Characterization of a Negative cis-Acting DNA Element Regulating the Transcription of CYP2B1/B2 Gene in Rat Liver

The region -160 to -127 nt of the upstream of CYP-2B1/B2 gene has been found to function as a negative cis-acting element on the basis of DNase-I footprint and gel mobility shift assays as well as cell-free transcriptional assays using Bal-31 mutants. A reciprocal relationship in the interaction of the negative and the recently characterized positive elements with their respective protein factors has been found under repressed and induced conditions of the gene. The negative element also harbors the core glucocorticoid responsive sequence, TGTCCT. It is concluded that the negative element mediates the repressed state of the gene under the uninduced condition and also mediates the repressive effect of dexamethasone, when given along with the inducer phenobarbitone in rats. Dexamethasone is able to antagonize the effects of phenobarbitone at as low a concentration as 100 mu g/kg body wt in these animals. (C) 1995 Academic Press,Inc.

Phenobarbitone-mediated translocation of the cytosolic proteins interacting with the 5 '-proximal region of rat liver CYP2B1/B2 gene into the nucleus

The positive element (PE) (-69 to -98 bp) within the 5'-proximal region of the CYP2B1B2 gene (+1 to -179 bp) of rat liver is essential for phenobarbitone (PB) response and gives a single major complex with the rat liver cytosol in gel shift analysis. This complex corresponds to complex I (top) of the three complexes given by the nuclear extracts. PB treatment of rats leads to a decrease in complex I formation with the cytosol and PE and an increase in the same with the nuclear extract in gel shift analysis. Both the changes are counteracted by simultaneous okadaic acid administration. The nuclear protein giving rise to complex I has been isolated and has an M-r of 26 kDa. The cytosolic counterpart consists of two species, 26 and 28 kDa, as revealed by Southwestern blot analysis using labeled PE. It is concluded that PB treatment leads to the translocation accompanied by processing of the cytosolic protein species into the nucleus that requires protein dephosphorylation. It is suggested that PB may exert a global regulation on the transcription of many genes by modulating the phosphorylation status of different protein factors involved in transcriptional regulation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

Monotonic and low cycle fatigue behavior of an O+B2 alloy at high temperatures

Low cycle fatigue behavior of an O+B2 alloy was evaluated at 650 degrees C in ambient atmosphere under fully reversed total axial strain controlled mode. Three different microstructures, namely equiaxed O plus aged B2 (fine O plates in B2 matrix), lenticular O laths plus aged B2 and a pancake composite microstructure comprising equiaxed alpha 2, lenticular O and aged B2, were selected to study the effect of microstructure on low cycle fatigue behavior in this class of alloys. Distinct well-defined trends were observed in the cyclic stress-strain response curves depending on the microstructure. The cyclic stress response was examined in terms of softening or hardening and correlated with microstructural features and dislocation behavior. Fatigue life was analyzed in terms of standard Coffin-Manson and Basquin plots and for all microstructures a prevailing elastic strain regime was identified, with a single slope for microstructures equiaxed and composite and a double slope for lenticular O laths. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

B2 肾上腺素受体多肽16 位基因型与夜间哮喘表现型的关系

目的　探讨B2 肾上腺素受体(B2AR) 16、27 位基因多态性与夜间哮喘表现型的关系。方法　以最大呼 气流速(PEFR ) 为标准, 将49 例哮喘患者分为夜间哮喘组(25 例) 和非夜间哮喘组(24 例)。用PCR 产物直接测序确 定B2AR 16、27 位基因型分布, 以及分析两个位点各种基因型与两组病例PEFR、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV 1) 以及用药 情况之间的关系。结果　以PEFR 为标准, 夜间哮喘组PEFR 在夜间平均下降33. 6% , 非夜间哮喘组下降7. 0% , 二 者差异显著(P < 0. 001)。夜间哮喘组和非夜间哮喘组(白天) 基础FEV 1 分别为73. 7 % 和85. 8 % , 也具有显著性差 异(P < 0. 001)。Gly16 的等位基因频率在夜间哮喘组56. 0% 明显较非夜间哮喘组22. 9% 高(P < 0. 05) , Gly16 集中 分布于夜间哮喘组。27 位点的多态性在两组间无显著性差异。结论　B2AR Gly16 基因型与夜间哮喘可能有关系。

Heat capacities of Al62.5Cu25Fe12.5 quasicrystals and B2 related crystals

The heat capacities of two Al62.5Cu25Fe12.5 samples containing icosahedral quasicrystals and B2 related crystals respectively were measured with a high-precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range of 75-385 K. The heat capacities of both samples increase with temperature. At the low temperature range, the heat capacity of the quasicrystalline sample is higher than that of the B2 approximate. However, the heat capacity of the B2 sample becomes higher above 254.987 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Rol de los fitocromo B1 Y B2 en los rasgos arquitecturales y en la habilidad competitiva de las plantas de maíz (Zea mays l) ante cambios en la densidad de siembra

Las plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) perciben la presencia de individuos a través de cambios en la calidad de luz del ambiente (cambios del R/RL) en el que crecen y desencadenan respuestas foto-morfogénicas a fin de reducir el sombreo mutuo. Los fitocromos B1 y B2 estarían involucrados en estas respuestas. Por otro lado los sistemas de producción del cultivo de maíz en alta densidad de siembra promueven desde etapas tempranas cambios en el crecimiento de las plantas (i.e. distinta habilidad competitiva de los individuos), que podrían estar relacionados con su mayor o menor reactividad en percibir vecinos. Se realizaron dos experimentos a campo con una línea de maíz con fitocromos activos (WT) y sus iso-líneas con mutaciones en los fitocromos B1 y B2, en dos densidades de siembra (9 y 30pl m-2, i.e. variación en R/RL). Los objetivos fueron evaluar i) los determinantes del crecimiento de las plantas y del cultivo, ii) el rol de los fitocromos B en las variables medidas, iii) la variabilidad poblacional del crecimiento y iv) la habilidad competitiva de cada línea en poli-culturas (WT/phyB1, WT/phyB2, phyB1/phyB2 y WT/phyB1/phyB2). La línea phyB1 presentó menor altura y diámetro de tallos, menor área foliar y distribución aleatoria de hojas que la WT. La línea phyB2 sólo presentó menor área foliar. El crecimiento de los cultivos, la producción de biomasa y el rendimiento de grano, sin embargo, se vió afectado por ambas mutaciones de fitocromo B, con una penalidad mayor en phyB1 y con un mayor rendimiento de phyB2 en alta densidad de siembra por una mayor fertilidad de las espigas. Por último, ambas mutaciones redujeron la variabilidad poblacional del cultivo y confirieron a las plantas una menor habilidad competitiva en poli-culturas aunque esto no representó una penalidad en el rendimiento del lote por una mayor fijación de granos en la WT.

Kinestatin: a novel bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist peptide from the skin secretion of the Chinese toad, Bombina maxima

We have isolated a novel bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist peptide, kinestatin, from toad (Bombina maxima) defensive skin secretion. Mass spectroscopy established a molecular mass of 931.56 Da and a provisional structure: pGlu-Leu/Ile-Pro-Gly-Leu/Ile-Gly-Pro-Leu/Ile-Arg.amide. The unmodified sequence, -QIPGLGPLRG-, was located at the C-terminus of a 116-amino-acid residue open-reading frame following interrogation of a sequenced B. maxima skin cDNA library database. This confirmed the presence of appropriate primary structural attributes for the observed post-translational modifications present on the mature peptide and established residue 2 as Ile and residues 5/8 as Leu. Kinestatin represents a prototype novel peptide from amphibian skin.

Helokinestatin: a new bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist decapeptide from lizard venom.

Synthetic bradykinin antagonist peptides/peptoids have been powerful tools for delineating the roles of kinins in both normal physiology and in pathological states. Here, we report the identification of a novel, naturally occurring bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist peptide, helokinestatin, isolated and structurally characterized from the venoms of helodermatid lizards—the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) and the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum). The primary structure of the peptide was established by a combination of microsequencing and mass spectroscopy as Gly-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg (Mr 1122.62). A synthetic replicate of helokinestatin was found to inhibit bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation of phenylephrine pre-constricted rat tail artery smooth muscle, mediated by the B2 receptor sub-type, in a dose-dependent manner. Natural selection, that generates functional optimization of predatory reptile venom peptides, can potentially provide new insights for drug lead design or for normal physiological or pathophysiological processes.

A three-position spectral line survey of sagittarius B2 between 218 and 263 GHz. II. Data analysis

We present an analysis of the data from our Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope molecular line survey in the 1.3 mm band of the N, M, and NW positions in the Sgr B2 molecular cloud. The line emissions from 42 molecular species, and some of their isotopomers, were analyzed assuming a single temperature and a homogeneous source. In cases where a source size much smaller than the antenna beam (23