992 resultados para Blocos de terra comprimida


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A bananeira cv. D´Angola demanda grandes quantidades de nutrientes para seu desenvolvimento e produção. Para uma recomendação adequada de fertilizantes, é importante que se conheçam as quantidades de nutrientes absorvidas, exportadas e restituídas ao solo pela planta. Objetivou-se avaliar os acúmulos de fitomassa e macronutrientes na bananeira cv. D´Angola (tipo Terra), em cinco doses de nitrogênio (N) aplicado em fertirrigação por gotejamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no campo da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, no município de Cruz das Almas-BA, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a fitomassa e o acúmulo de nutrientes em cinco órgãos da planta (pseudocaule, folhas, frutos, engaço e coração), em cinco doses de N (135; 180; 225; 270 e 315 kg ha-1) aplicadas via água de irrigação. Os resultados indicaram que o acúmulo de fitomassa e nutrientes para a bananeira cv. D´Angola mostrou que há diferentes níveis de absorção, exportação e restituição ao solo de macronutrientes entre os órgãos da planta, em função das doses de N, e que, em média, o pseudocaule e as folhas foram os órgãos que mais acumularam de nutrientes, enquanto o coração foi o que menos acumulou. A ordem decrescente de absorção na planta foi potássio, seguido por nitrogênio e cálcio.

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A proliferação de blocos internacionais de comércio foi retomada na década de 80 com o patrocínio importante dos Estados Unidos, apoiada na convicção de seus defensores de que esses representam o caminho mais rápido e efetivo até o objetivo comum do multilateralismo. Apesar das duras críticas que a análise estática desses arranjos oferece, demonstrando resultados potencialmente negativos e relevantes quanto a perdas de bem estar, essa tendência mantém-se persistente. Tal paradoxo vem motivando contribuições teóricas importantes que procuram explicar esse comportamento à luz da economia-política. Esse trabalho procura examinar a estrutura de incentivos envolvida no processo de determinação da política comercial internacional pelos governos e como as instituições internacionais afetam essa decisão.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Growing in orange on Terra Mulata has been submitted nutrient limitation requiring correction in agricultural areas. The application of biochar associated with another source of nutrients can be a viable alternative to increase the efficiency of fertilizers and reduce losses in the areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar, poultry litter and NPK in the nutritional status of orange trees grown in an Oxisol with anthropogenic A horizon (Terra Mulata). The study was conducted in a rural property landfall in Manacapuru (AM) in a randomized block design with eight treatments using biochar, poultry litter and NPK (4-14-8) applied in isolation and associates. To review two samples were taken at different periods of sheets to determine the nutritional status. Fertilizers applied did not increase the efficiency in the availability of contents of N, P, Fe and Zn, being the latter below the range of suitable content. As for the K, compost chicken manure and their combinations increased their availability, and the highest levels of Mg were found in the control treatment.

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This study was developed with the aim of evaluating the performance and land use efficiency of different arrangements of intercropping with maize and forage. The field experiment was conducted in Tangar da Serra/MT. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3x2 + 1, were as three arrangements of intercropping, two species of forage and an additional treatment with maize monoculture in four replication. In maize monoculture and intercropping were evaluated: plant height and ear insertion height, plant population, weight of 100 grains, productivity, number of grain rows and number of grain per row. In forages intercropping with maize were evaluated plant population and dry matter accumulation. The arrangements with Maize + Forage sown in the line and Maize + Forage sown in two rows between rows with the species Urochloa hybrid promoted best corn yields. The modality and species affect both the productivity of maize as forages species. Grain yield of maize is higher in monoculture. The higher dry matter accumulation of Urochloa hybrid occurs in the Maize + Forage sown in one row between rows, while, for the Urochloa brizantha the arrangements studied do not affect their yields. The arrangement with best land use efficiency is Maize + Forage sown in two rows between rows for both study forage species.

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A Amazônia se constitui enorme fonte de biodiversidade não utilizada pela humanidade. Um exemplo desta biodiversidade é o camucamuzeiro (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh), que atualmente desperta grande interesse devido ao potencial de produção de frutos com alto teor de ácido ascórbico, quantidade esta que varia de 2 400 a 3 000 mg/100g de mesocarpo a ate 5 000 mg /100g de casca. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho vegetativo de 11 acessos coletados em populações naturais e cultivados em terra firme. Os acessos foram coletados no rio Solimões e plantados em Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, Para, em Latossolo Amarelo textura média, delineamento em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas de cinco planta úteis e competitivas, plantadas em espaçamento de 4m x 4m, com bordadura simples nas extremidades. Foram avaliados dados de altura da planta, diâmetro do caule principal a 60 cm do solo, número de caules, comprimento e largura da folha e área foliar. Detectaram-se diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para diâmetro do caule e comprimento da folha, e altamente significativas (p<0,01) para número de caules, largura da folha e área foliar, indicando que estes são caracteres capazes de discriminar esses acessos. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível cultivar camucamuzeiro em terra firme e que o acesso Solimões 1012 apresentou melhor desempenho nas condições estudadas. Conclui-se que a população Solimões 1012 poderá ser utilizada quando da implantação de pomares de camucamuzeiro.

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Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.

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The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemical additives (lime and Portland cement) associated with sodium silicate on soil in order to obtain compressed soil bricks. Mini panels were constructed with such bricks being their physical and mechanical characteristics determined in laboratory conditions and their behavior evaluated through the association of destructive and non-destructive methods. For this purpose a sandy soil and a finely divided one were added to Portland cement and lime in the dosage of 6% and 10% taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil. The sodium silicate dosage of 4% was also taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil-cement or to the dry soil-lime. The compressed soil bricks were cured in a humidity chamber for 7; 28; 56 and 91 days. The bricks were laid on the fourteenth day to form prismatic mini panels each one with four layers of bricks. After 28; 56 and 91 days the mini panels were submitted to both; ultrasonic and compressive tests to determine its elastic properties (dynamic modulus) and the compressive resistance. The best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption capacity or dynamic elastic modulus, were reached by the sandy soil added to 10% of Portland cement or lime associated with sodium silicate.

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The objective of this work was to compare the soybean crop mapping in the western of Parana State by MODIS/Terra and TM/Landsat 5 images. Firstly, it was generated a soybean crop mask using six TM images covering the crop season, which was used as a reference. The images were submitted to Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood digital classification algorithms, followed by visual inspection. Four MODIS images, covering the vegetative peak, were classified using the Parallelepiped method. The quality assessment of MODIS and TM classification was carried out through an Error Matrix, considering 100 sample points between soybean or not soybean, randomly allocated in each of the eight municipalities within the study area. The results showed that both the Overall Classification (OC) and the Kappa Index (KI) have produced values ranging from 0.55 to 0.80, considered good to very good performances, either in TM or MODIS images. When OC and KI, from both sensors were compared, it wasn't found no statistical difference between them. The soybean mapping, using MODIS, has produced 70% of reliance in terms of users. The main conclusion is that the mapping of soybean by MODIS is feasible, with the advantage to have better temporal resolution than Landsat, and to be available on the internet, free of charge.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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The potential of charcoal and of partially combusted organic waste to mimic the soil organic matter of the Terras Pretas de Índios (Amazonian Dark Earths) from the Amazon Region is discussed. These materials serve as soil conditioners and as sequesterers of carbon in recalcitrant and in reactive forms. Studies carried out by Brazilian and by international groups have contributed to the emergence of an awareness of the compositions and of the uses of these materials. In this contribution we report on chemical studies that are leading to the development of a scientific and technological awareness, and of innovations that will have value in finding novel uses in applications to soil of chars from organic wastes such as those from the biofuel industry, and from metallurgical and various coal plant residues.

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Geodetic observations are affected by the disturbing potential of the luni-solar tide. Among those observations, the value of g obtained from gravimetric survey needs correction by the gravimetric factor. This correction is derived from the Numbers of Love, which depend on the adopted model of Earth. Because of this, it is necessary to update the correction since the gravimetric factor widely used in Brazil as delta = 1.20 does not consider local rheological variations and they are latitude dependent. A discrepancy of about 1% between the observed tidal gravimetric factors d of the ""Trans World Tidal Gravity Profiles"" (TWTGP), related to Brussels fundamental station, and those obtained by recent observations reported by Freitas and Ducarme ( 1991). Experiments based on inertial force effects also reveal a variation of about 0.5% in the observed d. A same order of magnitude difference is obtained for an anelastic Earth model when compared with a viscous-elastic model and even when different frequencies of tidal perturbations are considered. In this paper regression models are presented for gravimetric factors for the lunar components O(1) and M(2) in Brazil. These models were obtained from observations performed at stations belonging to the Brazilian segment of the TWTGP.

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Nas ??ltimas d??cadas o protagonismo do Brasil na arena pol??tica internacional tem se tornado mais evidente. O Pa??s tem atuado no sentido de promover a coopera????o para o desenvolvimento de v??rios pa??ses com problemas bastante complexos, buscando por meio de a????es de longo prazo alterar estruturas sociais e econ??micas. O estudo de caso apresenta o sum??rio de um diagn??stico realizado por um consultor contratado pelo governo fict??cio de Terra Linda, a fim de auxiliar a elabora????o de projeto de coopera????o horizontal a ser desenvolvido com Brasil. Embora se trate de um pa??s imagin??rio, o Estudo de Caso ?? baseado em dados reais e visa estimular o debate sobre qual o melhor modo de gerir uma parceria entre Estados-na????es, quais as ??reas priorit??rias a serem atendidas, qual a melhor forma de utilizar os recursos, bem como qual o papel de cada ator envolvido

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Esta iniciativa partiu da necessidade de chegarmos mais perto de nosso cliente, o segurado. Dezoito milh??es de aposentados e pensionistas, quatro milh??es de contribuintes individuais, outros milh??es de contribuintes empregados, e todos ligados a maior seguradora do Brasil. Como atender a este p??blico, falar de seus direitos e deveres, enfim conceder-lhes os benef??cios? Na ??rea urbana ?? f??cil, s??o 1.600 ag??ncias com atendimento permanente, mesmo em cidades do interior. Mas e a zona rural? E a popula????o ribeirinha dos grandes rios? Como chegar at?? eles? Foi pensando em todas estas diversifica????es de p??blico que a Previd??ncia Social criou o Projeto "O INSS vai ?? Comunidade", uma a????o volunt??ria de equipes de servidores que se dedicam a atender, n??o importa a dist??ncia ou os meios de locomo????o, de carro, ??nibus, barco ou avi??o. N??s chegamos l??. Enfrentamos o frio do sul, o calor e a seca das regi??es do norte/nordeste para levar atendimento, esclarecimento ??s popula????es carentes com dificuldade de chegar aos grandes centros. Prosseguindo a pol??tica de aproxima????o com o segurado