The regulation of cyber warfare under the jus ad bellum

This chapter evaluates the potential for legal regulation of the resort to cyber warfare between states under the ‘jus ad bellum’ (the law on the use of force). Debate in the literature has largely concerned whether cyber warfare falls within the scope of Article 2(4) UNC. The first part of this chapter sets out this debate. It then goes on to argue that the ‘Article 2(4) debate’ often misses the fact that an act of cyber warfare can be considered a breach of a different legal rule: the principle of non-intervention. The chapter further considers some of the issues in applying either the prohibition of the use of force or the principle of non-intervention to cyber warfare, and then concludes by arguing that the debate should be reoriented to focus on another existing international legal obligation: the duty to prevent cyber-attacks.

Remote law-making? American drone strikes and the development of jus ad bellum

There is growing concern amongst international lawyers that the United States’ use of unmanned armed vehicles to conduct lethal targeting operations against non-state actors is setting a dangerous precedent for the future and might lead to an erosion of important rules under international law. Taking seriously these concerns, this article examines in more detail the potential precedent created by the US through its lethal drone strikes and the provided justifications, for the purpose of the development of jus ad bellum. In identifying the claims made by the US under different theories of customary international law as qualified practice or expressions of opinio juris that can lead to an alteration of the law should they be accepted by the international community, this article takes a first step towards a more extensive debate on the potential effects of the US drone strikes on the development of international law.

Römische Persönlichkeiten in Josephus' bellum

Arthur Bernhard Posner

M. Annei Lucani Cordubensis prestantissimi poete archistorici bellum civile pharsalicum... opera omnibus.. [Texto impreso]

Nombre de imp. tomado de la marca tip. de la port

Bellum Discors Sophiae ac Philautiae veritatis ac falsitatis : dialogus planeaureus /

Mode of access: Internet.

Stephani Taurini Olomucen. Stauromachia, id est Cruciator Servile Bellum, ... In quinque libros summatim digestum. Euisdem index eorum quae in hoca opere visa sunt annotatu digniora.

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Crispi Sallustii [Opera] quae extant... : cum notis integris ... accedunt Julius Exsuperantius et Porcius Latro ... /

Contiene: Bellum Catilinarium sive De conjuratione Catilinae; Bellum Jugurth.

C. Crispi Sallustii, Bellum Catilinarium et Iugurthinum ad ultimam Wassii editionem diligenter castigata /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii De Bello Gallico et Civili, eiusque Fragmenta, et alia quaecumque exstant : accedit ad Commentarii De Bello Gallico A. Hictii continuatio itemque eiusdem Bellum Alexandrimum, Africanum, et Hispaniense : omnia ex veteri Seminarii Patavini editione, cui adiectae sunt Christophori Cellarii adnotationes.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bellum Papale sive concordia discors Sixti Quinti et Clementis Octavi circa Hieronymianam editionem ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Sallustii Crispi Bellum Catilinarium et Jugurthinum /

Mode of access: Internet.

R.P. ac Fratris Emmanuelis Perez de Quiroga ... provintiae Immaculatae Conceptionis ... bellum de sanguine Christi.

Mode of access: Internet.