Proceedings : Grand Lodge, A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario - 1930

On spine : The Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario.

Indenture of deed for taxes between Benjamin Walker Smith, sheriff of the County of Simcoe and Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Clifton

Indenture of deed for taxes between Benjamin Walker Smith, sheriff of the County of Simcoe and Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Clifton for 98 acres in the Township of Tiny in the County of Simcoe, Lot no. 15 in the 18th Concession, Dec. 12, 1861.

Questions and answers of W. Joseph Smith, clerk of Grimsby

Questions and answers of W. Joseph Smith, clerk of Grimsby (2 pages, handwritten). These pages are stained and slightly torn. This affects a small portion of the text, 1830.

Examination of W. Joseph Smith, clerk of Grimsby

Examination of W. Joseph Smith, clerk of Grimsby (2 pages, handwritten). The pages are stained and torn. This affects the text slightly, 1830.

A national security strategy for England: Matthew Sutcliffe, the Earl of Essex, and the Cadiz Expedition of 1596

The English cleric Matthew Sutcliffe arguably produced the first comprehensive security concept in history. It had at its centre the war between England and Spain (1585-1604), and Sutcliffe advocated taking the war to the Iberian Peninsula to seize Philip II's main Atlantic ports, rather than remaining satisfied with the indirect combat of Spain in Flanders, defensive action against naval attacks on England and the guerre de course on Spanish shipping at sea. This approach seems to be at the heart of Essex's 1596 naval campaing against Spanish ports, which foundered on the bureaucratic politics of the Elizabethan government.