Hand receipt manual covering End Item/Components of End Item (COEI), Basic Issue Items (B11 [sic]), and Additional Authorization List (AAL) for interrogator sets AN/TPX-46(V)1 (NSN 5895-00-423-1693), AN/TPX-46(V)2 (NSN 5895-00-423-1694) ... and AN/TPX-46(V)6 (NSN 5895-00-423-1702).

"October 1979."

Comparison between analytical and 3D finite element solutions for borehole stresses in anisotropic elastic rock

We present a rigorous validation of the analytical Amadei solution for the stress concentration around an arbitrarily orientated borehole in general anisotropic elastic media. First, we revisit the theoretical framework of the Amadei solution and present analytical insights that show that the solution does indeed contain all special cases of symmetry, contrary to previous understanding, provided that the reduced strain coefficients b11 and b55 are not equal. It is shown from theoretical considerations and published experimental data that the b11 and b55 are not equal for realistic rocks. Second, we develop a 3D finite element elastic model within a hybrid analytical–numerical workflow that circumvents the need to rebuild and remesh the model for every borehole and material orientation. Third, we show that the borehole stresses computed from the numerical model and the analytical solution match almost perfectly for different borehole orientations (vertical, deviated and horizontal) and for several cases involving isotropic, transverse isotropic and orthorhombic symmetries. It is concluded that the analytical Amadei solution is valid with no restriction on the borehole orientation or the symmetry of the elastic anisotropy.

油菜素内酯信号转导相关基因的克隆、鉴定和功能分析

油菜素甾醇类(Brassinosteroids，BRs)是一类新的植物内源激素，在植物整个生长发育周期中发挥着很重要的作用。拟南芥中BR信号转导途径基本清晰，从膜受体BRI1到细胞质中的负调控因子BIN2，再到核内的转录因子BZR1和BES1。但是从BR信号感知到细胞质内的传递，再到细胞核内的调控特异基因的表达都还有很多问题有待于进一步的探索。 本研究运用激活标签pDSK15-11对大约5000株拟南芥bzr1-1D进行了转化, 得到抗性植株约50000株，构建了一个拟南芥激活标签突变体库，从中筛选到和BR相关的突变体七个，并对其中的B26和B16突变体进行了详细的分析。此外还筛选到若干个和BR没有关系的突变体，并对其中的一个表皮毛缺陷的突变体B11进行了分析。 B26是一株恢复了bzr1-1D茎叶处打弯表型的突变体，并且具有矮化、叶色深绿、晚花等特点。B26部分抑制了bzr1-1D对BR合成抑制剂BRZ的不敏感性，但仍然对BR超敏感。BR上调的基因SAUR-AC1在bzr1-1D中表达上升，而在B26突变体中SAUR-AC1的表达量比bzr1-1D中有所下降。B26突变体显示的表型是依赖于bzr1-1D突变的。我们通过T-DNA侧翼序列，RT-PCR，以及重现实验证实造成突变表型的基因，并命名为BZS1。BZS1编码一个B类锌指蛋白，在植物发育的各个时期各个器官中都有表达。亚细胞定位分析显示BZS1定位于细胞质和细胞核中，以上这些结果说明BZS1可能在BR信号途径中是位于BZR1的下游，作为一个负的调节因子调控下游BR反应基因的表达。 B16是从突变体库中筛选得到的一个叶柄明显增长，营养生长期延长，开花晚，结实率比较低的突变体。T-DNA侧翼序列和基因表达分析显示B16突变体中T-DNA插入点附近的一个基因表达量升高，这一基因被命名为BZE1。BZE1编码一个含有bHLH结构域的蛋白。BZE1 RNAi转基因植株的叶柄比对照明显变短，说明BZE1调控叶柄的伸长。在B16突变体中，CPD和DWF4的表达较bzr1-1D中增强了，而SAUR-AC1的表达减弱了，这一结果说明BZE1过表达减弱了BZR1对CPD的反馈抑制。Pro35S:BZE1 /bzr1-1D转基因植株对BRZ的敏感度与bzr1-1D相似。BR不调节BZE1的转录水平，却可以促进BZE1蛋白在核内积累。这些结果都说明BR处理不改变BZE1的转录水平，只是通过促进BZE1在核内的积累增加，从而参与调控下游基因的表达，如CPD。随着这些突变体研究的进一步深入，将有助于我们更好的理解BR信号转导途径。 B11是一个叶片（包括莲座叶和茎生叶）和茎表皮毛缺失，但根毛发育正常的突变体，T-DNA侧翼序列和基因表达分析显示B11突变体表型是由于ETL1的过量表达造成的。ETL1可能是一个表皮毛特异表达的基因，对根毛的发育影响不大。功能缺失突变体etl1-1和野生型拟南芥具有相似的表皮毛数量和分布，根毛的数量和分布也没有明显的变化，这就说明ETL1可能与其他同源基因功能冗余。ETL1在gl1中表达量增加，由此推测ETL1在表皮毛的发育中可能起负调控的作用。

A Novel Biodegradable and Light-Breakable Diblock Copolymer Micelle for Drug Delivery

A facile approach to the preparation of light-responsive copolymer micelles is developed. This approach is based on the attachment of hydrophobic groups to one block of a diblock copolymer via a light-sensitive linkage. The micelles can be dissociated under light irradiation and release the encapsulated pyrene. The obtained polymeric micelles are expected to be of use as drug-delivery vehicles.

Ability of bacteriophages isolated from different sources to reduce Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in vitro and in vivo

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-lysing bacteriophages isolated from poultry or human sewage sources were used to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro and in experimentally infected chicks. Cocktails of 4 different bacteriophages obtained from commercial broiler houses (CB4O) and 45 bacteriophages from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WT45O) were evaluated. In experiment 1, an in vitro crop assay was conducted with selected bacteriophage concentrations (105 to 101 pfu/mL) to determine ability to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis in the simulated crop environment. Following 2 h at 37 degrees C, CB40 or WT45O reduced Salmonella Enteritidis recovery by 1.5 or 5 log, respectively, as compared with control. However, CB40 did not affect total SE recovery after 6 h, whereas WT45O resulted in up to a 6-log reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis. In experiment 2, day-of-hatch chicks were challenged orally with 3 x 103 cfu /chick Salmonella Enteritidis and treated cloacally with 1 X 109 WT45O pfu/chick I h postchallenge. One hour later, chicks were treated or not with a commercially available probiotic (Floramax-B11). Both treatments significantly reduced Salmonella Enteritidis recovery from cecal tonsils at 24 h following vent lip application as compared with controls, but no additive effect was observed with the combination of bacteriophages and probiotic. In experiment 3, day-of-hatch chicks were challenged orally with 9 x 103 cfu/chick Salmonella Enteritidis and treated via oral gavage with I X 108 CB40 pfu/chick, 1.2 x 108 WT45O pfu/chick, or a combination of both, I h postchallenge. All treatments significantly reduced Salmonella Enteritidis recovered from cecal tonsils at 24 h as compared with untreated controls, but no significant differences were observed at 48 h following treatment. These data suggest that some bacteriophages can be efficacious in reducing SE colonization in poultry during a short period, but with the bacteriophages and methods presently tested, persistent reductions were not observed.

Measuring and analyzing color and texture information in anatomical leaf cross sections: An approach using computer vision to aid plant species identification

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) em genes relacionados a absorção e translocação de Boro em Eucalyptus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito antimicrobiano e modulador da resposta imune dos peptídeos hBD-3 e LL-37 e dos polifenóis o chá verde e do cranberry

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

The effect of a Lactobacillus-based probiotic for the control of necrotic enteritis in broilers

Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in poultry is probably the most important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. The disease is multi-factorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. The present study investigated the effect of a commercially available Lactobacillus-based probiotic (FM-B11) for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, one-day-of-hatch broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the following treatment groups: 1) Non-challenged (NC); 2) Challenged (C); 3) Challenged + probiotic (C+ FM-B11). Prior to placement, chicks in groups 2 and 3 received 0.25 mL of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) containing 105 cfu of viable cells by oral gavage. At 14, 15 and 16 days of age, all chicks in group 3 were treated with FM-B11 in the drinking water at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. At 21d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima by oral gavage. At 26d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 108 cfu CP; body weight (BW) was recorded prior to challenge. The experiment was terminated at 29 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated: NE-associated mortality, CP lesion scores, CP concentrations in ileum, BW, and body weight gain (BWG). Chicks treated with FM-B11 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain after challenge when compared to control challenge chickens. Total mortality was higher in the C group (48.8%) when compared to the C + FM-B11 (12.7%). Even though there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in lesion score between C and C + FM-B11, group C + FM-B11 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower total number of cfu of CP recovered from the ileal mucosa and content samples when compared to group C. Experiment 2 was a unique and remarkable case report of a field outbreak of NE in a commercial broiler farm in Argentina. A reduction and control of the mortality associated with NE following 3 days of administration of FM-B11 was observed as compared with the control non treated house. These results imply that the commercially available Lactobacillus-based probiotic FM-B11 was able to reduce the severities of NE, as a secondary bacterial infection, in an experimental NE challenge model; as well as, in a commercial field outbreak of NE.

Coccoliths in phytoplankton of the Eastern Bering Sea in August 2001

Based on results of field observations in August 1998, July 2000, and August 2001 composition and quantitative distribution of coccolithophorids in the middle part of the Eastern Bering Sea shelf between 56°052'N and 59°019'N was characterized. Emiliania huxleyi abundance, biomass, and population structure as well as role of species in the coccolithophorid community and phytoplankton as a whole were evaluated. Abundance of the species in the upper mixed layer in bloom areas was 1-3 mln cells/l and biomass made up 30-75 mg C/m**3. E. huxleyi share in total phytoplankton numbers and biomass at that reached 98% and 84% respectively. Significant spatial heterogeneity of E. huxleyi, quantitative distribution and population size structure, as well as asynchronism in population development in neighboring parts of the bloom area were shown. The time period, during which population structure in certain part of the area shifts from domination of juvenile cells without coccoliths to a phase of active detritus formation with dying coccolithophorid cells involved, may be estimated as two weeks. A conclusion is made that after anomalous E. huxleyi bloom in 1997 mass development of coccolithophorids became a characteristic feature of phytoplankton community's seasonal succession in the middle part of the Eastern Bering Sea shelf.

Accumulation, velocities, fluxes and mass balance of glacial tributaries to the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, Antarctica

By incorporating recently available remote sensing data, we investigated the mass balance for all individual tributary glacial basins of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica. On the basis of the ice flow information derived from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry, we have determined the spatial configuration of eight tributary drainage basins of the Lambert-Amery glacial system. By combining the coherence information from SAR interferometry and the texture information from SAR and MODIS images, we have interpreted and refined the grounding line position. We calculated ice volume flux of each tributary glacial basin based on the ice velocity field derived from Radarsat three-pass interferometry together with ice thickness data interpolated from Australian and Russian airborne radio echo sounding (RES) surveys and inferred from ICESat laser altimetry data. Our analysis reveals that three tributary basins have a significant net positive imbalance, while five other subbasins are slightly positive or close to zero balance. Overall, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the grounded ice in Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system has a positive mass imbalance of 22.9 ± 4.4 Gt/a. The net basal melting for the entire Amery Ice Shelf is estimated to be 27.0 ± 7.0 Gt/a. The melting rate decreases rapidly from the grounding zone to the ice shelf front. Significant basal refreezing is detected in the downstream section of the ice shelf. The mass balance estimates for both the grounded ice sheet and the ice shelf mass differ substantially from other recent estimates.