Perception du soutien social chez les adolescentes victimes d'agression sexuelle

Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Doctorat (D.Psy.) en psychologie option psychologie clinique

Análisis de los diferentes actores y factores de poder que influyeron en la toma del Palacio de Justicia

La toma del Palacio de Justicia, ocurrida el día 6 de noviembre del año 1985, fue una acción armada del M-19, denominada “Operación Antonio Nariño por los Derechos del Hombre” , con la que se pretendió enjuiciar al entonces Presidente de la República Belisario Betancur Cuartas, por su “incumplimiento de las promesas de paz y traición a los acuerdos suscritos” un año atrás con dicho grupo guerrillero. Dicha acción armada fue seguida por una denominada retoma del Palacio de Justicia, a manos de la Policía y el Ejército nacional. Esta investigación pretende analizar a partir de la Ciencia Política, y de una perspectiva académica, los diferentes factores y actores del poder que influyeron en la toma del Palacio de Justicia, y en las consecuencias de la misma; con tal fin, se ha realizado un análisis del fenómeno del poder ostentado por cada una de las partes intervinientes.

Análisis de la actuación de la Autoridad Ejecutiva Temporal de las Naciones Unidas – (UNTEA) en la protección de los derechos políticos de los grupos vulnerables. Estudio de caso: Adhesión de Papúa Occidental a Indonesia (1962-1969)

Estudio de caso en el análisis de la situación afrontada por la población de Papúa Occidental durante el periodo de 1962-1969, época en la que la nueva República de Indonesia y Holanda se disputaban la soberanía sobre el territorio papuano. Dicha disputa tuvo lugar durante la época de Guerra Fría, lo que llevó a que Estados Unidos junto con sus aliados en la región y la Unión Soviética intervinieran en él. Finalmente, Estados Unidos teniendo en cuenta sus intereses favoreció a la República de Indonesia y obligó a Holanda firmar el Acuerdo de Nueva York, en el que se establecía que sería la Autoridad Ejecutiva Temporal de las Naciones Unidas quien administrara y preparara el territorio para un futuro Acto de Libre Elección. En cualquiera que fuese el panorama, las Naciones Unidas no cumplieron con lo establecido en el Acuerdo lo que llevó a que fueran condescendientes con todas las peticiones indonesias sin tener en cuenta los deseos y los derechos de la población papuana, violándose su derecho de auto-determinación de los pueblos.

Destierro y redención: el «síndrome de Adán y Eva» en La belleza del mundo de Héctor Tizón (Crítica)

En este ensayo, el autor plantea un diálogo entre la novela La belleza del mundo, de Héctor Tizón, y los arquetipos bíblicos de Adán y Eva, la pérdida del paraíso y el destierro, y el retorno al Edén. A partir de la traición primigenia de la esposa del protagonista, se inicia la integración a un tiempo cíclico e infinito –el del exilio. En el destierro, el protagonista está marcado por su afán de anular la temporalidad real y, a la vez, su propia identidad, intenta forzosamente olvidar la propia historia, lo cual lo conduce a una crisis de identidad. Al cabo de un largo recorrido, se plantea la necesidad de incorporar los acontecimientos de la vida a un tiempo mítico que regenere y perpetúe todas las acciones, y en el cual se busque el sufrimiento para alcanzar la salvación. El autor evidencia paralelismos diversos del texto con la doctrina cristiana: el protagonista comprende que para regresar a su propio centro debe perdonar. Y eso solo es posible regresando, enfrentando su pasado: el tiempo de redención es un regreso, pero el mismo-nuevo sitio no vuelve a ser jamás el paraíso.

Chaucer's presence in songes and sonettes

In an elegy to Wyatt published in Tottel’s Miscellany, Surrey claims that Wyatt ‘reft Chaucer the glory of his wit’. This statement, which both lauds and resists Chaucer, is a microcosm of the way Chaucer is treated throughout the Miscellany. In examining the collection’s paradoxical attitude to Chaucer, this essay focuses particularly on the Squire’s Tale, the Franklin’s Tale, Anelida and Arcite, the Legend of Good Women, and several short lyrics. In its interest in courtly love poetry and Petrarch, the Miscellany follows a trajectory in English poetry set by Chaucer. Its courtly verse is saturated with words, phrases, and tropes from his poetry. Rhyme royal, which he introduced into English poetry, is widely used. The Canterbury Tales has been fully assimilated and can be referred to allusively with the same confidence of the audience’s knowledge as is the case when referring to classical myth; in Wyatt’s ‘Myne owne Jhon Poins’, the speaker, disclaiming deceitfulness, says that he cannot ‘say that Pan/ Passeth Appollo in musike manifold:/ Praise syr Topas for a noble tale,/ And scorne the story that the knight tolde’ (lines 48-50). However, Chaucer’s poetry is also downplayed and contested in the Miscellany. ‘Truth’, the only poem of his which appears in the volume, is disingenuously placed in the ‘Uncertain Authors’ section. In addition, some of the most important elements of his work are strongly resisted in the Miscellany, either ignored, dismissed or challenged. These elements include Chaucer’s interest in variety of voice, his sympathetic engagement with women, particularly wronged women, and his interest in female speech and particularly female complaint. The Miscellany, by contrast, is dominated by male-voiced lyrics preoccupied with the pain inflicted on the lover by a lady who is frequently unfeeling, cruel, or faithless. Chaucer’s frequent focus on the cynical seduction and betrayal of female by male is reversed in the Miscellany, and the language and metaphors he uses to express male cruelty (e.g. the word ‘newfangleness’ and images of hooks, nets and traps) are usurped to describe the lady’s cruelty to the suffering lover. On occasion, poems in the Miscellany challenge specific Chaucerian texts; ‘On His Love Named White’ throws down a gauntlet to The Book of the Duchess, while two of Surrey’s poems implicitly take issue with the female falcon’s voice in the Squire’s Tale, giving the deceitful tercelet the opportunity to shout down the falcon’s charges. The essay thus shows that in many respects Tottel’s Miscellany is only superficially Chaucerian, and that it both passively and actively takes issue with Chaucer’s work.

Forró eletrônico: uma análise sobre a representação da figura feminina

Understanding music as a social manifestation, able to represent the time and culture along with their uses and mores, we look at the female figure in the electronic forró genre. Through a reading of the two genres musical and feminine we seek to identify the discourses present in the compositions, which refer to the feminine with thematic and/or terms referring to women. The study focuses on the compositions between 2009 to 2010 which became hits, ie.: those which have attained the highest number of listeners to 96 FM in a program named Paradão 96, broadcasted daily in the city of Natal/RN. Grounded in such concepts as cultural industry, mass culture, folkcommunication and gender, we analyze the processes of meaning production as a result of using the female figure and more accurately, about the representation of women through the discourse of this specific genre. We have chose the descriptive research with a qualitative approach and Discourse Analysis as a technique to identify the terms that refer to women, reflecting on what would be the possible meanings found in these speeches. We point out that in our investigation the female figure turned into a sexual object, erotic and submissive, in their turn, attributes usually given to women, was not a predominant result in the speech of electronic forró gender. With a variant thematic some playful and others about the betrayal of women we have identified that, to the surprise of many, including ourselves, romantic love was the one who led the audience requests during our time frame and that the female figure has several facets within the studied genre

Não há você sem mim: histórias de mulheres sobreviventes de uma tentativa de homicídio

The murder-suicide (H / S) has been defined as a shocking crime in which a person takes the life of another and then kills himself within 24 hours. Set up as a gender violence, because men are in majority, the killers and the women victims. This study aims to understand the meanings of the experience of a H / S, from women who have survived this act. This study sets up as a hermeneutic phenomenological research, based on Heidegger`s ontology. We interviewed three survivors of H / S, whose narratives allowed to approach the senses present in their lives. The interviews were transcribed and interpreted in accordance with the hermeneutic circle, as proposed by Martin Heidegger. From the interviews of research participants perceive that these women have built their senses in stocks, represented the family foundation and the presence of a husband and children. This project that moved their lives toward the construction of modes-of-being. We noticed the presence of historicity constructing meanings for the existence of these women. We found reports of an experience of loving relationships characterized by strong jealousy, with the presence of fantasies of betrayal, and marked by a careful affective relationship that put them in the position of object possession of his companions. Reflect that such caring restricted their existence being-for-husband. So the senses that moved their stocks, which aimed his ways existential, was the creation of a family, a reference to their lives, to live a love, and care for the children. Therefore, beyond the already known aspects in studies on violence against women, which made these women continue to choose this relationship was the sense that they had for their existence. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the construction of a new look on violence against women, taking as a basis the Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology

The Magic Toyshop: A narrativa imagética como processo de recriação

Because it belongs to a cultural practice, the adaptation of a novel into a feature film will always exist within a context and, for being subject to changes, corresponding modifications in the political sphere and even variations in the meaning of the story may occur. This seems to be precisely the result of the transformation of Angela Carter's second novel, The Magic Toyshop, into the homonymous film, directed by David Whealtey in 1987. Removed from the context of the book's production and publication, a crucial period of questioning about the importance of women in society and culture, the plot created by the English author in the sixties, rewritten two decades later, with the author herself as the script writer, seems to have acquired another meaning during this time. Although the film maintains the same plot of the novel, the political engagement visibly present in the narrative, namely Carter's critical stance about the model of patriarchal society, seems to lose its strength, highlighting now its fantastic character. Briefly discussing issues such as loyalty and betrayal of one gender to another, we seek in this paper to observe the film, based on the re-writers perspective, in other words, the prospects of both writer and director, as a process of rebuilding the story. In this dialogue, the script was also used as an intertext for a better understanding of this process.

Negatória de paternidade: uma análise sob a ótica do pai

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Agora eu fiquei doce: o discurso da autoestima no sertanejo universitário

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Agora eu fiquei doce: o discurso da autoestima no sertanejo universitário

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Law, Informal Institutions and Trust: an Experimental Perspective

This dissertation has studied how legal and non-legal mechanisms affect the levels of trust and trustworthiness in an economy, and whether and when subtle psychological factors are crucial for establishing trust and even for recovering trust from a breach of contract. The first Chapter has addressed the question of whether formal legal enforcement crowds out or crowds in the amount of trust in a society. We find that formal legal mechanisms, especially formal contracts backed by a powerful authority, normally undermine trust except when they are perceived as legitimate, or when there are no strong social norms of fairness (i.e. the population in a society is considerably heterogeneous), or when the environment in which repeated commercial relationships take place becomes highly uncertain. The second Chapter has examined whether the endogenous adoption of a collective punishment institution can help a society coordinate on an efficient outcome, characterized by high levels of trust and trustworthiness. The experimental results show that the endogenous introduction of collective punishment by means of a majority-voting rule does not significantly improve coordination on the efficient equilibrium. Not all subjects seem to be able to anticipate the change in behavior induced by the introduction of the mechanism, and a majority of them vote against it. The third Chapter has explored whether high-trustors adapt their behavior in response to others’ trustworthiness or untrustworthiness more quickly, which in turn supports them to maintain higher default expectations of others’ trustworthiness relative to low-trustors. Our experimental results reveal that high-trustors are better than low-trustors at predicting others’ trustworthiness because they are less susceptible to the anticipated aversive emotions aroused by the potential betrayal and thereby have a higher willingness to acquire the valuable information about their partner’s actions.

Where Is "Home"? Value Conflicts, Identity Crises and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Identity in Myanmar Students Studying in the United States

Fully engaging in a new culture means translating oneself into a different set of cultural values, and many of the values can be foreign to the individual. The individual may face conflicting tensions between the psychological need to be a part of the new society and feelings of guilt or betrayal towards the former society, culture or self. Many international students from Myanmar, most of whom have little international experience, undergo this value and cultural translation during their time in American colleges. It is commonly assumed that something will be lost in the process of translation and that the students become more Westernized or never fit into both Myanmar and US cultures. However, the study of the narratives of the Myanmar students studying in the US reveals a more complex reality. Because individuals have multifaceted identities and many cultures and subcultures are fluctuating and intertwined with one another, the students¿ cross-cultural interactions can also help them acquire new ways of seeing things. Through their struggle to engage in the US college culture, many students display the theory of ¿cosmopolitanism¿ in their transformative identity formation process and thus, define and identify themselves beyond one set of cultural norms.

Oxytocin shapes the neural circuitry of trust and trust adaptation in humans.

Trust and betrayal of trust are ubiquitous in human societies. Recent behavioral evidence shows that the neuropeptide oxytocin increases trust among humans, thus offering a unique chance of gaining a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying trust and the adaptation to breach of trust. We examined the neural circuitry of trusting behavior by combining the intranasal, double-blind, administration of oxytocin with fMRI. We find that subjects in the oxytocin group show no change in their trusting behavior after they learned that their trust had been breached several times while subjects receiving placebo decrease their trust. This difference in trust adaptation is associated with a specific reduction in activation in the amygdala, the midbrain regions, and the dorsal striatum in subjects receiving oxytocin, suggesting that neural systems mediating fear processing (amygdala and midbrain regions) and behavioral adaptations to feedback information (dorsal striatum) modulate oxytocin's effect on trust. These findings may help to develop deeper insights into mental disorders such as social phobia and autism, which are characterized by persistent fear or avoidance of social interactions.

El tópico de la afrenta por el abandono y por la risa de los otros en Filoctetes de Sófocles y en Medea de Eurípides

En este trabajo abordaremos el tópico de la afrenta, en los personajes protagónicos masculino y femenino de las tragedias de Sófocles y de Eurípides respectivamente. En Filoctetes como en Medea visualizamos el mencionado tópico en sus dos momentos: por un lado el abandono, que padecen sus personajes como materialización objetiva de la afrenta, y por otro lado, la consecuencia de este abandono: la risa, que provoca en los otros. Filoctetes deja de pertenecer a la griega, por el relegamiento de sus mismos compañeros; en cambio Medea siempre significó para los griegos la alteridad, la presencia de una amenaza que era necesario desechar. Será la afrenta por traición, abandono-olvido y burla de los otros, que involucra a estos personajes. Afrenta que en Filoctetes se subsume en la humanidad del héroe sofocleo y en su reivindicación posterior. Afrenta que en Medea adquiere los ribetes contestatarios del castigo