[Album de 12 phot. du couvent de la Conception à Beja (Portugal) par Camacho, phot. à Lisbonne, don 1891]

Donateur : Camacho, João Francisco (1833-1898)

BrainMaps.org - Interactive High-Resolution Digital Brain Atlases and Virtual Microscopy

BrainMaps.org is an interactive high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on over 20 million megapixels of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a high-speed database for querying and retrieving data about brain structure and function over the internet. Complete brain datasets for various species, including Homo sapiens, Macaca mulatta, Chlorocebus aethiops, Felis catus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Tyto alba, are accessible online. The methods and tools we describe are useful for both research and teaching, and can be replicated by labs seeking to increase accessibility and sharing of neuroanatomical data. These tools offer the possibility of visualizing and exploring completely digitized sections of brains at a sub-neuronal level, and can facilitate large-scale connectional tracing, histochemical and stereological analyses.

High-resolution spatial modelling of greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change to energy crops in the United Kingdom

Funded by Energy Technologies Institute EPSRC-Supergen. Grant Number: EP/M013200/1

Altered ratios of alternatively spliced long and short γ2 subunit mRNAs of the γ-amino butyrate type A receptor in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics

The relative abundance of alternatively spliced long (γ2L) and short (γ2S) mRNAs of the γ2 subunit of the γ-amino butyrate type A (GABAA) receptor was examined in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics and matched controls by using in situ hybridization histochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) amplification. A cRNA probe identifying both mRNAs showed that the transcripts are normally expressed at moderately high levels in the prefrontal cortex. Consistent with previous studies, overall levels of γ2 transcripts in prefrontal cortex of brains from schizophrenics were reduced by 28.0%, although this reduction did not reach statistical significance. RT-PCR, performed under nonsaturating conditions on total RNA from the same blocks of tissue used for in situ hybridization histochemistry, revealed a marked reduction in the relative proportion of γ2S transcripts in schizophrenic brains compared with controls. In schizophrenics, γ2S transcripts had fallen to 51.7% (±7.9% SE; P < 0.0001) relative to control levels. Levels of γ2L transcripts showed only a small and nonsignificant reduction of 16.9% (±12.0% SE, P > 0.05). These findings indicate differential transcriptional regulation of two functionally distinct isoforms of one of the major GABAA receptor subunits in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. The specific reduction in relative abundance of γ2S mRNAs and the associated relative increase in γ2L mRNAs should result in functionally less active GABAA receptors and have severe consequences for cortical integrative function.

Differences in quantal amplitude reflect GluR4- subunit number at corticothalamic synapses on two populations of thalamic neurons

Low-frequency thalamocortical oscillations that underlie drowsiness and slow-wave sleep depend on rhythmic inhibition of relay cells by neurons in the reticular nucleus (RTN) under the influence of corticothalamic fibers that branch to innervate RTN neurons and relay neurons. To generate oscillations, input to RTN predictably should be stronger so disynaptic inhibition of relay cells overcomes direct corticothalamic excitation. Amplitudes of excitatory postsynaptic conductances (EPSCs) evoked in RTN neurons by minimal stimulation of corticothalamic fibers were 2.4 times larger than in relay neurons, and quantal size of RTN EPSCs was 2.6 times greater. GluR4-receptor subunits labeled at corticothalamic synapses on RTN neurons outnumbered those on relay cells by 3.7 times, providing a basis for differences in synaptic strength.

Workshop on Schizophrenia

On November 29–30, 1995, the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine brought together experts in schizophrenia and specialists in other areas of the biological sciences in a workshop aimed at promoting the application of the latest biological information to this clinical problem. The workshop paid particular attention to evidence of pathology in the brains of people with schizophrenia, and to the possibility that this reflects an abnormality in brain development that eventually leads to the appearance of symptoms. The participants were impressed with the complexity of the problem, and felt that multiple approaches would be required to understand this disease. They recommended that a major focus should be on the search for predisposing genes, but that there should be parallel research in many other areas.

Génesis y desarrollo de las asociaciones agrícolas y de propietarios territoriales en España

Since relatively a few years ago research work regarding the genesis and evolution of agrarian organizations in our country has been carried out. Studies with a marked regional emphasis that, rarely were able to reference the true state of the associational framework during the nineteenth century, exception made of the Sociedades Económicas and of very concrete monographic studies. It is necessary to go back to the first years of the past century to find the first descriptions and working papers alluding the agrarian associational framework in Spain. On this respect, José Elías de Molins already did a study entitled La Asociación y Cooperación Agrícolas, published in the year of 1912, in which a recount of confraternities and brotherhoods verified by the Consejo de Castilla in 1770 was done. The first of modern references related to the agrarian organizations, properly speaking, corresponds to Juan Pan-Montojo in his well known work “La naissance des associations agraries en Espagne 1833-1898���, in which the consequences and changes effected in economic power structures were reflected, once the suppression of privileges linked to the land had started, as a consequence of the strengthening of liberalism in a large portion of the state’s farms. After him, came he important works of, among others, Jordi Planas and Germán Rueda. On a comparative level, the formation of agrarian societies with mobilization capacity in other European states certainly took the same amount of time to happen. Thus, the Société des Agriculteurs de France or the Société Nationale et Centrale d’Agriculture, in 1867 and 1871, respectively, came to remind the Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País in Spain...

The works of John Owen /

"Life of Dr. Owen, by Rev. A. Thomson": volume 1, pref. pages [21]-122.

Old masters and new; essays in art criticism,

Reprinted from various periodicals.

A choice collection of 51 Welsh airs, adapted for the harp, piano-forte, harpsichord, violin, or flute.

Mode of access: Internet.

A compendium of modern equity. Intended chiefly for the use of practitioners in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice.

Mode of access: Internet.

A history of taxation and taxes in England from the earliest times to the present day,

Includes bibliographical references.

The North American Ayrshire register; wherein every animal is traced to importation.

Mode of access: Internet.