442 resultados para Bursa (Turquie)
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Collection : Le Rire ; 212
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Échelle(s) : Lieues communes de France 5 [= 7,3 cm]
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Échelle(s) : Lieues communes de France 5 [= 7,3 cm]
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La France arabo-orientale est une longue histoire, qui commence au VIIIe siècle au moment des conquêtes arabes et traverse treize siècles d'histoire de France, avec les présences de populations maghrébines, proche-orientales et ottomanes dans l'Hexagone. Celles-ci ont contribué à bâtir l'histoire politique, culturelle, militaire, religieuse, artistique et économique de ce pays, de l'empire carolingien de Charlemagne à la République actuelle. Cette anthologie en raconte pas à pas le récit (oublié), en montre les images (inédites) et en souligne tous les paradoxes des "Sarrasins" à la citoyenneté. Etre "Arabo-Oriental" en France, quel que soit le pays, l'empire, la culture, la colonie ou le département d'où l'on vient ou la religion qui est la sienne (chrétien, musulman ou juif), c'est inscrire dans un récit peuplé de héros, de lieux de mémoire, de mythes, de combats, de violences, de rêves et d'échecs, mais c'est aussi s'inscrire aujourd'hui dans ces identités multiples qui sont partie intégrante de la France du XXIe siècle. La France arabo-orientale est un livre unique au regard de l'incroyable iconographie qu'il propose, des enjeux qu'il porte et de l'histoire qu'il rend désormais accessible.
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Fifty Bursa of Fabricius (BF) were examined by conventional optical microscopy and digital images were acquired and processed using Matlab® 6.5 software. The Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) was generated using Neuroshell® Classifier software and the optical and digital data were compared. The ANN was able to make a comparable classification of digital and optical scores. The use of ANN was able to classify correctly the majority of the follicles, reaching sensibility and specificity of 89% and 96%, respectively. When the follicles were scored and grouped in a binary fashion the sensibility increased to 90% and obtained the maximum value for the specificity of 92%. These results demonstrate that the use of digital image analysis and ANN is a useful tool for the pathological classification of the BF lymphoid depletion. In addition it provides objective results that allow measuring the dimension of the error in the diagnosis and classification therefore making comparison between databases feasible.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited.
