Pore water (SO4, CH4, alkalinity, HS-, Ca, Sr, Mg, Ba) and solid phase (Ca, Sr, Mg, Ba) data measured in pockmark sediments of the Northern Congo Fan

This study focuses on the vertical distribution of authigenic carbonates (aragonite and high Mg-calcite) in the form of finely disseminated precipitates as well as massive carbonate concretions present in and above gas hydrate bearing sediments of the Northern Congo Fan. Analyses of Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba in pore water, bulk sediments and authigenic carbonates were carried out on gravity cores taken from three pockmark structures (Hydrate Hole, Black Hole and Worm Hole). In addition, a background core was retrieved from an area not influenced by fluid seepage. Pore water Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios are used to reveal the current depths of carbonate formation as well as the mineralogy of the authigenic precipitates. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of bulk sediments and massive carbonate concretions were applied to infer the presence and depth distribution of authigenic aragonite and high Mg-calcite, based on the approach presented by Bayon et al. [Bayon et al. (2007). Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in Niger Delta sediments: Implications for authigenic carbonate genesis in cold seep environments. Marine Geology 241(1-4), 93-109, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.03.007]. We show that the approach developed by Bayon et al. (2007) for sediments of cold seeps of the Niger Delta is also suitable to identify the mineralogy of authigenic carbonates in pockmark sediments of the Congo Deep-Sea Fan. We expand this approach by combining interstitial with solid phase Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios, which demonstrate that high Mg-calcite is the predominant authigenic carbonate that currently forms at the sulfate/methane reaction zone (SMRZ). This is the first study which investigates both solid phase and pore water signatures typical for either aragonite or high Mg-calcite precipitation for the same sediment cores and thus is able to identify active and fossil carbonate precipitation events. At all investigated pockmark sites fossil horizons of the SMRZ were deduced from high Mg-calcite located above and below the current depths of the SMRZ. Additionally, aragonite enrichments typical for high seepage rates were detected close to the sediment surface at these sites. However, active precipitation of aragonite as indicated by pore water characteristics only occurs at the Black Hole site. Dissolved and solid phase Ba concentrations were used to estimate the time the SMRZ was fixed at the current depths of the diagenetic barite fronts. The combined pore water and solid phase elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) and Ba concentrations allow the reconstruction of past changes in methane seepage at the investigated pockmark sites. At the Hydrate Hole and Worm Hole sites the time of high methane seepage was estimated to have ceased at least 600 yr BP. In contrast, a more recent change from a high flux to a more dormant stage must have occurred at the Black Hole site as evidenced by active aragonite precipitation at the sediment surface and a lack of diagenetic Ba enrichments.

Ba distribution in surface sediments of the Southern Ocean

We present excess Ba (Baxs) data (i.e., total Ba corrected for lithogenic Ba) for surface sediments from a north-south transect between the Polar Front Zone and the northern Weddell Gyre in the Atlantic sector and between the Polar Front Zone and the Antarctic continent in the Indian sector. Focus is on two different processes that affect excess Ba accumulation in the sediments: sediment redistribution and excess Ba dissolution. The effect of these processes needs to be corrected for in order to convert accumulation rate into vertical rain rate, the flux component that can be linked to export production. In the Southern Ocean a major process affecting Ba accumulation rate is sediment focusing, which is corrected for using excess 230Th. This correction, however, may not always be straightforward because of boundary scavenging effects. A further major process affecting excess Ba accumulation is barite dissolution during exposure at the sediment-water column interface. Export production estimates derived from excess 230Th and barite dissolution corrected Baxs accumulation rates (i.e., excess Ba vertical rain rates) are of the same magnitude but generally larger than export production estimates based on water column proxies (234Th-deficit in the upper water column; particulate excess Ba enrichment in the mesopelagic water column). We believe export production values based on excess Ba vertical rain rate might be overestimated due to inaccurate assessment of the Baxs preservation rate. Barite dissolution has, in general, been taken into account by relating it to exposure time before burial depending on the rate of sediment accumulation. However, the observed decrease of excess Ba content with increasing water column depth (or increasing hydrostatic pressure) illustrates the dependence of barite preservation on degree of saturation in the deep water column in accordance with available thermodynamic data. Therefore correction for barite dissolution would not be appropriate by considering only exposure time of the barite to some uniformly undersaturated deep water but requires also that regional differences in degree of undersatuation be taken into account.

Melquisedec, sacerdote de el elyon Uma exegese de G��nesis 14,18-20

Neste estudo, que tem por base G��nesis 14,18-20, se discute a respeito de Melquisedec, o rei de Sal��m e seu deus el elyon , de quem �� sacerdote (v.18). O texto �� p��s-ex��lico, sendo uma inser����o ao cap��tulo 14, e reflete a hist��ria de Jud�� no per��odo de sua restaura����o (s��culos 6�� a 4�� a.C.), numa ��poca em que o sacerd��cio de Jerusal��m assumiu gradativamente um poder sem precedentes em sua hist��ria, de maneira que o sumo-sacerdote acabou por se tornar uma autoridade civil. Melquisedec, que recebe o d��zimo de Abr��o, �� uma imagem que evoca o poder do culto hierosolimitano na sociedade juda��ta e seu alegado direito aos d��zimos e ofertas oriundos do povo. Mas Melquisedec, usado num texto tardio, pertence a tradi����es anteriores ao ex��lio de Jud��, segundo as quais o rei tamb��m desempenhava papel sacerdotal, como chefe religioso e intendente de Iahweh (Salmo 110). Essa dupla fun����o foi um meio de legitimar as estruturas de poder caracterizadas por uma organiza����o s��ciopol��tico- econ��mica que, em aspectos gerais, se ajusta ao conceito de modo de produ����o tribut��rio. Assim, todo um discurso constru��do sobre a pessoa do rei e sobre outros aspectos ideol��gicos, tais quais a teologia de Si��o (Sal��m), serviam de suporte para a manuten����o do status quo. E em tal discurso coube o uso do universo simb��lico da religi��o. Neste estudo, aventa-se a hip��tese de que el elyon seja um nome composto, no qual subjazem el, que corresponde ao deus supremo do pante��o cananeu (o ugar��tico ilu), que tem como um de seus atributos o fato de haver gerado c��us e terra (o que situa a tradi����o em concep����es cosmog��nicas m��dio-orientais arcaicas); e elyon, o qual parece esconder as caracter��sticas de outro deus, Ba al (Salmo 18, 7-17). Nota-se dessa maneira que o nome do deus de Melquisedec �� a combina����o sincr��tica de caracter��sticas de duas grandes divindades do pante��o cananeu

Melquisedec, sacerdote de el elyon Uma exegese de G��nesis 14,18-20

Neste estudo, que tem por base G��nesis 14,18-20, se discute a respeito de Melquisedec, o rei de Sal��m e seu deus el elyon , de quem �� sacerdote (v.18). O texto �� p��s-ex��lico, sendo uma inser����o ao cap��tulo 14, e reflete a hist��ria de Jud�� no per��odo de sua restaura����o (s��culos 6�� a 4�� a.C.), numa ��poca em que o sacerd��cio de Jerusal��m assumiu gradativamente um poder sem precedentes em sua hist��ria, de maneira que o sumo-sacerdote acabou por se tornar uma autoridade civil. Melquisedec, que recebe o d��zimo de Abr��o, �� uma imagem que evoca o poder do culto hierosolimitano na sociedade juda��ta e seu alegado direito aos d��zimos e ofertas oriundos do povo. Mas Melquisedec, usado num texto tardio, pertence a tradi����es anteriores ao ex��lio de Jud��, segundo as quais o rei tamb��m desempenhava papel sacerdotal, como chefe religioso e intendente de Iahweh (Salmo 110). Essa dupla fun����o foi um meio de legitimar as estruturas de poder caracterizadas por uma organiza����o s��ciopol��tico- econ��mica que, em aspectos gerais, se ajusta ao conceito de modo de produ����o tribut��rio. Assim, todo um discurso constru��do sobre a pessoa do rei e sobre outros aspectos ideol��gicos, tais quais a teologia de Si��o (Sal��m), serviam de suporte para a manuten����o do status quo. E em tal discurso coube o uso do universo simb��lico da religi��o. Neste estudo, aventa-se a hip��tese de que el elyon seja um nome composto, no qual subjazem el, que corresponde ao deus supremo do pante��o cananeu (o ugar��tico ilu), que tem como um de seus atributos o fato de haver gerado c��us e terra (o que situa a tradi����o em concep����es cosmog��nicas m��dio-orientais arcaicas); e elyon, o qual parece esconder as caracter��sticas de outro deus, Ba al (Salmo 18, 7-17). Nota-se dessa maneira que o nome do deus de Melquisedec �� a combina����o sincr��tica de caracter��sticas de duas grandes divindades do pante��o cananeu

Kit��b Umn��yat al-alma���� wa-man��yat al-mudda����: wa-huwa shar��� al-Maq��mah al-���u���ayb��yah lil-mu��allif nafsih

ta���n��f Rash��d al-D��n Ab�� al-���usayn A���mad ibn ��Al�� ibn al-Zubayr al-Asw��n��.

Majm����ah: 1. al-Q������� ma��a al-manh��y��t, 2. al-�����shiyah li-Mawl��n�� Mu���ammad Y��suf, 3. al-�����shiyah li-Mawl��n�� �����fi��� Darr��z, 4. al-Sullam ma��a al-Tanb��h��t

Lithographed.

Naf���at al-Yaman fi-m�� yaz��lu bi-dhikrat al-shajan /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ohel Yits���a��� : ��al dine she���i���ot u-vedi���ot.

Mode of access: Internet.

al-Musnad [microform] /

Followed by al-Mujannad f�� a���w��l al-Musnad, by Mu���ammad ��Al�� Akram al-��raw�� and Ri���lat al-Im��m al-Sh��fi����, by al-Suy�������.

al-Ni���f al-awwal[-al-��khir] min Z��d al-ma����d f�� hady khayr al-��ib��d [microform] /

Microfilm.

[Tafsi��r al-Qur��a��n]

Mode of access: Internet.

Melquisedec, sacerdote de el elyon Uma exegese de G��nesis 14,18-20

Neste estudo, que tem por base G��nesis 14,18-20, se discute a respeito de Melquisedec, o rei de Sal��m e seu deus el elyon , de quem �� sacerdote (v.18). O texto �� p��s-ex��lico, sendo uma inser����o ao cap��tulo 14, e reflete a hist��ria de Jud�� no per��odo de sua restaura����o (s��culos 6�� a 4�� a.C.), numa ��poca em que o sacerd��cio de Jerusal��m assumiu gradativamente um poder sem precedentes em sua hist��ria, de maneira que o sumo-sacerdote acabou por se tornar uma autoridade civil. Melquisedec, que recebe o d��zimo de Abr��o, �� uma imagem que evoca o poder do culto hierosolimitano na sociedade juda��ta e seu alegado direito aos d��zimos e ofertas oriundos do povo. Mas Melquisedec, usado num texto tardio, pertence a tradi����es anteriores ao ex��lio de Jud��, segundo as quais o rei tamb��m desempenhava papel sacerdotal, como chefe religioso e intendente de Iahweh (Salmo 110). Essa dupla fun����o foi um meio de legitimar as estruturas de poder caracterizadas por uma organiza����o s��ciopol��tico- econ��mica que, em aspectos gerais, se ajusta ao conceito de modo de produ����o tribut��rio. Assim, todo um discurso constru��do sobre a pessoa do rei e sobre outros aspectos ideol��gicos, tais quais a teologia de Si��o (Sal��m), serviam de suporte para a manuten����o do status quo. E em tal discurso coube o uso do universo simb��lico da religi��o. Neste estudo, aventa-se a hip��tese de que el elyon seja um nome composto, no qual subjazem el, que corresponde ao deus supremo do pante��o cananeu (o ugar��tico ilu), que tem como um de seus atributos o fato de haver gerado c��us e terra (o que situa a tradi����o em concep����es cosmog��nicas m��dio-orientais arcaicas); e elyon, o qual parece esconder as caracter��sticas de outro deus, Ba al (Salmo 18, 7-17). Nota-se dessa maneira que o nome do deus de Melquisedec �� a combina����o sincr��tica de caracter��sticas de duas grandes divindades do pante��o cananeu

Gest??o empreendedora na DAMF/PB

Apesar dos esfor??os para atingir a excel??ncia dos seus servi??os, a Delegacia de Administra????o do Minist??rio da Fazenda na Para??ba vinha se ressentindo de uma s??rie de problemas: aus??ncia de recursos p??blicos para sua moderniza????o, que resultava em condi????es inadequadas de trabalho para o N??cleo de Inform??tica, com falta de capacita????o local dos servidores e inexist??ncia de rede corporativa de comunica????o de dados. A solu????o foi encontrada no estabelecimento de um sistema de parcerias cont??nuo com outros ??rg??os p??blicos: Serpro, Delegacia de Receita Federal, PFN e Sunab, a partir das quais se estabeleceu o uso compartilhado dos recursos p??blicos. Com a utiliza????o compartilhada de recursos e a economia de custos, e integrando os ??rg??os fazend??rios da Para??ba, al??m de outros ??rg??os p??blicos, obteve-se a capacita????o e atualiza????o t??cnica de servidores e a implanta????o de infra-estrutura l??gica e el??trica para a interliga????o dos computadores em rede local e de longa dist??ncia. Com isso, tornou-se poss??vel acompanhar as demandas dos clientes atrav??s de agenda di??ria e mensal, atend??-los conclusivamente e aferir periodicamente a sua satisfa????o quanto aos servi??os prestados. A partir das parcerias foram compostas comiss??es mistas para licita????es, elabora????o de projetos, companhamento e fiscaliza????o de servi??os especializados na ??rea de inform??tica

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Hospitals are considered as a special and important type of indoor public place where air quality has significant impacts on potential health outcomes. Information on indoor air quality of these environments, concerning exposures to particulate matter (PM) and related toxicity, is limited though. This work aims to evaluate risks associated with inhalation exposure to ten toxic metals and chlorine (As, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se, Ba, Al, Si, and Cl) in coarse (PM2.5���10) and fine (PM2.5) particles in a Portuguese hospital in comparison with studies representative of other countries. Samples were collected during 1 month in one urban hospital; elemental PM characterization was determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were assessed according to the methodology provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA; Region III Risk-Based Concentration Table) for three different age categories of hospital personnel (adults, >20, and <65 years) and patients (considering nine different age groups, i.e., children of 1���3 years to seniors of >65 years). The estimated noncarcinogenic risks due to occupational inhalation exposure to PM2.5-bound metals ranged from 5.88��10���6 for Se (adults, 55���64 years) to 9.35��10���1 for As (adults, 20���24 years) with total noncarcinogenic risks (sum of all metals) above the safe level for all three age categories. As and Cl (the latter due to its high abundances) were the most important contributors (approximately 90 %) to noncarcinogenic risks. For PM2.5���10, noncarcinogenic risks of all metals were acceptable to all age groups. Concerning carcinogenic risks, for Ni and Pb, they were negligible (<1��10���6) in both PM fractions for all age groups of hospital personnel; potential risks were observed for As and Cr with values in PM2.5 exceeding (up to 62 and 5 times, respectively) USEPA guideline across all age groups; for PM2.5���10, increased excess risks of As and Cr were observed particularly for long-term exposures (adults, 55���64 years). Total carcinogenic risks highly (up to 67 times) exceeded the recommended level for all age groups, thus clearly showing that occupational exposure to metals in fine particles pose significant risks. If the extensive working hours of hospital medical staff were considered, the respective noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were increased, the latter for PM2.5 exceeding the USEPA cumulative guideline of 10���4. For adult patients, the estimated noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were approximately three times higher than for personnel, with particular concerns observed for children and adolescents.

Stable isotope and trace element stratigraphy across the Permian-Triassic transition: A redefinition of the boundary in the Velebit Mountain, Croatia

Stable isotopes of carbonates (delta(13)C(carb), delta(18)O(carb)), organic matter (delta(13)C(org), delta(15)N(org)) and major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions of marine carbonate rocks of Late Permian to Early Triassic age were used to establish the position of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) at two continuous sections in the Velebit Mountain, Croatia. The chosen sections - Rizvanusa and Brezimenjaca - are composed of two lithostratigraphic units, the Upper Permian Transitional Dolomite and the overlying Sandy Dolomite. The contact between these units, characterized by the erosional features and sudden occurrence of ooids and siliciclastic grains, was previously considered as the chronostratigraphic PTB. The Sandy Dolomite is characterized by high content of non-carbonate material (up to similar to 30 wt.% insoluble residue), originated from erosion of the uplifted hinterland. A relatively rich assemblage of Permian fossils (including Geinitzina, Globivalvulina, Hemigordius, bioclasts of gastropods, ostracods and brachiopods) was found for the first time in Sandy Dolomite, 5 m above the lithologic boundary in the Rizvanusa section. A rather abrupt negative delta(13)C(carb) excursion in both sections appears in rocks showing no recognizable facies change within the Sandy Dolomite, -2 parts per thousand at Rizvanusa and -1.2 parts per thousand at Brezimenjaca, 11 m and 0.2 m above the lithologic contact, respectively. This level within the lower part of the Sandy Dolomite is proposed as the chemostratigraphic PTB. In the Rizvanusa section, the delta(13)C(org) values decline gradually from similar to-25 parts per thousand in the Upper Permian to similar to-29 parts per thousand in the Lower Triassic. The first negative delta(13)C(org) excursion occurs above the lithologic contact, within the uppermost Permian deposits, and appears to be related to the input of terrigenous material. The release of isotopically light microbial soil-biomass into the shallow-marine water may explain this sudden decrease of delta(13)C(org) values below the PTB. This would support the hypothesis that in the western Tethyan realm the land extinction, triggering a sudden drop of woody vegetation and related land erosion, preceded the marine extinction. The relatively low delta(15)N(org) values at the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) transition level, close to approximate to 0 parts per thousand, and a secondary negative delta(13)C(org) excursion of -0.5 parts per thousand point to significant terrestrial input and primary contribution of cyanobacteria. The profiles of the concentrations of redox-sensitive elements (Ce, Mn, Fe, V), biogenic or biogenic-scavenged elements (P, Ba, Zn, V), Ce/Ce* values, and normalized trace elements, including Ba/Al, Ba/Fe, Ti/Al, Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) and Mn/Ti show clear excursions at the Transitional Dolomite-Sandy Dolomite lithologic boundary and the chemostratigraphic P-Tr boundary. The stratigraphic variations indicate a major regression phase marking the lithologic boundary, transgressive phases in the latest Permian and a gradual change into shallow/stagnant anoxic marine environment towards the P-Tr boundary level and during the earliest Triassic. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.