Overcoming the objectification of western classical music with the concept of music as a process

Dissertation to obtain the degree of Master in Music - Artistic Interpretation

Un viaje por Latinoamérica : la trompeta en Brasil

Este trabajo es fruto del deseo de conocer la música para trompeta en Brasil. El proyecto consta de cuatro apartados. En primer lugar, con el propósito de ampliar mis conocimientos sobre el país y su música, hago un breve recorrido por su historia musical. En segundo lugar, me centro en las composiciones para trompeta y sus características. En tercer lugar, dirijo la atención a las obras escogidas para el concierto y hablo de los compositores y las razones que me han llevado a seleccionarlas. Finalmente, planteo las conclusiones a las que he llegado.

Laboratório de resíduos químicos do campus USP-São Carlos: resultados da experiência pioneira em gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos em um campus universitário

A novel and unique in a brazilian university experience for rigorous handling of chemical residues of research and teaching is described. The activities since 1998 of a laboratory for the adequate treatment and recovery of chemicals at the São Carlos Campus of the University of São Paulo are summarized. The necessity of environment conscience future professional is enhanced.

Music-supported training is more efficient than functional motor training for recovery of fine motor skills in stroke patients

MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS ARE COMMON AFTER STROKE but efficacious therapies for these dysfunctions are scarce. Extending an earlier study on the effects of music-supported training (MST), behavioral indices of motor function were obtained before and after a series of training sessions to assess whether this new treatment leads to improved motor functions. Furthermore, music-supported training was contrasted to functional motor training according to the principles of constraint-induced therapy (CIT). In addition to conventional physiotherapy, 32 stroke patients with moderately impaired motor function and no previous musical experience received 15 sessions of MST over a period of three weeks, using a manualized, step-bystep approach. A control group consisting of 15 patients received 15 sessions of CIT in addition to conventional physiotherapy. A third group of 30 patients received exclusively conventional physiotherapy and served as a control group for the other three groups. Fine as well as gross motor skills were trained by using either a MIDI-piano or electronic drum pads programmed to emit piano tones. Motor functions were assessed by an extensive test battery. MST yielded significant improvement in fine as well as gross motor skills with respect to speed, precision, and smoothness of movements. These improvements were greater than after CIT or conventional physiotherapy. In conclusion, with equal treatment intensity, MST leads to more pronounced improvements of motor functions after stroke than CIT.

Caractérisation et objectivation de l’acouphène subjectif chronique idiopathique

Objectif: Cette thèse avait pour objectif principal la mise en oeuvre et la validation de la faisabilité, chez l'humain, du paradigme de modulation du réflexe acoustique de sursaut par un court silence (GPIAS) afin de l'utiliser comme mesure objective de l'acouphène. Pour ce faire, trois expériences ont été réalisées. L'expérience 1 avait pour objectif de valider l'inhibition du réflexe de sursaut par un court silence chez des participants humains normo-entendants (sans acouphène) lors de la présentation d'un bruit de fond centré en hautes et en basses fréquences afin de déterminer les paramètres optimaux du paradigme. L'expérience 2 avait pour objectif de valider la précision et la fidélité d'une méthode de caractérisation psychoacoustique de l'acouphène (appariement en intensité et en fréquence). Finalement, l'expérience 3 avait pour objectif d'appliquer le paradigme d'objectivation de l'acouphène par le réflexe de sursaut à des participants atteints d'acouphènes chroniques en utilisant les techniques développées lors des expériences 1 et 2. Méthodologie : L'expérience 1 incluait 157 participants testés dans l'une des conditions de durée du court silence (5, 25, 50, 100, 200 ms) et dans l'un des deux paradigmes (court silence à l'intérieur du bruit de fond ou suivant celui-ci) à l'aide de bruits de fond en hautes et en basses fréquences. L'expérience 2 incluait deux groupes de participants avec acouphène, l'un musicien (n=16) et l'autre sans expérience musicale (n=16) ainsi qu'un groupe de simulateur sans acouphène (n=18). Ils tous ont été évalués sur leur capacité d'appariement en fréquence et en intensité de leur acouphène. Les mesures ont été reprises chez un sous-groupe de participants plusieurs semaines plus tard. L'expérience 3 incluait 15 participants avec acouphène et 17 contrôles évalués à l'aide du paradigme d'inhibition du réflexe de sursaut à l'aide d'un court silence (GPIAS). Les paramètres psychoacoustiques de l'acouphène ont également été mesurés. Toutes les mesures ont été reprises plusieurs mois plus tard chez un sous-groupe de participants. Résultats : Expérience 1 : le paradigme d'inhibition du réflexe acoustique de sursaut par un court silence est applicable chez l'humain normo-entendant. Expérience 2 : les mesures psychoacoustiques informatisées de l'acouphène incluant l'appariement en fréquence et en intensité sont des mesures précises et fidèles du percept de l'acouphène. Expérience 3 : un déficit d'inhibition au paradigme du GPIAS a été retrouvé chez le groupe de participants avec acouphène pour les bruits de fond en hautes et en basses fréquences au test et au retest. Les mesures d'appariement en fréquence ont révélé un acouphène dont la fréquence prédominante était d'environ 16 000 Hz chez la plupart des participants. Discussion : Il est possible d'appliquer le paradigme d'inhibition du réflexe acoustique de sursaut par un court silence à des participants humains atteints d'acouphène, tel qu'il est utilisé en recherche animale pour « objectiver » la présence d'acouphène. Toutefois, le déficit d'inhibition mesuré n'est pas spécifique à la fréquence de l'acouphène lorsque validé à partir des données d'appariement psychoacoustique. Nos résultats soulèvent des questions quant à l'interprétation originale du paradigme pour détecter la présence d'un acouphène chez les animaux.

Bioenergia e exclusão regional: a não política nacional agroenergética e os girassóis do RN

This doctoral thesis presents an analysis of the production of bicarbonates and related regional development in Brazil. It is widely believed that one of Brazil s vocations lies in the agro-energy sector. However, current national agro-energy policies, together with the experience of Petrobras (the national oil company) in rural settlements in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, show that Brazil has fallen short of effectively including the North and Northeast regions of the country, let alone small-scale rural producers (residing in rural settlements or not), in the development process and related benefits from the country s participation in the current world energy grid. The methodology entails secondary research related to the theme, such as books, official documents, websites and statistical databases from diverse sources, in addition to an analysis of statements from interviews of Petrobras representatives and other important scientific, institutional and labor union authorities, in relation to agro-energy issues and the socio-economic participation of family-based agriculture in this process. Principal findings show a correlation between agro-energy and regional development, creating the potential for numerous opportunities and challenges. Findings demonstrate the possibility of reversing/reducing historically rooted indices of hunger and poverty that continue to devastate the North and Northeast regions. At the same time, the thesis points to a potentially catastrophic increase in regional disparities, should the present historic moment not be seized upon so as to include these regions. Classic examples of non-policy at the federal level are presented as evidence of the absence of a regionally focused agroenergy policy in the current government, reinforced by the experiences of Petrobras in the Rio Grande do Norte rural settlements. Finally, the thesis concludes that there is an urgent need to create a government-sponsored enterprise (with a structure similar to Petrobras) with the purpose of implementing a truly broad and inclusive development process for the bicarbonates production sector, while remaining attentive to Brazil s opportune and critical role in the world s current agro-energy scenario.

A contradição entre herança ibérica e modernização brasileira no pensamento político de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda: o livro Raízes do Brasil

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

A escola de composição de Camargo Guarnieri

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Orquestra Sinfônica de Ribeirão Preto (SP): representações e significado social

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Música brasileira na liturgia: obra, contexto e produto

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

O governo estadual na experiência política brasileira: os desempenhos legislativos das assembléias estaduais

Este artigo analisa o volume e a dinamica da produção legislativa em 12 assembléias legislativas estaduais brasileiras durante duas legislaturas, 1999-2002 e 2002-2006. Em primeiro lugar, constatamos que a dinâmica legislativa das assembléias estaduais depende dos recursos institucionais conferidos constitucionalmente aos atores políticos pela Carta de 1988 que restringe a legislação proposta pelos deputados estaduais e limita a autonomia legislativa do Governador. Apesar de indícios claros da existência de uma dinâmica partidária relevante e um jogo efetivo entre governo e oposição nas assembléias que explica as variações encontradas entre os estados. Em segundo lugar, sinalizamos uma dinâmica legislativa estadual diversificada que não se restringe ao predomínio do poder executivo. O volume de propostas apresentadas pelos deputados estaduais que não distribuem benefícios concentrados sinaliza para uma agenda pelo menos "desejada", principalmente direcionada a definir normas e diretrizes das políticas públicas estaduais. Por outro lado, é evidente que o sucesso legislativo dos deputados estaduais é elevado se comparado ao dos deputados federais, mas basicamente restrito a uma categoria de norma: a concessão de benefícios concentrados, destacando-se a categoria das declarações de utilidades públicas. O esforço de pesquisa aqui empreendido e os dados apresentados chamam a atenção para a necessidade de futuras pesquisas sobre as assembléias estaduais em busca de uma melhor compreensão do funcionamento das instituições brasileiras no âmbito subnacional.

La psicologia della Gestalt. Ricerche teoriche e sperimentali sulla percezione sonora e musicale (1890-1939)

The aim of the present work is a historical survey on Gestalt trends in psychological research between late 19th and the first half of 20th century with privileged reference to sound and musical perception by means of a reconsideration of experimental and theoretical literature. Ernst Mach and Christian von Ehrenfels gave rise to the debate about Gestaltqualität which notably grew thanks to the ‘Graz School’ (Alexius Meinong, Stephan Witasek, Anton Faist, Vittorio Benussi), where the object theory and the production theory of perception were worked out. Stumpf’s research on Tonpsychologie and Franz Brentano’s tradition of ‘act psychology’ were directly involved in this debate, opposing to Wilhelm Wundt’s conception of the discipline; this clearly came to light in Stumpf’s controversy with Carl Lorenz and Wundt on Tondistanzen. Stumpf’s concept of Verschmelzung and his views about consonance and concordance led him to some disputes with Theodor Lipps and Felix Krueger, lasting more than two decades. Carl Stumpf was responsible for education of a new generation of scholars during his teaching at the Berlin University: his pupils Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka and Max Wertheimer established the so-called ‘Berlin School’ and promoted the official Gestalt theory since the 1910s. After 1922 until 1938 they gave life and led together with other distinguished scientists the «Psychologische Forschung», a scientific journal in which ‘Gestalt laws’ and many other acoustical studies on different themes (such as sound localization, successive comparison, phonetic phenomena) were exposed. During the 1920s Erich Moritz von Hornbostel gave important contributions towards the definition of an organic Tonsystem in which sound phenomena could find adequate arrangement. Last section of the work contains descriptions of Albert Wellek’s studies, Kurt Huber’s vowel researches and aspects of melody perception, apparent movement and phi-phenomenon in acoustical field. The work contains also some considerations on the relationships among tone psychology, musical psychology, Gestalt psychology, musical aesthetics and musical theory. Finally, the way Gestalt psychology changed earlier interpretations is exemplified by the decisive renewal of perception theory, the abandon of Konstanzannahme, some repercussions on theory of meaning as organization and on feelings in musical experience.

Effects of training and melodic features on mode perception

The two modes most widely used in Western music today convey opposite moods—a distinction that nonmusicians and even young children are able to make. However, the current studies provide evidence that, despite a strong link between mode and affect, mode perception is problematic. Nonmusicians found mode discrimination to be harder than discrimination of other melodic features, and they were not able to accurately classify major and minor melodies with these labels. Although nonmusicians were able to classify major and minor melodies using affective labels, they performed at chance in mode discrimination. Training, in the form of short lessons given to nonmusicians and the natural musical experience of musicians, improved performance, but not to ceiling levels. Tunes with high note density were classified as major, and tunes with low note density as minor, even though these features were actually unrelated in the experimental material. Although these findings provide support for the importance of mode in the perception of emotion, they clearly indicate that these mode perceptions are inaccurate, even in trained individuals, without the assistance of affective labeling.

Aging and memory for music: A review

People of all ages enjoy listening to music, yet most research in musical development has concentrated on infancy through childhood. Our recent research program examined various aspects of music cognition in younger (ages 18 through 30) and older adults (ages 60 through 80) with varying amounts of musical experience. The studies investigated the independent and combined influences of age and experience on a wide assortment of long and short-term memory tasks. Results showed that some musical tasks reflect the same age-related declines as seen in nonmusical tasks, and musical training does not reduce these age-related declines. In other tasks, experience differences were larger than age differences; in some cases, age differences were nonexistent. The analysis considers how aging and experience may affect different aspects of cognition, and the paper concludes by pointing out the many musical activities that even nonmusical seniors are well equipped to succeed at and enjoy.

More than Tunes in Your Head: Dynamic Aspects of Auditory Imagery for Music

Auditory imagery is more than just mental “replaying” of tunes in one’s head. I will review several studies that capture characteristics of complex and active imagery tasks, using both behavioral and neuroscience approaches. I use behavioral methods to capture people’s ability to make emotion judgments about both heard and imagined music in real time. My neuroimaging studies look at the neural correlates of encoding an imagined melody, anticipating an upcoming tune, and also imagining tunes backwards. Several studies show voxel-by-voxel correlates of neural activity with self-report of imagery vividness. These studies speak to the ways in which musical imagery allows us not just to remember music, but also how we use those memories to judge temporally changing aspects of the musical experience.