Towards the Physical Map of the Trypanosoma cruzi Nuclear Genome: Construction of YAC and BAC Libraries of the Reference Clone T. cruzi CL-Brener

Strategies to construct the physical map of the Trypanosoma cruzi nuclear genome have to capitalize on three main advantages of the parasite genome, namely (a) its small size, (b) the fact that all chromosomes can be defined, and many of them can be isolated by pulse field gel electrophoresis, and (c) the fact that simple Southern blots of electrophoretic karyotypes can be used to map sequence tagged sites and expressed sequence tags to chromosomal bands. A major drawback to cope with is the complexity of T. cruzi genetics, that hinders the construction of a comprehensive genetic map. As a first step towards physical mapping, we report the construction and partial characterization of a T. cruzi CL-Brener genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that consists of 2,770 individual YACs with a mean insert size of 365 kb encompassing around 10 genomic equivalents. Two libraries in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) have been constructed, BACI and BACII. Both libraries represent about three genome equivalents. A third BAC library (BAC III) is being constructed. YACs and BACs are invaluable tools for physical mapping. More generally, they have to be considered as a common resource for research in Chagas disease

Inflammation-induced alteration of astrocyte mitochondrial dynamics requires autophagy for mitochondrial network maintenance.

Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the metabolic signature of astrocytes underlie their response to neuroinflammation, but how proinflammatory stimuli induce these changes is poorly understood. By monitoring astrocytes following acute cortical injury, we identified a differential and region-specific remodeling of their mitochondrial network: while astrocytes within the penumbra of the lesion undergo mitochondrial elongation, those located in the core-the area invaded by proinflammatory cells-experience transient mitochondrial fragmentation. In brain slices, proinflammatory stimuli reproduced localized changes in mitochondrial dynamics, favoring fission over fusion. This effect was triggered by Drp1 phosphorylation and ultimately resulted in reduced respiratory capacity. Furthermore, maintenance of the mitochondrial architecture critically depended on the induction of autophagy. Deletion of Atg7, required for autophagosome formation, prevented the reestablishment of tubular mitochondria, leading to marked reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death. Thus, our data reveal autophagy to be essential for regenerating astrocyte mitochondrial networks during inflammation.

Oeuvres complètes de Tabarin : avec les Rencontres, fantaisies et coq-à-l'âne facétieux du baron de Gratelard , et divers opuscules publiés séparément sous le nom ou à propos de Tabarin. Tome 1 / Le tout précédé d'une introduction et d'une bibliographie tabarinique par Gustave Aventin

Collection : Bibliothèque elzévirienne ; 65, 1-2

Oeuvres complètes de Tabarin : avec les Rencontres, fantaisies et coq-à-l'âne facétieux du baron de Gratelard , et divers opuscules publiés séparément sous le nom ou à propos de Tabarin. Tome 2 / Le tout précédé d'une introduction et d'une bibliographie tabarinique par Gustave Aventin

Collection : Bibliothèque elzévirienne ; 65, 1-2

Oeuvres complètes de Tabarin : avec les Rencontres, fantaisies et coq-à-l'âne facétieux du baron de Gratelard , et divers opuscules publiés séparément sous le nom ou à propos de Tabarin. Tome 2 / Le tout précédé d'une introduction et d'une bibliographie tabarinique par Gustave Aventin

Collection : Bibliothèque elzévirienne ; 65, 1-2

Oeuvres complètes de Tabarin : avec les Rencontres, fantaisies et coq-à-l'âne facétieux du baron de Gratelard , et divers opuscules publiés séparément sous le nom ou à propos de Tabarin. Tome 1 / Le tout précédé d'une introduction et d'une bibliographie tabarinique par Gustave Aventin

Collection : Bibliothèque elzévirienne ; 65, 1-2