Thermal behaviour of α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, sodium α-hydroxyisobutyrate and its compounds with some bivalent transition metal ions

Synthesis, characterization and thermal decomposition of bivalent transition metal α-hydroxyisobutyrates, M(C4H7O 3)2·nH2O (M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)), as well as the thermal behaviour of α-hydroxyisobutyric acid and its sodium salt were investigated employing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TG-DSC coupled to FTIR, elemental analysis and complexometry. All the compounds were obtained as dihydrated, except the copper one which was obtained in the anhydrous state. The thermal decomposition of the anhydrous compounds occurs in a single or two steps and the final residue up to 235 C (Mn), 300 C (Fe), 305 C (Co), 490 C (Ni), 260 C (Cu) and 430 C (Zn) is Mn2O3, Fe2O3, Co3O 4, NiO, CuO and ZnO, respectively. The results also provided information concerning the ligand's denticity and identification of the gaseous products evolved during the thermal decomposition of these compounds. Copyright © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal behaviour of nicotinic acid, sodium nicotinate and its compounds with some bivalent transition metal ions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Solid-state compounds of 2-methoxybenzylidenepyruvate with some bivalent metal ions - Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior studies

Solid-state M-2-MeO-BP compounds, where M represents bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and 2-MeO-BP is 2-methoxybenzylidenepyruvate have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravinietry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, crystallinity and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

Nanopartículas magnéticas: o cobalto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese, caracterização e estudo termoanalítico dos succinatos de alguns metais de transição bivalentes no estado sólido

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Síntese, caracterização e estudo termoanalítico dos nicotinatos de alguns metais de transição bivalentes no estado sólido

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Detektion von Nickel- und Cobaltspezies in einzelnen lebenden Zellen mit hoher lateraler Auflösung

Übergangsmetallen wie Nickel und Cobalt kommt meist eine große Bedeutung als Cofaktor in Enzymen oder Metallkomplexen im Metabolismus von Lebewesen zu. Da eine sehr geringe Konzentration dieser Übergangsmetalle in einer Zelle für deren Funktionalität ausreicht, ist eine konstante Konzentration der Spurenelemente in einer Zelle angestrebt. Durch meist anthropogene Einflüsse sind Pflanzen und Menschen zunehmend hohen Konzentrationen von Übergangsmetallen ausgesetzt, die in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Spezies, der Konzentration und der Lokalisation unterschiedliche Toxizitäten aufweisen können. Die Speziation von Metallen wurde bisher mittels gängiger Analyseverfahren, wie der ICP-MS und ähnlicher Verfahren, anhand von bulk-Material durchgeführt. Durch die Entwicklung von optischen Sensoren für Metallionen war es möglich, diese Metalle auch in lebenden Zellen mittels Fluoreszenzmikroskopie zu lokalisieren. Ke und Kollegen (2006, 2007) nutzten einen solchen optischen Sensor - Newport Green DCF, um die Aufnahme von Nickel in humane A543 Lungenbronchialepithelzellen nach Inkubation mit dem wasserlöslichen NiCl2 (0,5 mM und 1 mM) sowie den wasserunlöslichen Verbindungen Ni3S2 (0,5 µg/cm2 und 1 µg/cm2) und NiS (2,5 µg/cm2) nachzuweisen und zu lokalisieren und konnten damit eine Akkumulation von Nickel im Zytoplasma und im Zellkern aufzeigen. Dabei war bei wasserlöslichen und wasserunlöslichen Nickelverbindungen Nickel nach 24 h im Zytoplasma und erst nach 48 h im Zellkern zu beobachten.rnrnDa Nickel und Cobalt keine detektierbare Eigenfluoreszenz unter den gegebenen Bedingungen zeigten, wurde für den optischen Nachweis von Nickel und Cobalt mit dem konfokalen Laser-Raster Mikroskop (CLSM) nach der Zugabe der verschiedenen wasserlöslichen und wasserunlöslichen Metallverbindungen NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni3S2 und CoCl2 in einzelnen lebenden humanen Gingiva-Fibroblasten, sowie in Pflanzenzellen in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls der optische Sensor Newport Green DCF genutzt. Korrespondierend zu den Ergebnissen früherer Arbeiten von Ke et al. (2006, 2007), in denen die Nickelaufnahme bei Konzentrationen von >0,5 mM NiCl2 bzw. >0,5 µg/cm2 Ni3S2 gezeigt wurde, wurde Nickel in Fibroblasten in Abhängigkeit von der Spezies mit steigender Metallkonzentration von 100 µM bis 500 µM nach 16 h im Zytoplasma und zunehmend nach 24 h bis 48 h im Zellkern detektiert. Bei der wasserunlöslichen Verbindung Ni3S2 war der Nachweis von Nickel im Zellkern bereits nach 16 h bis 24 h erfolgreich. Zusätzlich wurden weitere Strukturen wie das Endoplasmatische Retikulum, die Mitochondrien und die Nukleoli durch eine starke Fluoreszenz des optischen Sensors bei Colokalisationsexperimenten mit Organell-spezifischen Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen als target für die Nickelbindung vermutet. Die Lokalisation von Cobalt in den Fibroblasten entsprach weitgehend der Lokalisation von Nickel. Im Zellkern war die Cobaltlokalisation jedoch auf die Nukleoli beschränkt. Weiterführende Versuche an humanen Gingiva-Fibroblasten zeigten, dass die Aufnahme der Metalle in die Fibroblasten pH-Wert abhängig war. Niedrige pH-Werte im sauren pH-Bereich verringerten die Aufnahme der Metalle in die Zellen, wobei ein pH-Wert im basischen Bereich keinen bedeutenden Unterschied zum neutralen pH-Bereich aufwies. Im Vergleich zu den Fibroblasten war in Pflanzenzellen zu jedem Zeitpunkt, auch bei geringen Konzentrationen der Metallverbindungen sowie des optischen Sensors, Nickel und Cobalt in den Zellkernen detektierbar. Durch die Eigenschaft der Pflanzenzellen eine Vakuole zu besitzen, war Nickel und Cobalt hauptsächlich in den Vakuolen lokalisiert. Weitere Strukturen wie das Endoplasmatische Retikulum, die Mitochondrien oder auch die Zellwand kamen bei Pflanzenzellen als target in Frage.rnrnDie Fluoreszenz und Lokalisation der Metalle in den Fibroblasten waren unabhängig von der Spezies sehr ähnlich, sodass in den Zellen die Spezies anhand der fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Aufnahmen kaum unterschieden werden konnten. Lambda-Scans in verschiedenen regions of interest (ROI) wurden durchgeführt, um durch die Fluoreszenzspektren Hinweise auf eine charakteristische Beeinflussung der Bindungspartner von Nickel und Cobalt oder dieser Metalle selbst in den Zellen auf den optischen Sensor zu bekommen und diese dadurch identifizieren zu können. Das Ziel der parallelen Detektion bzw. Lokalisation und gleichzeitigen Speziation bestimmter Nickel- und Cobaltpezies in einzelnen lebenden Zellen konnte in dieser Arbeit durch den optischen Sensor Newport Green DCF nicht erreicht werden.

Phase Transitions of Trace Metals in the Aquatic Environment of Kuttanad, Kerala

This thesis is a modest attempt in assessing the trace metal levels and their behavior in the aquatic environment of Kuttanad, an aquatic system that is severely affected by man’s intervention on natural processes, by study seriously evaluating the levels of trace metals in dissolved and particulate phases and also in the different chemical fractions of the sediments. Understanding of the distributions, variations and transfer processes of trace metals in different environmental phases in the backwaters of Kuttanad is vital for the assessment of the water pollution problems and study the ecology of the area which contributes 20% of the rice production in the State of Kerala. Kuttand is a low-lying, shallow bay formed as a result of geological uplift. The major economic activity is agriculture involving 40% of the population. About 1.5% of the people are engaged in aquaculture. The trace metal distribution in the Kuttand backwaters is considerably influenced by the tropical features of the location and by human activities including agricultural activities and construction of salinity barrier. In this study an attempt is made to differentiate the metals in the sediment into exchangeable, reducible and resistant fractions in the sediments.

Phase Transitions Of Trace Metals In The Aquatic Environment Of Kuttanad, Kerala

Environmental persistence, fate and interactive effects with living organisms - beneficial or toxic - of trace elements are directly related to the physico-chemical forms in which they occur. Knowledge on the association of trace metals with different environmental compartments in an aquatic system are, therefore, essential for monitoring the trace metal pollution as well as transport, fate and bio-geochemical cycles of trace metals. This thesis is a modest attempt in assessing the trace metal levels and their behaviour in the aquatic environment of Kuttanad, an aquatic system that is severely affected by man's intervention on natural processes, by seriously evaluating the levels of trace metals in dissolved and particulate phases and also in the different chemical fractions of the sediments.

Influence of metallic nanoparticles on electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions of Eu(3+) doped germanate glasses

Luminescence properties of Eu(3+) doped germanate glasses containing either silver or gold nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated for excitation at 405 nm. Enhanced emissions and luminescence quenching of the Eu(3+) transitions in the range from 570 to 720 nm were observed for samples having various concentrations of metallic NPs. Electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions that originate from the Eu(3+) level (5)D(0) exhibit large enhancement due to the presence of the metallic NPs. The results suggest that the magnetic response of rare-earth doped metal-dielectric composites at optical frequencies can be as strong as their electric response due to the confinement of the optical magnetic field. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3431347]

Atomic Ordering and Martensitic Transitions in Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloys

We present results from both, calorimetric and dilatometric studies of the isothermal ordering process taking place in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy after quenches from Tq temperatures ranging from 350 K to 1200 K. The dissipated energy and the length variations of the system are obtained during the process. The change of these quantities in the whole process have been compared with the difference [MATH] between Ms, measured after the relaxation and Ms measured just after the quench. We obtain that these three quantities present, as a function of Tq, the same qualitative behaviour. These changes are then associated with changes of the L21 ordering after the quench in the system. The relaxational process does not follow a single exponential decay. Instead, a continuous slowing down is observed. A relaxation time [MATH] has been defined to characterize the relaxation rate. We show that [MATH] depends on both the annealing and the quenching (Tq [MATH] 800 K) temperatures through an Arrhenius law.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour on solid pyruvates of some bivalent metal ions

Solid state M-L compounds, were M stands for bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and L is pyruvate, have been synthesized. Thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, ligand denticity, and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate of some bivalent metal ions in CO2 and N2 atmospheres

Solid State M-2-MeO-CP compounds, where M stands for bivalent metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) and 2-MeO-CP is 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate, were synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis and complexometry were used to establish the stoichiometry and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds in CO2 and N2 atmospheres. The results were consistent with the general formula: M(L)2∙H2O. In both atmospheres (CO2, N2) the thermal decomposition occurs in consecutive steps which are characteristic of each compound. For CO2 atmosphere the final residues were: Mn3O4, Fe3O4, Co3O4, NiO, Cu2O and ZnO, while under N2 atmosphere the thermal decomposition is still observed at 1000 º C.

Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic investigation of new tetrakis(acetylacetonato)thulate(III) complexes containing alkaline metals as countercations

In this work a series of tetrakis complexes C[Tm(acac)(4)] where C(+) = Li(+) Na(+) and K(+) countercations and acac = acetylacetonate ligand were synthesized and characterized for photoluminescence investigation The relevant aspect is that these complexes are water-free in the first coordination sphere The emission spectra of the tetrakis Tm(3+)-complexes present narrow bands characteristic of the (1)G(4)->(3)H(6) (479 nm) (1)G(4)->(3)F(4) (650 nm) and (1)G(4) ->(3)H(5) (779 nm) transitions of the Tm(3+) ion with the blue emission color at 479 nm as the most prominent one The lifetime values (tau) of the emitting (1)G(4) level of the C[Tm(acac)(4)] complexes were 344 360 and 400 ns for the Li(+) Na(+) and K(+) countercations respectively showing an increasing linear behavior versus the ionic radius of the alkaline ion An efficient intramolecular energy transfer process from the triplet state (T) of the ligands to the emitting (1)G(4) state of the Tm(3+) ion is observed This fact together with the absence of water molecules in first coordination sphere allows these tetrakis Tm(3+)-complexes to act as efficient blue light conversion molecular devices (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour on solid tartrates of some bivalent metal ions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)