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Características ambientais e a ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral em Teresina, Piauí: uma aplicação utilizando sensoriamento remoto

Nas Américas, a leishmaniose visceral (LV) experimenta um processo de urbanização e o cão doméstico é considerado o principal reservatório da doença neste cenário, embora seu papel no ciclo de transmissão não esteja totalmente explicado. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, por meio da análise de dados espaciais e imagens de sensoriamento remoto, a relação de fatores ambientais com a ocorrência de infecção canina por Leishmania chagasi e sua correlação espacial com a doença humana na cidade de Teresina (Piauí - Brasil), onde foi relatada a primeira epidemia urbana de LV no Brasil. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de dois manuscritos, nos quais são utilizados dados georreferenciados obtidos por meio de um inquérito sorológico canino realizado durante o ano de 2011, em diferentes bairros com transmissão moderada ou intensa. No primeiro, a regressão logística multinível foi utilizada para correlacionar a prevalência da infecção canina com variáveis ambientais de quadrículas de 900m2 (30mx30m) onde os domicílios estavam localizados, ajustando para as características individuais dos cães (sexo, idade e raça) e da residência. Participaram desta análise 717 cães distribuídos em 494 domicílios e 396 quadrículas. Um percentual >16,5% da área da quadrícula coberta por pavimentação clara (ruas de terra ou asfalto antigo) foi a única variável ambiental associada com a infecção canina por L. chagasi (Odds ratio [OR] = 2,00, intervalo de 95% de confiança [IC95%]: 1,22 - 3,26). Estas áreas provavelmente correspondem àquelas mais pobres e com pior infraestrutura urbana, sugerindo a ocorrência de um padrão de transmissão intra-urbano similar aos padrões rurais e peri-urbanos da LV. No segundo manuscrito, a partir da análise hierárquica do vizinho mais próximo foi verificada a presença de sete clusters de maior concentração de cães soropositivos em relação aos soro negativos em áreas menos urbanizadas e com vegetação pouco densa. Participaram desta análise 322 cães distribuídos em cinco bairros. A relação espacial entre os caninos soropositivos e os casos humanos foi investigada através do método da distância média entre os pontos e analisada por meio do teste t. Foi encontrada uma maior proximidade de casos humanos em relação a cães soropositivos quando comparada à distância em relação aos soro negativos, sugerindo a existência de uma relação espacial entre a LV humana e a soropositividade canina. Os resultados contribuem para uma maior compreensão sobre a dinâmica da doença em meio urbano além de fornecer informações úteis para a prevenção e controle da LV em seres humanos.

Challenging the SD benefits attributed to sport Mega-Events hosting

Sport Mega-event hosting faces opposition that is manifested with different intensity during the different phases of the event, from its inception as an idea to its delivery and legacy. Some Social Movements Organisations (SMOs) have acted as indefatigable monitors of the Sustainable Development (SD) dimension of sporting events in general and, in some of the most recent sport mega-events, in particular the Olympics, they have served as important advisors and facilitators. Nevertheless, in many cases we see enthusiastic supporters turning to vehemently challenging whatever positives have been associated with hosting the event. In addition, there is opposition to sport Mega-events in their entirety. That type of opposition tends to employ a holistic prism that manages to identify multiple interconnected negative aspects of hosting a sport mega-event and incorporate them into an anti-systemic discourse. It is important to bear in mind that irrespective of many proclamations to the opposite as far as megas are concerned (projects and/or events), a number of studies have demonstrated that citizen participation and democratic accountability in decision-making have been notoriously absent. After all, the idea of citizen participation in the planning of sport mega-event is essentially the public response to a plan conceived by others. There were, of course, some notable cases of democratic consultation at the early stages of bidding to host a sport mega-event but these more democratic approaches resulted in the failure of the bid (for e.g. Toronto 1996). The knowledge of this by the groups that initiated the hosting idea and the bidding process has led to discouraging in depth public consultation that may fit perfectly to the democratic process but not to the tight schedules of associated projects completion. That produces ‘autocracy against which opposition may arise’ (Hiller, 2000, p. 198). It is this democratic deficit that has led to important instances of social contestation and protest mobilizations by citizen groups as well as the more regular corps of social activists. From a perspective borrowed from the sociology of protest and social movements, sport mega-events hosting can operate as an issue that stimulates protest activities by an existing protest milieu and new actors as well as an important mobilizing resource. In fact, some scholars have also argued that the Olympic Games were an important frame for the transnational activism that was marked by anti-globalization protest in Seattle in 1999 (Cottrell & Nelson, 201; Lenskyj, 2008). In addition, it’s important not to lose sight of other acts dissent that take place in relatively close proximity, about a year before the event when most infrastructural and societal changes brought by hosting the event and impact start to become apparent by the host communities, like the rioting of August 2011 in the London Olympic Boroughs and the 2012 riots of June 2013 in Sao Paulo and other Brazilian cities. This paper starts by outlining the SD claims made in the bidding to host the summer Olympic Games by five prospective hosts (Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London and Rio) proceeds towards examining the opposition and challenges that was manifested in relation to these claims. In Particular it provides an assessment of protest-events over the aforementioned different phases of sport mega-events hosting. A different picture emerges for each of the host nation that is partly explained by local, national and global configuration of protest politics. Whereas the post-event legacy of the first two hosts of the Games can be assessed and that way see the validity of claims made by challengers in the other phases, in the other three cases, the implementation of Olympic Games Impact (OGI) studies offers the tool for discussing the post-event phase for Beijing and London and engage in a speculative exercise for the case of Rio. Judging by available findings, the paper concludes that the SD aspiration made in the bid documents are unlikely to be met and social contestation based on the same issues is likely to increase due to the current global economic crisis and BRICS, like China and Brazil, having entered the process of becoming global economic hegemons.

The Well London program - a cluster randomized trial of community engagement for improving health behaviors and mental wellbeing: baseline survey results

Background The Well London programme used community engagement, complemented by changes to the physical and social neighbourhood environment, to improve physical activity levels, healthy eating and mental wellbeing in the most deprived communities in London. The effectiveness of Well London is being evaluated in a pair-matched cluster randomised trial (CRT). The baseline survey data are reported here. Methods The CRT involved 20 matched pairs of intervention and control communities (defined as UK census lower super output areas; ranked in the 11% most deprived LSOAs in London by Index of Multiple Deprivation) across 20 London boroughs. The primary trial outcomes, sociodemographic information and environmental neighbourhood characteristics were assessed in three quantitative components within the Well London CRT at baseline: a cross-sectional, interviewer-administered adult household survey; a self-completed, school-based adolescent questionnaire; a fieldworker completed neighbourhood environmental audit. Baseline data collection occurred in 2008. Physical activity, healthy eating and mental wellbeing were assessed using standardised, validated questionnaire tools. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data in the outcomes and other variables in the adult and adolescent surveys. Results There were 4107 adults and 1214 adolescent respondents in the baseline surveys. The intervention and control areas were broadly comparable with respect to the primary outcomes and key sociodemographic characteristics. The environmental characteristics of the intervention and control neighbourhoods were broadly similar. There was greater between cluster variation in the primary outcomes in the adult population compared to the adolescent population. Levels of healthy eating, smoking and self-reported anxiety/depression were similar in the Well London population and the national Health Survey for England. Levels of physical activity were higher in the Well London population but this is likely to be due to the different measurement tools used in the two surveys. Conclusions Randomisation of social interventions such as Well London is acceptable and feasible and in this study the intervention and control arms are well balanced with respect to the primary outcomes and key sociodemographic characteristics. The matched design has improved the statistical efficiency of the study amongst adults but less so amongst adolescents. Follow-up data collection will be completed 2012.

The Educational and Employment Aspirations of Adolescents from Areas of High Deprivation in London

Adolescents from areas of high deprivation are often assumed to have low aspirations for the future. However, recent research has suggested otherwise and there have been calls for more substantial investigation into the relationship between poverty and aspiration. This article reports levels and variation in aspiration from 1,214 adolescents (49.5% male; 50.5% female) living in areas of high deprivation across 20 London boroughs. A strength of this study is our large and diverse population of low socio-economic status (SES) adolescents, comprising of white British (22%), black African (21%), black Caribbean (9%), Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi/Other Asian (24%), mixed ethnicity (9%), and 15% defining themselves as Other. Our measures indicated a high group level of reported aspiration with notable variations. Females reported higher educational (but not occupational) aspirations than males; white British students reported lower educational and occupational aspirations than other ethnic groups; and black African children reported the highest educational aspirations. Perceived parental support for education had the largest positive association with aspirations. In contrast to previous findings from studies carried out in the United States, aspirations were found to be negatively associated with perceptions of school and school peer environment. These measures explored feelings of safety, happiness and belonging within the school environment and school peer group. We discuss possible explanations for this unexpected finding within our population of adolescents from UK state schools and how it might affect future policy interventions. This study makes an important contribution to the literature on adolescent aspirations because of the unique nature of the data sample and the multiple domains of functioning and aspiration measured.

Culture and the 2012 games: creating a tourism legacy?

The role of tourism in delivering wider economic legacies is strongly stated in recent national tourism policy documents. The Olympic Games are envisaged to have the legacy impact of ‘4 million extra visitors’ and ‘50,000 extra jobs’ over 4 years (DCMS (2011). Government Tourism Policy, p. 15). This paper considers the nature of Olympic tourism and the possible contribution of the Cultural Olympiad to developing a cultural tourism legacy. It does this by investigating local perceptions of culture and local cultural enactments in the London Borough of Hackney, one of the five boroughs surrounding the Olympic Park. This research shows that local cultural enactments and programming connected to the Olympics are largely motivated by a wider social agenda. They are funded by a wide variety of arts, social and youth programmes and largely reflect initiatives and projects that were already in place in the Borough. While there is an acceptance that cultural events might stimulate the visitor economy, specific discourses around ‘tourism’ and ‘tourists’ are not expressed by the people engaged in the local process.

Sustainable freight: impacts of the London congestion charge and low emissions zone

This paper assesses whether two sustainability policies currently in effect in London, a congestion charge zone and a low emission zone, have affected freight operations and reduced vehicle kilometers travelled. It investigates responses by freight operators, including re-timing, re-routing, or reducing the number of trips, or replacing vehicles. Freight traffic trends from 1994 to 2012 were identified using road traffic estimates, cordon counts, and vehicle speed data and supplemented by interviews with freight industry experts and operators. Findings indicate that freight traffic increased throughout London during this timeframe, but declined in the central boroughs partly within the congestion charge zone. The congestion charge may have time-shifted some light goods trips, but most freight trips face a variety of constraints on operators’ delivery window. No evidence was found of re-routing of freight traffic or avoidance traffic around the charged zone. The low emission zone spurred higher levels of operational change than the congestion charge zone, and it was effective at spurring freight vehicle replacement. The paper also discusses freight operators’ perceptions of these policies and how they could be improved.

Localism as restorative politics; social capital and anti-politics in the London Borough of Burgundia

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore the political implications of policies and measures designed to promote “localism”. That is to say, the devolution of power down to a neighbourhood level, as enacted under the 2011 Localism Act. The implementation of localism in London boroughs will be examined. The context is the current concern over disengagement in an era of “anti-politics”, so it is intended to gain an understanding of how localism is interpreted and implemented on the ground. A tentative thesis, of a “restorative politics”, is proposed, such that localism is dynamic and is generating healthy political activity which counters anti-politics in the local community. This could have profound implications for the political parties locally and at Westminster. The extant theories about localism include constructivist interpretations suggesting that a neo-liberal localism is anti-political. This is contested. An emerging narrative heralding a new dawn of empowerment, and related themes concerning social capital, subsidiarity and anti-politics are reviewed. A necessarily empirical approach is adopted in an essentially functionalist frame of reference. There is a review of both academic and policy literature, combined with interviews of professionals involved in localism. This paper is designed to scope a future more substantial piece of research. The conference brief asks; “what scales or levels are appropriate for organising politics in this century”. In a century so far characterised by disillusionment, democratic deficits and abstention, the answer may be; local. The Good Life is lived locally in shared experience and familiar surroundings, hitherto not much amenable to local change. Burgundia is a reference to the film “Passport to Pimlico” (1949), when ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore the political implications of policies and measures designed to promote “localism”. That is to say, the devolution of power down to a neighbourhood level, as enacted under the 2011 Localism Act. The implementation of localism in London boroughs will be examined. The context is the current concern over disengagement in an era of “anti-politics”, so it is intended to gain an understanding of how localism is interpreted and implemented on the ground. A tentative thesis, of a “restorative politics”, is proposed, such that localism is dynamic and is generating healthy political activity which counters anti-politics in the local community. This could have profound implications for the political parties locally and at Westminster. The extant theories about localism include constructivist interpretations suggesting that a neo-liberal localism is anti-political. This is contested. An emerging narrative heralding a new dawn of empowerment, and related themes concerning social capital, subsidiarity and anti-politics are reviewed. A necessarily empirical approach is adopted in an essentially functionalist frame of reference. There is a review of both academic and policy literature, combined with interviews of professionals involved in localism. This paper is designed to scope a future more substantial piece of research. The conference brief asks; “what scales or levels are appropriate for organising politics in this century”. In a century so far characterised by disillusionment, democratic deficits and abstention, the answer may be; local. The Good Life is lived locally in shared experience and familiar surroundings, hitherto not much amenable to local change. Burgundia is a reference to the film “Passport to Pimlico” (1949), when a London neighbourhood declared independence and its citizens temporarily created the Good Life for themselves. Is the 21st century localism generating a restorative politics?

Electromagnetism based approach to Sector design in Waste Collection

For efficient planning of waste collection routing, large municipalities may be partitioned into convenient sectors. The real case under consideration is the municipality of Monção, in Portugal. Waste collection involves more than 1600 containers over an area of 220 km2 and a population of around 20,000 inhabitants. This is mostly a rural area where the population is distributed in small villages around the 33 boroughs centres (freguesia) that constitute the municipality. In most freguesias, waste collection is usually conducted 3 times a week. However, there are situations in which the same collection is done every day. The case reveals some general and specific characteristics which are not rare, but are not widely addressed in the literature. Furthermore, new methods and models to deal with sectorization and routing are introduced, which can be extended to other applications. Sectorization and routing are tackled following a three-phase approach. The first phase, which is the main concern of the presentation, introduces a new method for sectorization inspired by Electromagnetism and Coulomb’s Law. The matter is not only about territorial division, but also the frequency of waste collection, which is a critical issue in these types of applications. Special characteristics related to the number and type of deposition points were also a motivation for this work. The second phase addresses the routing problems in each sector: new Mixed Capacitated Arc Routing with Limited Multi-Landfills models will be presented. The last phase integrates Sectoring and Routing. Computational results confirm the effectiveness of the entire novel approach.

Les cadres intermédiaires et l’information : modélisation des comportements informationnels de cadres intermédiaires d’une municipalité en transformation

Un atout majeur des organisations consiste en leur capacité à créer et exploiter l’information et les connaissances, capacité déterminée entre autres par les comportements informationnels. Chargés de décisions stratégiques, tactiques et opérationnelles, les cadres intermédiaires sont au cœur du processus de création des connaissances, et leurs comportements informationnels doivent être soutenus par des systèmes d’information. Toutefois, leurs comportements informationnels sont peu documentés. La présente recherche porte sur la modélisation des comportements informationnels de cadres intermédiaires d’une organisation municipale. Plus spécifiquement, elle examine comment ces cadres répondent à leurs besoins d’information courante dans le contexte de leurs activités de gestion, c’est-à-dire dans leur environnement d’utilisation d’information. L’étude répond aux questions de recherche suivantes : (1) Quelles sont les situations problématiques auxquelles font face les cadres intermédiaires municipaux ? (2) Quels sont les besoins informationnels exprimés par les cadres intermédiaires municipaux lors de situations problématiques ? (3) Quelles sont les sources d’information qui soutiennent les comportements informationnels des cadres intermédiaires municipaux ? Cette recherche descriptive s’inscrit dans une approche qualitative. Les 21 cadres intermédiaires ayant participé à l’étude proviennent de deux arrondissements d’une municipalité québécoise fusionnée en 2002. Les modes de collecte de données sont l’entrevue en profondeur en personne et l’observation directe auprès de ces cadres, et la collecte de documentation pertinente. L’incident critique est utilisé comme technique de collecte de données et comme unité d’analyse. Les données recueillies font l’objet d’une analyse de contenu qualitative basée sur la théorisation ancrée. Les résultats indiquent que les rôles de gestion proposés dans les écrits pour les cadres supérieurs s’appliquent aussi aux cadres intermédiaires, bien que le rôle conseil ressorte comme étant particulier à ces derniers. Ceux-ci ont des responsabilités de gestion aux trois niveaux d’intervention opérationnel, tactique et stratégique, bien qu’ils œuvrent davantage au plan tactique. Les situations problématiques dont ils sont chargés s’inscrivent dans l’environnement d’utilisation d’information constitué des composantes suivantes : leurs rôles et responsabilités de gestion et le contexte organisationnel propre à une municipalité en transformation. Les cadres intermédiaires ont eu à traiter davantage de situations nouvelles que récurrentes, caractérisées par des sujets portant principalement sur les ressources matérielles et immobilières ou sur des aspects d’intérêt juridique, réglementaire et normatif. Ils ont surtout manifesté des besoins pour de l’information de nature processuelle et contextuelle. Pour y répondre, ils ont consulté davantage de sources verbales que documentaires, même si le nombre de ces dernières reste élevé, et ont préféré utiliser des sources d’information internes. Au plan théorique, le modèle de comportement informationnel proposé pour les cadres intermédiaires municipaux enrichit les principales composantes du modèle général d’utilisation de l’information (Choo, 1998) et du modèle d’environnement d’utilisation d’information (Taylor, 1986, 1991). L’étude permet aussi de préciser les concepts d’« utilisateur » et d’« utilisation de l’information ». Au plan pratique, la recherche permet d’aider à la conception de systèmes de repérage d’information adaptés aux besoins des cadres intermédiaires municipaux, et aide à évaluer l’apport des systèmes d’information archivistiques à la gestion de la mémoire organisationnelle.

Les effets du débat public dans la nouvelle ville de Montréal : regard sur le plan d'urbanisme et sa mise en oeuvre

Débat public, participation, délibération, autant de termes utilisés pour parler de normes et de dispositifs qui participeraient au nouvel « impératif délibératif » (Blondiaux et Sintomer 2002). Ce mémoire présente une analyse du débat public sur le plan d'urbanisme de Montréal avec un schéma d'analyse inspiré de celui de Simard et Fourniau (2007). Notre discussion du processus de débat porte non seulement sur la phase formelle des audiences publiques, mais aussi sur les étapes de concertation en amont et sur divers processus plus ou moins publicisés en aval. Ceci permet une réflexion d'ordre procédural plus riche qui considère la diversité des dispositifs dans une perspective de complémentarité. Pour chercher des effets du débat public sur le plan d'urbanisme, nous adoptons le parti de la congruence (Offner 1993), ce qui nous amène à une analyse de l'interaction entre des dynamiques contextuelles et des mobilisations des participants au débat. Certaines de ces congruences concordent avec des modifications au plan d'urbanisme. Notre étude propose aussi des implications du contexte particulier de la nouvelle ville de Montréal (avec la création des arrondissements) sur le contenu du débat public, sur certaines de ses manifestations procédurales ainsi que sur sa portée. Notre dernier chapitre montre que la dynamique du débat public en aval, dans la phase de mise en oeuvre du plan d'urbanisme, se déploie beaucoup plus dans les débats sur les grands projets que sur les mécanismes prévus à cette fin, qui comportent des embûches de par leur faible publicité et le caractère technique du processus réglementaire. Dans l'ensemble, notre étude met en lumière l'importance du contexte : autant le processus de débat que ses effets s'inscrivent dans des dynamiques contextuelles.

Potentiel d’une approche populationnelle orientée vers la reconfiguration des environnements urbains pour améliorer la sécurité des piétons

INTRODUCTION : En milieu urbain, l’amélioration de la sécurité des piétons pose un défi de santé publique. Pour chaque décès attribuable aux collisions routières, il y a des centaines de personnes blessées et, dans les pays riches, la diminution du nombre annuel de piétons décédés s’expliquerait en partie par la diminution de la marche. Les stratégies préventives prédominantes n’interviennent pas sur le volume de circulation automobile, un facteur pourtant fondamental. De plus, les interventions environnementales pour améliorer la sécurité des infrastructures routières se limitent habituellement aux sites comptant le plus grand nombre de décès ou de blessés. Cette thèse vise à décrire la contribution des volumes de circulation automobile, des pratiques locales de marche et de la géométrie des routes au nombre et à la répartition des piétons blessés en milieu urbain, et d’ainsi établir le potentiel d’une approche populationnelle orientée vers la reconfiguration des environnements urbains pour améliorer la sécurité des piétons. MÉTHODE : Le devis est de type descriptif et transversal. Les principales sources de données sont les registres des services ambulanciers d’Urgences-santé (blessés de la route), l’enquête Origine-Destination (volumes de circulation automobile), la Géobase du réseau routier montréalais (géométrie des routes) et le recensement canadien (pratiques locales de marche, position socioéconomique). Les analyses descriptives comprennent la localisation cartographique (coordonnées x,y) de l’ensemble des sites de collision. Des modèles de régression multi-niveaux nichent les intersections dans les secteurs de recensement et dans les arrondissements. RÉSULTATS : Les analyses descriptives démontrent une grande dispersion des sites de collision au sein des quartiers. Les analyses multivariées démontrent les effets significatifs, indépendants du volume de circulation automobile, de la présence d’artère(s) et d’une quatrième branche aux intersections, ainsi que du volume de marche dans le secteur, sur le nombre de piétons blessés aux intersections. L’analyse multi-niveaux démontre une grande variation spatiale de l’effet du volume de circulation automobile. Les facteurs environnementaux expliquent une part substantielle de la variation spatiale du nombre de blessés et du gradient socioéconomique observé. DISCUSSION : La grande dispersion des sites de collision confirme la pertinence d’une approche ne se limitant pas aux sites comptant le plus grand nombre de blessés. Les résultats suggèrent que des stratégies préventives basées sur des approches environnementales et populationnelle pourraient considérablement réduire le nombre de piétons blessés ainsi que les inégalités observées entre les quartiers.

Le rôle des organismes communautaires dans le développement économique local : le cas de Côte-des-Neiges/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce

Les changements économiques des dernières décennies telles que la mondialisation et la libéralisation des marchés ont modifié la structure des entreprises et les flux d’échanges, et ce en affectant l’organisation du territoire. Les services gouvernementaux, appuyés des organismes communautaires, ont réagi en développant diverses stratégies à l’échelle locale. Ainsi, ils répondent à une variété de besoins socioéconomiques et s'adaptent aux changements dans les quartiers montréalais. Sur le plan économique, diverses organisations favorisent l'entrepreneuriat local par diverses actions et stratégies. Cette recherche s'intéresse au rôle et aux effets des organismes communautaires dans le développement et la consolidation de petites entreprises via leur rôle sur la viabilité et la vitalité des entreprises dans l’un des arrondissements les plus hétérogènes de Montréal. Spécifiquement, elle s’intéresse à l’effet de ces actions sur le développement entrepreneuriale locale dans l’arrondissement de Côte-des-Neiges/ Notre-Dame-de-Grâce à cause de son caractère hétérogène sur le plan ethnique, sur le plan socio-économique et de ses particularités géographiques. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la viabilité des entreprises est à la base de la majorité des actions et stratégies déployés par les organismes de soutien. Pour ce qui est de l’enracinement des entreprises, il y a beaucoup d’externalités liées au marché qui influencent les décisions du lieu d’établissement et de relocalisation et qui sont hors de portée des actions des organisations. Globalement, nous pouvons dire que Montréal est une ville résiliente. En effet, l’organisation du milieu communautaire permet, malgré quelques lacunes dans les stratégies de promotions et de répartitions des tâches, un soutien adéquat aux entrepreneurs. Du travail reste à faire afin de valoriser l’entrepreneuriat comme métier auprès de la population et encourager les universitaires à auto-entreprendre.

La gestion du cadre bâti dans l'Arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal

Lorsqu’un site ou un bien est protégé par un statut patrimonial, tant national que local, les règlements d’urbanisme sont un des principaux outils d’encadrement des modifications de l’environnement bâti. Comment ces règlements participent-ils à la conservation des valeurs patrimoniales ? Pour explorer cette question, nous avons choisi le cas de l’arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal (AHNMR, renommé en 2012 site patrimonial du Mont-Royal), un site majeur pour l’identité de Montréal. Nous avons recensé les valeurs patrimoniales attribuées au site et analysé le processus de gestion des projets dans les quatre arrondissements qui se répartissent la partie montréalaise du territoire de l’AHNMR; nous avons également analysé quelques demandes de permis. Le processus est complexe, d’autant plus que l’évaluation est en bonne partie discrétionnaire, incluant des analyses de fonctionnaires et de comités consultatifs de même que des exercices de consultation publique. La recherche a permis de mettre en lumière que les règlements d’urbanisme ont tendance à se concentrer sur les valeurs dont la matérialité est connue (valeurs architecturales et paysagères notamment) et à délaisser les valeurs immatérielles (valeurs d’usage, valeurs identitaires et emblématiques). La juxtaposition des valeurs peut atténuer ce déséquilibre en protégeant une valeur immatérielle par l’entremise d’une valeur matérielle. La documentation des valeurs patrimoniales et de leur incarnation dans l’aménagement d’un site revêt une importance majeure pour l’application des critères d’évaluation. De plus, l’évaluation discrétionnaire apporte de multiple points de vue sur un projet, des opinions d’acteurs, experts en patrimoine ou non, généralement absents de l’évaluation des projets, ce qui contribue à l’évolution de ces derniers. Les consultations publiques donnent lieu à la réévaluation des valeurs patrimoniales ainsi qu’à l’approfondissement des connaissances.