s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Seridó of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs
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This work presents results of field and laboratory tests using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, DCP. The tests were performed in order to evaluate the use of the equipment in sand for the control of bearing capacity of shallow foundations and fill compaction. For shallow foundations, the laboratory tests were conducted on sand placed in a metallic mould by the method of sand pluviation. Although the results show the inability to reproduce field conditions in the laboratory it was possible to verify the ability of the DCP to identify less resistant soil layers. The DCP tests for the analysis of compaction control were performed in a strong box with inside dimensions of 1,40 m x 1,40 m and 0,70 m in height. The soil layers were compacted with different densities though the use of a vibrating plate in order to obtain correlations between penetration index, DPI, and soil relative density. Other tests were also conducted to assess the influence of soil moisture on tests results. Among other findings, the results showed the great potential for the use of DCP to control the compaction of sand fills
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The tourist use of Santana cave provides a row of environmental damages, compromising partially the pristine conditions. Among the measures adopted to avoid this situation, this issue presents a contribution for the physical limits to tourist visitation and the indications for speleotouristic management. It was used the Cifuentes Carrying Capacity method and some basic principles of Visitors Impact Management Framework - VIM. The results show a Real Carrying Capacity (CCR) about 120 visits daily on the cave. The discussions raise a few hypotheses about the alteration in the method used and the temporal frequency between visitors groups, suggesting a provisional CCR of 117 and 135 visitors daily, respectively, during the week and in the weekends and holidays. The conclusions appoint the necessity of a conceptual revision in the Carrying Capacity methods, mainly about its adaptation for tourist management in caves. In the case studied, it is suggested the immediate beginning of environmental monitoring of the cave, to verify the plausibility from proposed visitation limits and the possible contributions for to mitigate the environmental impacts from speleotourism.
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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O capítulo I apresenta os aspectos que envolveram a pesquisa, como: definição da capacidade de carga recreacional, a importância dos estudos de qualidade das águas costeiras utilizadas para lazer, a opinião e percepção dos usuários de praia acerca da qualidade do meio ambiente e da infraestrutura e serviços disponíveis, bem como a importância destes estudos para planos de ordenamento do espaço costeiro. Alguns processos meteooceanográficos e a influência das atividades antrópicas no litoral amazônico foram também abordados. O capítulo II descreve sobre os usos recreacionais das praias de Ajuruteua, Atalaia e Princesa durante o mês de julho de 2009, mostrando os principais padrões da dinâmica recreacional das mesmas. Neste capítulo foram abordados e discutidos os tipos de usos recreacionais, o período de maior frequência de usuários e a capacidade de carga recreacional por zona estudada (zona subtidal, zona de intermarés e zona de bares e restaurantes). O capítulo III descreve as condições da qualidade da água utilizada para as atividades recreativas, a capacidade de carga recreacional e os padrões de usos espaciais nas três praias estudadas, comparando o mês de julho dos anos de 2009 e 2010. O capítulo IV descreve a percepção e a opinião dos usuários destas praias, acerca dos aspectos oceanográficos, paisagísticos e de saneamento; dos serviços e infraestrutura disponíveis; assim como do perfil social dos frequentadores. Este artigo está em fase de preparação e será submetido à revista Ocean and Coastal Management. O capítulo V aborda as conclusões gerais da dissertação de forma integradora. Em anexo está o artigo publicado no JCR, no formato original.
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Government efforts have found some obstacles in achieving a better infrastructure regarding environmental preservation requirements. There is a need to develop new techniques that leave the big exploitation of environmental resources. This study measures the evaluation of the behavior of a composite formed by lateritic soil mix and tire buffings. In this way, a road embankment model was developed to assess the bearing capacity of the composite. This study measured the load capacity of the composites with 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% rubber mixed with the soil, by weight, iron plate loading tests on a simulated embankment in a metal box of 1.40 x 1.40 x 0.80 m. After four compaction layers of the composite, a plate test was performed, and then stress-settlement curves were obtained for the material. The embankments with 20% and 40% rubber content was difficult to compact. There was a significant reduction in the load capacity of the soil-plate system with increasing rubber content. The composite with the lowest loss of bearing capacity in relation to the reference soil was the one with a χ = 10%. In the load capacity tests, another aspect noted was the bearing capacity in terms of CBR. The results also show a gradual decrease in bearing capacity in the composites as with the rubber incorporation content increases. As in the plate load tests, the composite that had the lower bearing capacity loss was also that with 10% content.
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The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic´s body that it has been accelerated for the human´s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic´s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Seridó of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs
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The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic´s body that it has been accelerated for the human´s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic´s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Seridó of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs
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This paper presents the behavior of three bored piles conducted in diabasic soil submitted to uplift forces. The piles were built at the site for Experimental Studies in Soil Mechanics and Foundations of UNICAMP, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Field tests have already been conducted at the site (SPT, CPT, DMT and PMT), as well as laboratory tests by using sample soils taken from a well up to 17 m deep. The water table is not checked until a depth of 17 m. In order to check the behavior of the piles when submitted to uplift forces, slow static load tests were carried out as the recommendations of NBR 12131. The carrying capacity of these piles was also provided by means of theoretical methods, appropriate for uplift forces, and through semi-empirical methods appropriate for compression forces, considering only the portion of lateral resistance. The values estimated by using the considered methods were compared to those obtained by means of load tests. One of the tested piles was extracted from the soil to be the subject of a study on its geometry.
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Considerando-se que a maior parte de construções rurais utiliza fundações por estacas escavadas, pequisou-se, neste trabalho, o comportamento à tração de três estacas , submetidas a esforços verticais de tração. O comportamento à tração foi pesquisado, por ser esta situação bastante comum em estruturas leves, como silos, galpões, caixas d'água elevadas, etc. As estacas foram executadas no Campo Experimental para Estudos de Mecânica dos Solos e Fundações da Unicamp, localizado na cidade de Campinas - SP. O subsolo do local é constituído por um solo poroso de Diabásio, cuja primeira camada de 6,5 m é constituída de argila silto-arenosa, seguida de uma camada de silte argilo-arenoso e nível do lençol freático a 17 m de profundidade. Para a verificação do comportamento destas estacas, foram executadas provas de carga de acordo com a NBR 12131. A capacidade de carga destas estacas foi prevista por meio da utilização de métodos teóricos próprios para esforços de tração e semiempirícos (próprios para esforços de compressão), considerando neste último somente a parcela de resistência lateral e superfície de ruptura no contato estaca/solo.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil - Ramo de Estruturas e Geotecnia
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O estado atual do conhecimento na Engenharia de Fundações é baseado em trabalhos teóricos que fundamentam os problemas de interação solo-estrutura, em resultados de provas de carga e em soluções numéricas. Boa parte da bibliografia é dedicada a estacas cravadas, sendo as referências a trabalhos em estacas escavadas de pequeno diâmetro muito reduzidas. No Uruguai é freqüente a utilização de estacas escavadas de pequeno diâmetro; uma característica particular é que geralmente na execução das estacas utiliza-se concreto apiloado. Entre 1995 e 1999, o Instituto de Estruturas e Transporte da Faculdade de Engenharia de Montevideo, desenvolveu um programa de pesquisa nos solos argilosos da formação geológica “Libertad”, muito comum na região sul do Uruguai, a mais urbanizada do pais. Foram executadas 46 provas de carga em estacas de pequeno diâmetro, 34 à tração e 12 à compressão. A grande maioria foram levadas até à ruptura, sendo este um dos fatores que diferencia o presente estudo de outros trabalhos, uma vez que provas de carga em estacas são normalmente ensaiadas para carregamentos de 2 vezes a carga de trabalho. Esta pesquisa constitui-se em uma contribuição inédita, por tratar-se do primeiro trabalho sistemático relacionado à avaliação do desempenho de fundações dentro da prática de engenharia no Uruguai No presente trabalho diferentes critérios de interpretação da curva carga-recalque são avaliados, sendo complementarmente analisada a influência da relação comprimento/diâmetro na deformabilidade do sistema solo-estaca. Foram aplicados ainda, vários métodos de previsão da capacidade de carga com base nos ensaios SPT e CPT, estudando-se assim a validade da aplicação destes métodos à realidade uruguaia. O método de Philipponnat (1986), apresentou o melhor desempenho entre todos os métodos de previsão de capacidade de carga analisados. Porém trata-se de um método baseado no CPT, não muito utilizado na prática uruguaia. Por este motivo, recomendase os métodos de Decourt e Quaresma (1978) ou Cabral (1987); estes dois métodos utilizam os resultados do ensaio SPT, ferramenta mais utilizada no Uruguai para projeto de fundações que o CPT.