The cactus and the crown.

Mode of access: Internet.

Hydrologic and limnologic features of Quitobaquito Pond and springs, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument /

"June 1989."

A treatise on the culture of the dahlia and cactus.

Original boards.

Die beschreibung und kultur der azaleen, Cactus, camellien und Calla aethiopica.

Mode of access: Internet.

Environmental assessment, proposed development concept, Lukeville, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona /

On cover: Environmental assessment for proposed development concept plan, Organ Pipe Cactus, Lukeville, National Monument, Arizona.

The Cactus journal. Devoted exclusively to cacti and other succulent plants.

F. A. Walton.

Error-correcting code on a cactus:A solvable model

An exact solution to a family of parity check error-correcting codes is provided by mapping the problem onto a Husimi cactus. The solution obtained in the thermodynamic limit recovers the replica-symmetric theory results and provides a very good approximation to finite systems of moderate size. The probability propagation decoding algorithm emerges naturally from the analysis. A phase transition between decoding success and failure phases is found to coincide with an information-theoretic upper bound. The method is employed to compare Gallager and MN codes.

On the Vertex Separation of Cactus Graphs

This paper is part of a work in progress whose goal is to construct a fast, practical algorithm for the vertex separation (VS) of cactus graphs. We prove a \main theorem for cacti", a necessary and sufficient condition for the VS of a cactus graph being k. Further, we investigate the ensuing ramifications that prevent the construction of an algorithm based on that theorem only.

A Linear Time Algorithm for Computing Longest Paths in Cactus Graphs

ACM Computing Classification System (1998): G.2.2.

Hydroxyl radical generation by cactus-like copper oxide nanoporous carbon catalysts for microcystin-LR environmental remediation

Copper oxide supported on nanoporous activated carbon (CuO-NPAC) is reported for the aqueous phase catalytic degradation of cyanotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The loading and spatial distribution of CuO throughout the NPAC matrix strongly influence the catalytic efficiency. CuO-NPAC synthesis was optimized with respect to the copper loading and thermal processing, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, EPR, TGA, XPS and FT-IR spectroscopy. EPR spin trapping and fluorescence spectroscopy showed in situ ˙OH formation via H2O2 over CuO-NPAC as the catalytically relevant oxidant. The impact of reaction conditions, notably CuO-NPAC loading, H2O2 concentration and solution pH, is discussed in relation to the reaction kinetics for MC-LR remediation.

Genetic Structure of the Florida Key Tree Cactus, Pilosocereus robinii, using Restriction Site associated DNA (RAD) markers

Rare plant conservation efforts must utilize current genetic methods to ensure the evolutionary potential of populations is preserved. One such effort involves the Key Tree Cactus, Pilosocereus robinii, which is an endangered columnar cactus native to the Florida Keys. The populations have precipitously declined over the past decade because of habitat loss and increasing soil salinity from rising sea levels and storm surge. Next-generation DNA sequencing was used to assess the genetic structure of the populations. Twenty individuals representative of both wild and extirpated cacti were chosen for Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD) analysis. Samples processed using the HindIII and NotIII restriction enzymes produced 82,382,440 high quality reads used for genetic mapping, from which 5,265 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered. The analysis revealed that the Keys’ populations are closely related with little population differentiation. In addition, the populations display evidence of inbreeding and low genetic diversity.

Biología y manejo postcosecha de Pitahaya roja y amarilla (Hylocereus spp., y Selenicereus spp)

Las palabras pitahaya y pitaya se derivan del Taino, una lengua de los pueblos indigenas de los países caribeños y ambas significan fruta esca­mosa. Los frutos de pitahaya crecen sobre un cactus tropical de forma columnar que pertenece a los géneros Stenocereus y Pachycereus. Por otro lado, los frutos de pitahaya crecen sobre un cactus tropical trepador que pertenece a los géneros Hylocereus y Selenicereus. En esta reseña se hará referencia a la biología y manejo postcosecha de los frutos de pitahaya que crecen en cactus de hábito trepador. La pitahaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus) se cultiva en Colombia, Ecuador e Israel. La pitahaya roja, especialmente Hylocereus undatus, es cultivada en 19 países. Los principales países productores de pitahaya son en este orden Vietnam, Colombia, Nicaragua, México e Israel. Los frutos de pitahaya son una buena fuente de minerales, glucosa, fructosa, fibra dietética y vitaminas. La pitahaya es un fruto no climatérico, con tasas de produc­ción de etileno de 0.025 a 0.091 iL.kg-1 hr-1. Los índices de cosecha incluyen: cambio de color de la cáscara, contenido de sólidos solubles, acidez titulable y días después de la floración (mínimo 28 días y máximo 35 días). El daño por congelamiento, daños mecánicos y la pérdida de agua, son los tres principales desórdenes fisiológicos postcosecha que se presentan en los frutos de pitahaya. Se recomienda almacenar los frutos de pitahaya a 7-12°C y 85-90% de humedad relativa. Se necesita más información acerca de la manipulación de la planta de tal manera que florezca durante todo el año, y no solamente unas cuantas veces, para satisfacer la demanda nacional y los mercados internacionales.

Local distribution patterns of Opuntia echios echios, Bursera graveolens and Scalesia crockeri on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

We mapped stems of three plant species in a 2.36 ha plot in the arid zone near the coast of eastern Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador, to determine factors influencing their local distribution. The three species were Opuntia echios var. echios (Cactaceae), a large cactus, Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae), a small tree that dominates dry woodland near the coast, and the shrub Scalesia crockeri (Asteraceae). In our plot, Opuntia was most abundant near the coast, while Bursera and Scalesia increased in density inland and with increased relief. Scalesia also increased in density with increases in Bursera and decreases in other woody plants and was most abundant 200–250 m from the coast. Both Opuntia and Bursera were clumped in the plot as a whole but selected stem size classes were randomly dispersed within homogeneous portions of the sample area. CDF Contribution Number 1012.

Changes in frost frequency and desert vegetation assemblages in Grand Canyon, Arizona

The effect of decreasing frost frequency on desert vegetation was documented in Grand Canyon by replication of historical photographs. Although views by numerous photographers of Grand Canyon have been examined, 400 Robert Brewster Stanton and Franklin A. Nims views taken in the winter of 1889-1890 provide the best information on recent plant distribution. In Grand Canyon, where grazing is limited by the rugged topography, vegetation dynamics are controlled by climate and by demographic processes such as seed productivity, recruitment, longevity and mortality. The replicated photographs show distribution and abundance of several species were limited by severe frost before 1889. Two of these, brittlebush (Encelia farinosa) and barrel cactus (Ferocactus cylindraceus), have clearly expanded their ranges up-canyon and have increased their densities at sites where they were present in 1890. In 1890, brittlebush was present in warm microhabitats that provided refugia from frost damage. Views showing desert vegetation in 1923 indicate that Encelia expanded rapidly to near its current distribution between 1890 and 1923, whereas the expansion of Ferocactus occurred more slowly. The higher frequency of frost was probably related to an anomalous increase in winter storms between 1878 (and possibly 1862) and 1891 in the southwestern United States.