Discovery of a lipid synthesising organ in the auditory system of an insect

Weta possess typical Ensifera ears. Each ear comprises three functional parts: two equally sized tympanal membranes, an underlying system of modified tracheal chambers, and the auditory sensory organ, the crista acustica. This organ sits within an enclosed fluid-filled channel-previously presumed to be hemolymph. The role this channel plays in insect hearing is unknown. We discovered that the fluid within the channel is not actually hemolymph, but a medium composed principally of lipid from a new class. Three-dimensional imaging of this lipid channel revealed a previously undescribed tissue structure within the channel, which we refer to as the olivarius organ. Investigations into the function of the olivarius reveal de novo lipid synthesis indicating that it is producing these lipids in situ from acetate. The auditory role of this lipid channel was investigated using Laser Doppler vibrometry of the tympanal membrane, which shows that the displacement of the membrane is significantly increased when the lipid is removed from the auditory system. Neural sensitivity of the system, however, decreased upon removal of the lipid-a surprising result considering that in a typical auditory system both the mechanical and auditory sensitivity are positively correlated. These two results coupled with 3D modelling of the auditory system lead us to hypothesize a model for weta audition, relying strongly on the presence of the lipid channel. This is the first instance of lipids being associated with an auditory system outside of the Odentocete cetaceans, demonstrating convergence for the use of lipids in hearing.

Cortical processing of musical pitch as reflected by behavioural and electrophysiological evidence

In a musical context, the pitch of sounds is encoded according to domain-general principles not confined to music or even to audition overall but common to other perceptual and cognitive processes (such as multiple pattern encoding and feature integration), and to domain-specific and culture-specific properties related to a particular musical system only (such as the pitch steps of the Western tonal system). The studies included in this thesis shed light on the processing stages during which pitch encoding occurs on the basis of both domain-general and music-specific properties, and elucidate the putative brain mechanisms underlying pitch-related music perception. Study I showed, in subjects without formal musical education, that the pitch and timbre of multiple sounds are integrated as unified object representations in sensory memory before attentional intervention. Similarly, multiple pattern pitches are simultaneously maintained in non-musicians' sensory memory (Study II). These findings demonstrate the degree of sophistication of pitch processing at the sensory memory stage, requiring neither attention nor any special expertise of the subjects. Furthermore, music- and culture-specific properties, such as the pitch steps of the equal-tempered musical scale, are automatically discriminated in sensory memory even by subjects without formal musical education (Studies III and IV). The cognitive processing of pitch according to culture-specific musical-scale schemata hence occurs as early as at the sensory-memory stage of pitch analysis. Exposure and cortical plasticity seem to be involved in musical pitch encoding. For instance, after only one hour of laboratory training, the neural representations of pitch in the auditory cortex are altered (Study V). However, faulty brain mechanisms for attentive processing of fine-grained pitch steps lead to inborn deficits in music perception and recognition such as those encountered in congenital amusia (Study VI). These findings suggest that predispositions for exact pitch-step discrimination together with long-term exposure to music govern the acquisition of the automatized schematic knowledge of the music of a particular culture that even non-musicians possess.

Human brain networks of auditory attention and working memory

This thesis examines brain networks involved in auditory attention and auditory working memory using measures of task performance, brain activity, and neuroanatomical connectivity. Auditory orienting and maintenance of attention were compared with visual orienting and maintenance of attention, and top-down controlled attention was compared to bottom-up triggered attention in audition. Moreover, the effects of cognitive load on performance and brain activity were studied using an auditory working memory task. Corbetta and Shulman s (2002) model of visual attention suggests that what is known as the dorsal attention system (intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule, IPS/SPL and frontal eye field, FEF) is involved in the control of top-down controlled attention, whereas what is known as the ventral attention system (temporo-parietal junction, TPJ and areas of the inferior/middle frontal gyrus, IFG/MFG) is involved in bottom-up triggered attention. The present results show that top-down controlled auditory attention also activates IPS/SPL and FEF. Furthermore, in audition, TPJ and IFG/MFG were activated not only by bottom-up triggered attention, but also by top-down controlled attention. In addition, the posterior cerebellum and thalamus were activated by top-down controlled attention shifts and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) was activated by to-be-ignored, but attention-catching salient changes in auditory input streams. VMPFC may be involved in the evaluation of environmental events causing the bottom-up triggered engagement of attention. Auditory working memory activated a brain network that largely overlapped with the one activated by top-down controlled attention. The present results also provide further evidence of the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing: During auditory working memory tasks, both activity in the posterior cerebellum (the crus I/II) and reaction speed increased when the cognitive load increased. Based on the present results and earlier theories on the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing, the function of the posterior cerebellum in cognitive tasks may be related to the optimization of response speed.

A generalized Stein's estimation approach to speech enhancement based on perceptual criteria

We address the problem of speech enhancement using a risk- estimation approach. In particular, we propose the use the Stein’s unbiased risk estimator (SURE) for solving the problem. The need for a suitable finite-sample risk estimator arises because the actual risks invariably depend on the unknown ground truth. We consider the popular mean-squared error (MSE) criterion first, and then compare it against the perceptually-motivated Itakura-Saito (IS) distortion, by deriving unbiased estimators of the corresponding risks. We use a generalized SURE (GSURE) development, recently proposed by Eldar for MSE. We consider dependent observation models from the exponential family with an additive noise model,and derive an unbiased estimator for the risk corresponding to the IS distortion, which is non-quadratic. This serves to address the speech enhancement problem in a more general setting. Experimental results illustrate that the IS metric is efficient in suppressing musical noise, which affects the MSE-enhanced speech. However, in terms of global signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the minimum MSE solution gives better results.

Assobios do boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, (Cetacea, Delphinidae) em três áreas de concentração na costa do Rio de Janeiro

A espécie Sotalia guianensis apresenta um variado repertório de assobios que estão ligados a interação social e a diferentes contextos de comportamento. As variações intraespecíficas nas estruturas dos assobios podem indicar diferenças entre populações dessa espécie. O presente estudo caracterizou e comparou o repertório dos assobios de Sotalia guianensis, em três baías do estado do Rio de Janeiro: Baía de Guanabara (BG), Baía de Sepetiba (BS) e Baía da Ilha Grande (BI), utilizando um sistema de gravação com limite superior de frequência de 48 kHz e através da aplicação das análises quantitativas e qualitativas dos parâmetros acústicos. As gravações dos assobios foram realizadas com embarcações de 5,5 e 7m e sistema de gravação composto por um hidrofone High Tech, modelo HTI-96-MIN, e um gravador digital modelo PMD 671 Marantz, com limite superior de frequência de 48 kHz. As análises dos espectrogramas foram realizadas com os softwares Adobe Audition 1.5 e Raven 1.3. Os assobios foram classificados em seis categorias de forma de contorno e 11 parâmetros acústicos foram medidos para cada assobio. Para comparar os parâmetros acústicos de mesma forma de contorno entre as três baías, foram aplicados a análise descritiva e testes estatísticos de comparação de média. Um total de 1800 assobios foi selecionado e 61,38% (N=1105) dos assobios apresentaram forma de contorno ascendente. Assobios com zero ou um ponto de inflexão foram mais frequentes (N=1476), correspondendo a 82%. A amplitude de frequência encontrada variou de 1,03 a 46,87 kHz, maior alcance registrado para essa espécie no Brasil. A média de duração dos assobios da BG foi menor do que as médias encontradas na BS e na BI. Os resultados de todas as comparações realizadas demonstraram que os parâmetros de frequência (FI, FF, FMAX e F3/4) foram os que mais apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as três áreas. A variação encontrada nos assobios de S. guianensis entre as três áreas estudadas pode também estar ligada aos tipos de assobios mais comuns em cada área, representados pelos assobios ascendentes, que apesar de apresentarem a mesma forma de contorno, possuem diferenças em seus parâmetros acústicos, possivelmente ligados a informações individuais. A utilização de um sistema de gravação com limite superior de 48 kHz possibilitou a análise de muitos assobios. Com isso, foi possível verificar a importância do limite de frequência aplicado para caracterizar o repertório acústico dessa espécie, juntamente com as análises qualitativas das formas de contorno e as análises quantitativas dos parâmetros acústicos dos assobios. A aplicação dessa metodologia foi eficaz na comparação intraespecífica dos assobios, e futuramente, estudos mais detalhados da classificação dos assobios, poderá acrescentar informações relevantes sobre a variação desse tipo de emissão sonora no repertório acústico S. guianensis

Influência do ruído sonoro subaquático na variação dos assobios do boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis

A poluição sonora é um grave problema nos oceanos devido à eficiência de propagação do som na água e à importância da comunicação acústica para os organismos marinhos. Delfinídeos utilizam o som para comunicação, coordenação de grupo, percepção do hábitat e busca por alimentos, já tendo sido demonstrado que podem alterar suas vocalizações em função do aumento do ruído subaquático. O presente estudo realizou uma comparação dos assobios do boto-cinza Sotalia guianensis em dois ambientes acústicos distintos, um silencioso e um ruidoso, dentro da Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Também foram realizadas investigadas as relações dos parâmetros acústicos dos assobios de S. guianensis com os valores de pressão sonora do ruído subaquático. O sistema de gravação foi totalmente calibrado e consistiu de um gravador digital Marantz PMD670 com taxa de amostragem de 96 kHz e um hidrofone HTI-96MIN (5 Hz 30 kHz, sensibilidade média de -170,5 dB re 1 Pa). As gravações realizadas dos assobios e do ruído subaquático ocorreram simultaneamente em duas regiões da baía: a APA de Guapimirim e o Canal central. Durante o período de amostragem os grupos de S. guianensis foram observados em três estados comportamentais: alimentação, deslocamento e socialização; foram anotadas também informações quanto a tamanho e composição de grupo. A análise dos assobios foi realizada no software Raven 1.4 e 10 parâmetros acústicos foram extraídos. Também foi calculada a razão de emissão de assobios. A análise de ruído subaquático foi realizada no software Adobe Audition 1.5, onde foram extraídos valores de pressão sonora do ruído 300ms imediatamente antes de cada assobio analisado, sendo utilizados para análise estatística os maiores valores de pressão sonora dentro de sete intervalos de frequência. Um Teste U de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para comparar os parâmetros acústicos dos assobios e os valores de pressão sonora das duas regiões amostradas. Esta comparação foi feita para cada estado comportamental observado durante a coleta. Posteriormente foi realizado um teste de correlações de Spearman para investigar a relação entre os parâmetros acústicos e os valores de pressão sonora. Este teste também foi feito separadamente para cada estado comportamental. No comportamento de alimentação foi encontrada diferença na duração, na frequência central e em todos os valores de pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de socialização foi encontrada diferença na duração e em todos os valores de pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de alimentação foi encontrada relação entre cinco parâmetros acústicos, a taxa de vocalização e a pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de socialização foi encontrada relação entre a duração e a pressão sonora. S. guianensis alterou seu comportamento acústico em situações ruidosas, diminuindo a duração e aumentando a taxa de vocalização. Na Baía de Guanabara esta espécie está exposta diariamente a poluição sonora, sendo a APA de Guapimirim o ambiente acústico menos perturbado a que S. guianensis tem acesso.

Modeling natural sounds with modulation cascade processes

Natural sounds are structured on many time-scales. A typical segment of speech, for example, contains features that span four orders of magnitude: Sentences ($\sim1$s); phonemes ($\sim10$−$1$ s); glottal pulses ($\sim 10$−$2$s); and formants ($\sim 10$−$3$s). The auditory system uses information from each of these time-scales to solve complicated tasks such as auditory scene analysis [1]. One route toward understanding how auditory processing accomplishes this analysis is to build neuroscience-inspired algorithms which solve similar tasks and to compare the properties of these algorithms with properties of auditory processing. There is however a discord: Current machine-audition algorithms largely concentrate on the shorter time-scale structures in sounds, and the longer structures are ignored. The reason for this is two-fold. Firstly, it is a difficult technical problem to construct an algorithm that utilises both sorts of information. Secondly, it is computationally demanding to simultaneously process data both at high resolution (to extract short temporal information) and for long duration (to extract long temporal information). The contribution of this work is to develop a new statistical model for natural sounds that captures structure across a wide range of time-scales, and to provide efficient learning and inference algorithms. We demonstrate the success of this approach on a missing data task.

学习困难儿童智力结构及其与心理语言、视动能力关系的研究

IQ Structure, Psycholinguistic and Visual-motor Abilities Study on Children Learning Disability TONG Fang Directed by professor Zhu Liqi (Developmental and educational psychology) ABSTRACT Objective To comprehensive analyze the IQ structures, and relationships among IQ, psychometric characteristics and visual-motor integration on children disability. At same time, to probe into the family factors that influenced IQ, psycholinguistic abilities and behavior of LD children. Method (1) Downloading the papers on children learning disability from www.cqvip.com and www.wanfangdata.com, in which, the articles were collected by key words from 1985 to 2005. To conduct meta-analysis on IQ construction, compare the case group and the control group, including full IQ, verbal and practice IQ. (2) Designed with model compared and self-compared, 59 diagnosed learning disability children, tested themes with WISC, ITPA and Berry’s VMI. WISC included 10 items, 5 of which subtotal to verbal and practice IQ respectively. IPTA included 10 items, too, 5 process of which subtotal to auditory and visual perception. The first 3 items shared representation level, the other 2 of that shared automatic level.VMI had one score. Analyzed factors and levels with description and Pearson Correlation. To probe to linguistic internal alternately functions of LD children, and compare the scores of groups in different IQ. (3) Analyzed the perspective questionnaire filled by parents. Early development facts compared with model groups. Factors relationships analyzed with Kendall correlation, KOM and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Promax Rotation. Results: (1) There have been 319 papers related with LD, in which 36 with IQ and 14 valid reports have been analyzed by Meta. FIQ’s 95%CI (confidence interval) is 2.418 ~ 0.172, VIQ between the difficulty and non- difficulty group. C-WISC-R reports were 10 papers, of which, 95%CI of FIQ is 2.424 ~ 0.676, of VIQ is 2.314 ~ 1.196, of PIQ is 2.176 ~ 0.176. The VIQ comparing the PIQ, 95%CI is 1.1 ~ -0.07 in difficulty group and 0.5 ~ -0.0046 in non-difficult group. Nevertheless, in the other 4 tests, FIQ’s 95%CI is 2.00 ~ -0.818 between LD and NLD. (2) Children psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with Berry’s VMI test excluding auditory reception, and with perceptive factor of intelligence excluding verbal expression. Auditory reception and visual closure had strong relation with FIQ and PIQ. Grammatic closure, visual association and manual expression had strong relation with concept factor. The representational and automatic levels are depended on integration of auditory and visual procession. Lower verbal expression (VE) let to lower expression process and low scores on representational level. Lower visual sequential memory (VSM) let to lower memory process and influenced automatic level. Groups compared by IQ 90 show that LD children with under IQ 90 had lower scores on items of IPTA than with up IQ 90 excluded verbal expression. It was proved that IQ administrated the linguistic ability. Nevertheless, general abilities deficiency didn’t show influencing on the types of the perceptive delay. There was mutual function among linguistic ability on LD children. Auditory and visual level are overlapped each other. Not only show higher Decoding and lower Encoding on Auditory perception, lower Decoding and higher Encoding on Visual perception, in representation, but also higher Sequential remember, lower Closure on Audition, and lower Sequential member, higher Closure on Vision, in Automation. Nevertheless, there was no different between Representational and Automatic level, which may be the relationship of parallel or evolution. (3) Major family factors were father’s education, occupation. Lower auditory perception related to unconcerned, lower visual perception related to premature delivery and written slowly. Threatened–abortion, childbirth-suffocated were known as influencing children’s IQ and later linguistic abilities. It wasn’t shown that dosage relationship with the types of perceptive delay. Conclusion: (1) The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ of Children with LD is lower than that of NLD group. There is no significantly different between VIQ and PIQ in LD and NLD groups. (2) The objectives of ITPA and WISC tests are differently. The psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with perceptive factor and VMI. Some facts of IPTA related with FIQ. IQ had strong administration on linguistic abilities. There was mutual function among linguistic internal abilities. (3) Family facts on IQ and psycholinguistic abilities were Father’s education, abnormal pregnant and abortion. It would be pre-show development delay in early period.

Myosin VIIA, important for human auditory function, is necessary for Drosophila auditory organ development.

BACKGROUND: Myosin VIIA (MyoVIIA) is an unconventional myosin necessary for vertebrate audition [1]-[5]. Human auditory transduction occurs in sensory hair cells with a staircase-like arrangement of apical protrusions called stereocilia. In these hair cells, MyoVIIA maintains stereocilia organization [6]. Severe mutations in the Drosophila MyoVIIA orthologue, crinkled (ck), are semi-lethal [7] and lead to deafness by disrupting antennal auditory organ (Johnston's Organ, JO) organization [8]. ck/MyoVIIA mutations result in apical detachment of auditory transduction units (scolopidia) from the cuticle that transmits antennal vibrations as mechanical stimuli to JO. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using flies expressing GFP-tagged NompA, a protein required for auditory organ organization in Drosophila, we examined the role of ck/MyoVIIA in JO development and maintenance through confocal microscopy and extracellular electrophysiology. Here we show that ck/MyoVIIA is necessary early in the developing antenna for initial apical attachment of the scolopidia to the articulating joint. ck/MyoVIIA is also necessary to maintain scolopidial attachment throughout adulthood. Moreover, in the adult JO, ck/MyoVIIA genetically interacts with the non-muscle myosin II (through its regulatory light chain protein and the myosin binding subunit of myosin II phosphatase). Such genetic interactions have not previously been observed in scolopidia. These factors are therefore candidates for modulating MyoVIIA activity in vertebrates. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that MyoVIIA plays evolutionarily conserved roles in auditory organ development and maintenance in invertebrates and vertebrates, enhancing our understanding of auditory organ development and function, as well as providing significant clues for future research.

SOLOS DE CONCOURS FOR FLUTE AT THE PARTS CONSERVATORY: TWO DECADES-1900s AND 1940s

The topic of this dissertation is the concours pieces for flute at the Paris Conservatory covering two decades. The works are used for exit examination pieces for graduating students at the conservatory. The music is chosen by the director, the professors in the performance area, and a committee of other professors. These pieces still seem to be among the more important pieces known by flutists in the twenty-first century, and they are also frequently used as required audition pieces by conservatories, orchestras, and competitions. I have performed the works used for examination in two decades separated by almost half a century: The pieces from 1900 to 1909 and from 1940-1949, This performance dissertation contains three recital programs, and the recordings of the recitals are filed electronicaIly. I have grouped them according to contrasting styles in three recitals. Works performed are Agrestide (1942) by Eugene Bozza, Andante et Scherzo (1945) by Francois J. Brun, Preude et Scherzo (1908) by Henri Busser, Concertino (1902) by Cecile Chaminade, sixth Solo (1855) by Jules Demersseman (it was on the concours of 1896, dates which are outside the scope of this dissertation), Sonatine (1943) by Henri Dutilleux, Cantabile et Presto (1904) by Georges Enesco, Andante et Scheno (1901) by Louis Ganne, Fantaisie (1920) by Philippe Gaubert, Nocturne et Allegro Scherzando (1906) by Philippe Gaubert, Chant de Linos (1944) by Andre Jolivet, Fantasiestuck (1947) by Henri Martelli, Eglogue (1909) by Jules Mouquet, Concerto in A (1945-1949) by mile Passani, Ballade (1903) by Albert Perhilou, Sonatine (1946) by Pierre Sancan, Andante Pastorale et Scherzettim (1907) by Paul Taffanel, and Concertino in E Major (1945) by Henri Tornasi. Cantabile et Presto was required in both 1904 and 1940, and Andante et Scherzo was required in both 1901 and 1905.

The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory.

Behavior, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging suggest that episodic memories are constructed from interactions among the following basic systems: vision, audition, olfaction, other senses, spatial imagery, language, emotion, narrative, motor output, explicit memory, and search and retrieval. Each system has its own well-documented functions, neural substrates, processes, structures, and kinds of schemata. However, the systems have not been considered as interacting components of episodic memory, as is proposed here. Autobiographical memory and oral traditions are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the basic-systems model in accounting for existing data and predicting novel findings, and to argue that the model, or one similar to it, is the only way to understand episodic memory for complex stimuli routinely encountered outside the laboratory.

Expertise is perceived from both sound and body movement in musical performance

Music is a rich form of nonverbal communication, in which the movements that expert musicians make during performance can influence the perception of expressive and structural features of the music. Whether the actual skill of a musician is perceivable from vision of movement was examined. In Experiment 1, musicians and non-musicians rated performances by novice, intermediate and expert clarinettists from point-light animations of their movements, sound recordings, or both. Performances by clarinettists of more advanced skill level were rated significantly higher from vision of movements, although this effect was stronger when sound was also presented. In Experiment 2, movements and sound from the novice and expert clarinettists' performances were switched for half the presentations, and were matched for the rest. Ratings of novice music were significantly higher when presented with expert movements, although the opposite was not found for expert sound presented with novice movements. No perceptual effect of raters' own level of musicianship was found in either experiment. These results suggest that expertise is perceivable from vision of musicians' body movements, although perception of skill from sound is dominant. The results from Experiment 2 further indicate a cross-modal effect of vision and audition on the perception of musical expertise. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Listening to the World Through New Ears:Reinvention of the soundtrack in the works of Lucrecia Martel and Sofia Coppola

This paper explores the production and post-production techniques and tensions in designing sound for film. Considering the films of Lucrecia Martel and Sofia Coppola, amongst others, Greene and Yang will discuss how the soundtrack takes on a primary role in these films and becomes a medium for symbolism, reflection, characterisation, as well as storytelling. There will be a close examination of the processes involved in creating character-orientated soundscapes. These processes are sensitive to the effects sound has on an audience. Exploring how these filmmakers (with their sound teams) utilise the listening experience, including attention to point of audition and sound perception, this paper will critically unpick how such creative decisions are arrived at during various stages of the production process. Outlining the use of diegetic and non-diegetic sound and the potential musicality of sound effect design, issues of reverberation, noise and intent are discussed to highlight the sonic framing of these creative teams. Greene will approach these soundtracks from a production/post-production perspective, while Yang will explore the composer’s/designer’s ear.

Getting in touch: segregated somatosensory what and where pathways in humans revealed by electrical neuroimaging.

Whether the somatosensory system, like its visual and auditory counterparts, is comprised of parallel functional pathways for processing identity and spatial attributes (so-called what and where pathways, respectively) has hitherto been studied in humans using neuropsychological and hemodynamic methods. Here, electrical neuroimaging of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) identified the spatio-temporal mechanisms subserving vibrotactile processing during two types of blocks of trials. What blocks varied stimuli in their frequency (22.5 Hz vs. 110 Hz) independently of their location (left vs. right hand). Where blocks varied the same stimuli in their location independently of their frequency. In this way, there was a 2x2 within-subjects factorial design, counterbalancing the hand stimulated (left/right) and trial type (what/where). Responses to physically identical somatosensory stimuli differed within 200 ms post-stimulus onset, which is within the same timeframe we previously identified for audition (De Santis, L., Clarke, S., Murray, M.M., 2007. Automatic and intrinsic auditory "what" and "where" processing in humans revealed by electrical neuroimaging. Cereb Cortex 17, 9-17.). Initially (100-147 ms), responses to each hand were stronger to the what than where condition in a statistically indistinguishable network within the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated hand, arguing against hemispheric specialization as the principal basis for somatosensory what and where pathways. Later (149-189 ms) responses differed topographically, indicative of the engagement of distinct configurations of brain networks. A common topography described responses to the where condition irrespective of the hand stimulated. By contrast, different topographies accounted for the what condition and also as a function of the hand stimulated. Parallel, functionally specialized pathways are observed across sensory systems and may be indicative of a computationally advantageous organization for processing spatial and identity information.

Recueil de copies de pièces relatives aux guerres de religion sous Louis XIII.

Contient : 1 « Memoires des choses les plus notables advenues en haut et bas Languedoc et haute Guyenne soubs la conduitte du duc Henri de Rohan, durant les troubles des années 1621 et 1622, jusques à la paix » ; 2 « Declaration du roy LOUYS [XIII] pour la paix accordée à ceux de la religion... Donné à Montpellier, le vingtiesme jour d'octobre mil six cent vingt deux » ; 3 « Brevet pour la levée des restes et impositions faictes durant la guerre ». 14 octobre 1622 ; 4 « Brevet sur la nomination des depputés generaux de l'année 1622 » ; 5 « Brevet general accordé à ceux de la religion, en suitte de la declaration precedente ». 24 octobre 1622 ; 6 « Brevet accordé aux villes de Nismes, Castres, Uzez et Milhau pour la moityé des fortifications nouvelles ». 25 octobre 1622 ; 7 « Brevet particulier accordé à la ville de Montpellier ». 18 octobre 1622 ; 8 Lettre de CHARLES D'ALBERT, duc et connétable « DE LUINES,... à monsieur le duc de Rohan,... De Chizé, le dernier may 1621 » ; 9 Lettre de « HENRY [duc] DE ROHAN,... à monsieur le duc de Luines, pair et connestable de France... De Tonneins, juin 1621 » ; 10 « Lettre du connestable [CHARLES D'ALBERT, duc] DE LUINES, au duc de Rohan,... Du camp devant St Jean, ce unzieme juin 1621 » ; 11 « Responce du duc DE ROHAN,... De Montauban, le 20 juin 1621 » ; 12 « Instruction baillée par le duc [HENRI] DE ROHAN au baron de St Angel, sur la proposition qu'il a faicte audit duc de la part du connestable de Luines » ; 13 « Lettre du duc [HENRI] DE ROHAN à l'assemblée generalle, par laquelle il luy donne advis des propositions qui luy ont esté faites par le baron de St Angel, de la part du connestable de Luines,... De Montauban, le 20e??? juin 1621 » ; 14 et 15 Deux lettres de MAXIMILIEN DE BETHUNE, « duc DE SUILLY,... à monseigneur le duc DE ROHAN » ; 14 « De Cadenac, ce 18e juillet 1621 » ; 15 « De Cadenac, ce 28e juillet 1621 » ; 16 « Lettre du connestable DE LUINES au duc de Rohan,... De Tonneins, ce 6 aoust 1621 » ; 17 et 18 Deux lettres du « duc DE SUILLY au duc de Rohan » ; 17 «De Cadenac, ce unziesme aoust 1621 » ; 18 « Du camp devant Montauban, ce 22 aoust 1621 » ; 19 « Responce du duc DE ROHAN au duc de Suilly,... De Millau, ce 27 aoust 1621 » ; 20 « Lettre du roy d'Angleterre, JACQUES [Ier], au duc de Rohan,... A nostre palais de Theobalds, ce 18 juillet 1621 » ; 21 « Propositions de la part du roy [Louis XIII] touchant la paix, avec les responces qui furent remises es mains de l'ambassadeur du roy de la Grande Bretaigne » ; 22 « Submissions conseillées à ceux de Montauban » ; 23 « Extrait des actes de l'assemblée generalle des eglizes reformées de France et souveraineté de Bearn. Du 7 janvier 1622 » ; 24 « Coppie de la requeste que l'assemblée vouloit presenter au roy » ; 25 « Lettre de l'assemblée generalle à l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre... De La Rochelle, ce 10 janvier 1622 » ; 26 « Instruction donnée par [JEAN DE BEAUDEAN, comte DE] « PARABERE, aux sieurs de Chauffepied et de Sivort, envoyez par luy à La Rochelle, par permission du roy » ; 27 « Memoire donné par le duc DE ROHAN au sieur Des Isles, pour communicquer à Mr de Bleinville, passant à la cour pour aler à La Rochelle; avec les responces en marge » ; 28 « Discours fait par le sieur DES ISLES à l'assemblée generalle, sur ce qui c'est passé en Lenguedoc ; avec la demande qu'il fait d'un pouvoir pour le duc de Rohan, pour traitter de la paix » ; 29 « Pouvoir de l'assemblée generalle, donné au duc de Rohan pour traitter de la paix... 21 janvier 1622 » ; 30 Lettre de FRANÇOIS DE BONNE, duc DE « LESDIGUIERES,... à monseigneur le duc de Rohan,... De Vallance, le 10 febvrier 1622 » ; 31 « Memoires et instructions pour le Sr Des Isles, deputé par le duc DE ROHAN vers le duc Desdiguieres et la province de Vivaretz... Faict à Montpellier, le 6 mars 1622 » ; 32 « Negotiation du sieur DES ISLES avec le duc Desdiguieres, touchant Bays sur Bays et Le Pouzin, et jusques à l'entrevue des ducs de Rohan et Desdiguieres » ; 33 Extrait des actes de l'assemblée provincialle tenue à La Salle », le 31 mai 1622 ; 34 « Articles convenus entre les ducs de Rohan et de Lesdiguieres,... Fait à Laval en Languedoc, le 3 jour d'avril 1622 » ; 35 « Autres Articles convenus en suitte des precedans ; 36 « Lettre du duc DE ROHAN au roy [Louis XIII], sur le sujet de la conference d'entre luy et le duc Desdiguieres,... De Barjac, ce 4 d'apvril 1622 » ; 37 « Extraict des registres des conseilz tenuz en la maison commune de la ville de La Rochelle, du lundy 27 septembre 1622, par lequel est donné pouvoir au duc de Rohan de demander la paix et la conclure » ; 38 « Lettre du roy d'Angleterre Jacques [Ier] au duc de Rohan,... De nostre cour à Teobaldes, ce 15 septembre 1622 » ; 39 « Entreprise descouverte sur la ville de Castres » ; 40 « Commission donnée par le duc DE ROHAN au provost general, pour informer » de la trahison des consuls de Castres qui avaient voulu livrer la ville entre les mains du roi. « Donné à Castres, le dix neufiesme jour de septembre, l'an mil six cens vingt un » ; 41 « Audition de maistre Denis Maltret, advocat en la cour, et premier consul de la presante ville de Castres... Fait à Castres, le dix neufiesme septembre mil six cens vingt un » ; 42 « Proces verbal du provost... general de l'armée » du « duc de Rohan,... L'an mil six cens vingt un, le dix neufiesme jour du moys de septembre » ; 43 « Patantes du roy LOUYS [XIII], en faveur du Sr Maltret, par lesquelles il appert de la verité de ce dont il est accuzé... Donné à Beziers, le dixiesme jour du moys d'aoust, l'an de grace mil six cens vingt deux » ; 44 « Discours touchant l'assamblée du cercle, composée de cincq provinces, savoir : haut Languedoc et haute Guyenne, bas Languedoc, Sevenes et Gevaudan, Vivaretz et Dauphiné » ; 45 « Extrait des actes et registres de la maison consulaire de Nismes... Du mardy seiziesme jour de novembre » 1621 ; 46 « Extrait des actes et registres de la maison consulaire de Nismes... Du Vendredy treziesme jour du moys de may » 1622 ; 47 «Aprobation du duc DE ROHAN des actes cy dessus... Donné à Nismes, le vingt ungniesme jour de may » 1622 ; 48 « Coppie des memoyres et instructions trouvées entre les mains du Sr de Tortolon, lorsqu'il feust arresté prisonnier à Valerangue » ; 49 Lettre de l'assamblée du bas Languedoc à l'assamblée generalle, pour l'advertir de la nommination qu'ilz ont faitte du duc de Rohan pour leur general... De Sommieres, janvier 1622 » ; 50 « Autre Lettre de l'assamblée du bas Languedoc à l'assamblée generalle, pour l'assamblée du cercle... De Sommieres, janvier 1622 » ; 51 « Memoires de l'assamblée du bas Languedoc, pour la revocquation du cercle » ; 52 « Lettre de l'assamblée des Sevenes et Gevaudan à l'assamblée generalle, pour la nomination qu'ils ont faitte du duc de Rohan pour leur general, et pour la revocation du cercle... Allez, le 27 janvier 1622 » ; 53 « Memoires de l'assamblée provincialle des Sevenes et Gevaudan, pour la revocation du cercle... Allez, ce 27 janvier 1622 » ; 54 « Memoires du duc DE ROHAN, pour la revocation du cercle » ; 55 « Audition » de « Pierre Rabat, docteur en theologie, ministre de la parolle de Dieu, en l'eglize de Castagnolz... Du mardy troisiesme jour de may mil six cens vingt deux, à Montpellier » ; 56 « Extrait des actes de l'assamblée provincialle des eglizes reformée[s] de la province du bas Languedoc, tenue en la ville de Nismes... commancée le 25 may 1622 » ; 57 « Extrait des actes de l'assamblée provincialle des Sevenes, convocquée en la ville d'Allez par monseigneur le duc de Rohan, chef et general des eglizes reformée[s] de France, le septiesme de septembre mil six cens vingt deux » ; 58 « Discours touchant l'assamblée de Lunel » ; 59 « Articles proposés par le Sr de Bensillon, de la part de Mr de Chastillon ; avec les responces en marge du duc DE ROHAN » ; 60 « Instructions envoyées par le duc DE ROHAN à ses agents des trois villes » ; 61 « Memoires et instructions pour messieurs du Puy, juge de Puy Laurens et Daneau, pasteur de Castres, de la part de la province du haut Languedoc » ; 62 « Envoy des ducs de Bouillon et de La Trimouille vers le duc de Rohan » ; 63 Lettre de « HENRY DE LA TOUR,... duc DE BOUILLON, au duc de Rohan,... De Sedan, le premier de juin 1622 » ; 64 Lettre de « HENRY DE LA TRIMOUILLE [duc DE THOUARS]... au duc de Rohan,... A Sedan, ce premier de juin 1622 » ; 65 « Promesse du duc DE ROHAN aux ducs de Bouillon et de La Trimouille,... Fait au Vigan, le quatorziesme juillet, l'an mil cinq cens vingt deux » ; 66 « Proceiz fait à Bimart, sur la depesche surprise du president Du Faure, et sa confession » ; 67 « Lettre de creance du presidant DU FAURE au Sr Galepin, qui se tenoit à Beaucaire... De Frontignan, ce 19 juillet 1622 » ; 68 « Lettre en chiffre du presidant DU FAURE à Galepin » ; 69 « Memoire du presidant DU FAURE, trouvé à Giraut » ; 70 « Lettre de creance du presidant DU FAURE,... à monseigneur de Montauban, gouverneur du Montellimar... De Frontignan, ce 20 juillet 1622 » ; 71 « Instruction » du Sr « GOUVERNET,... à Giraut, pour entretenir Montauban » ; 72 « Procez verbal de Bimart, fait sur la question ». 26 juillet 1622 ; 73 « Jugement et condamnation à mort de Bimart » ; 74 « Lettre du roy d'Angleterre JACQUES [Ier]... au duc de Rohan,... De Royston, le 13 novembre 1622 » ; 75 « Extraict des actes de l'assamblée generalle des eglises reformée[s] de France et souveraineté de Bearn, tenant à La Rochelle », 9 et 10 novembre 1622 ; 76 « Lettre du duc DE BOUILLON au duc de Rohan, sur la paix... De Sedan, ce 9 novembre 1622 » ; 77 « Lettre du duc DE LA TRIMOUILLE au duc de Rohan,... Le 8e de novembre » ; 78 « Lettre de la ville de La Rochelle au duc de Rohan,... A La Rochelle, ce 25 novembre 1622 » ; 79 « Suittes de la paix » ; 80 et 81 Deux lettres du « roy... LOUYS » XIII ; 80 « au Srde Valençay,... Escript à Lion, le 18e jour de decembre 1622 » ; 81 « à monseigneur Arnaud, Me de camp du regiment de Champagne... Escript à Lion, le 18e de decembre 1622 » ; 82 « Articles presantez au roy [Louis XIII] par les deputez generaux ; avec les responces en marge » ; 83 « Memoires envoiez au roy [Louis XIII] par le duc DE ROHAN, touchant les affaires du bas Languedoc, le 6 janvier 1623 » ; 84 « Lettre du roy LOUIS [XIII] au duc de Rohan,... Escript à Paris, le 17 janvier 1622 » ; 85 Lettre de RAIMOND « PHELIPEAUX D'HERBAUT, secretaire d'Estat, au duc de Rohan,... De Paris, le 16e de janvier 1623 » ; 86 « Lettre du duc DE ROHAN au roy... De Montauban, le 29 janvier 1623 » ; 87 « Responce du roy LOUYS [XIII] au duc de Rohan,... Escript à Paris, le 20 febvrier 1623 » ; 88 « Lettre du Sr D'HERBAUT au duc de Rohan,... A Paris, ce 20 febvrier 1623 » ; 89 « Instructions baillées par le duc DE ROHAN à Des Isles, s'en allant en cour pour le subjet de sa detention... Fait à Montpellier, le 26e de febvrier 1623 » ; 90 « Autres Instructions audit Sr Des Isles pour le mesme sujet... Fait à Montpellier, le 27e febvrier 1623 » ; 91 « Lettre du roy [LOUIS XIII] au duc de Rohan, touchant sa liberté... Escript à Paris, le 4e jour de mars 1623 » ; 92 « Lettre du Sr D'HERBAUT au duc de Rohan, sur sa liberté... A Paris, ce 4 mars 1623 » ; 93 « Responce du duc DE ROHAN au roy, touchant sa liberté... A Nismes, ce 15e de mars 1623 » ; 94 « Memoire baillé par le duc DE ROHAN à Limouziniere, pour porter à la duchesse de Rohan, sa femme » ; 95 « Lettre du roy LOUYS [XIII] au duc de Rohan,... A Paris, le 15 jour de mars 1623 » ; 96 « Lettre du Sr D'HERBAUT au duc de Rohan,... A Paris, ce 15 mars 1623 » ; 97 « Lettre du roy LOUYS [XIII] au duc de Rohan,... A Paris, le 25 mars 1623 » ; 98 « Lettre du Sr D'HERBAUT au duc de Rohan,... A Paris, ce 25 mars 1623 » ; 99 « Lettre du duc DE ROHAN au roy » ; 100 et 101 Deux memoires envoyés par « le duc DE ROHAN à Esperandieu » ; 102 et 103 Deux lettres du « duc DE ROHAN » ; 102 « au roy [Louis XIII]... De Castres, ce 8e juin 1623 » ; 103 « à la reine mere [Marie de Médicis]... De Castres, ce 8 juin 1623 » ; 104 et 105 « Deux Memoires du duc DE ROHAN », l'un pour « le restablissement de la chambre dans Castres », l'autre « pour la sortye des gens de guerre de Montpellier » ; 106 « Instructions du duc DE ROHAN, envoyées à Des Isles pour le restablissement de la chambre dans Castres » ; 107 « Lettre du duc DE ROHAN aux deputez generaux sur ce qu'on veut mypartir les consulats en Rouergue » ; 108 « Lettre du roy LOUYS [XIII] au duc de Rohan, pour luy deffendre son entremise sur l'execution de la paix... Escript à St Germain en Laye, le 13 jeuillet 1623 » ; 109 « Lettre du Sr D'HERBAUT au duc de Rohan,... De St Germain en Laye, ce 13 juillet 1623 » ; 110 et 111 Deux lettres du « duc DE ROHAN » ; 110 « au roy [Louis XIII]... De Castres, ce 27e juillet 1623 » ; 111 « au Srd'Herbault,... De Castres, ce 26 juillet 1623 » ; 112 « Ordonnance des commissaires envoiez en l'an mil six cents pour l'execution de l'edit, touchant le consulat de Pasmiers » ; 113 « Arrest du conseil du roy, donné en l'an mil six cens deux, pour decider l'affaire du consulat de Pasmiers » ; 114 « Lettre du duc DE ROHAN aux deputez generaux, pour leur remonstrer l'importance de l'affaire de Pasmiers » ; 115 « Acte extorqué d'une partie des habitans de la ville de Montpellier, pour demander une citadelle et renoncer au brevet obtenu du roy par la paix » ; 116 « Harangue du Sr MANIALD, deputé general, pour empescher la citadelle de Montpellier » ; 117 « Le Conseil de la citadelle de Montpellier » ; 118 « Raisons de la paix faitte devant Montpelier » ; 119 « Brevet acordé à ceux de la religion, en l'année 1598 » ; 120 « Autre Brevet de la mesme année » ; 121 « Estat des deniers que le roy Henry [IV] veut et entend estre payez pour la solde des gens de guerre, estats et entretenement de gouverneurs estans en garnison es villes et places baillées en garde à ceux de la religion pretendue refformée... Rennes, 14 may 1598 » ; 122 « Estat de la somme employée en l'estat public, tant deçà que delà les monts... Rennes, 12 may » ; 123 « Estat des restes qui sont outre l'estat public et doivent estre payez par rescriptions... Rennes, le 17 may 1598 » ; 124 « Estat des places ausquelles le roy veut qu'il soit entretenu des hommes, ores qu'elles ne soyent ny en l'un ny en l'autre estat, et ce par les gouverneurs des places commandées cy dessoubz... Rennes, le 18 may 1598 » ; 125 « Distribution de 23,200 livres hors l'estat des garnisons, pour laquelle le roy faict delivrer les rescriptions » ; 126 « Estat des garnisons de Dauphiné » ; 127 « Antien petit Estat » ; 128 « Augmentation du petit estat » ; 129 « Pentions » ; 130 « Brevet pour la tenue des synodes, colloques et consistoires » ; 131 « Brevet pour l'assamblée generalle de Ste Foy, en l'an 1601 » ; 132 « Brevet accordé à ceux de la religion pour la tenue de l'assamblée generalle de Chastellerault, en l'an 1604 » ; 133 « Brevet accordé à ceux de la religion, en l'an 1605, pour la prolongation des places de seureté » ; 134 « Brevet pour l'explication du temps que doit commancer les huit années, durant lesquelles ceux de la religion doivent avoir des places de seureté » ; 135 « Memoires de ce qui s'est passé en ceste guerre, depuis le commencement de l'année 1625 jusques à la paix, accordée le cinqe de febvrier 1626 et ratiffiée au moys de mars suivant » ; 136 « Declaration du roy LOUIS [XIV] faicte pour la pacification de ses subjects... Donné à Paris, au mois de mars 1626 » ; 137 « Brevet » de décharge « des fortiffications faictes sans [la] permission » du roi « es villes tenues » par les protestants « ez provinces de Languedoc et Guyenne, depuis le premier jour de janvier 1625 jusques à la publication de la paix » ; 138 et 139 Deux Lettres du « duc DE ROHAN » ; 138 « au roy d'Angleterre [Charles Ier], du 24 avril 1625, sur les affaires du temps » ; 139 « à MM. les Estats de Hollande, du 28 avril 1625 » ; 140 « Acte de l'assemblée provinciale du haut Languedoc et haute Guyenne, du 1er de juin 1625, par laquelle le duc de Rohan est prié de reprendre la charge de general des eglises reformées à luy cy devant donnée par l'assemblée generalle de La Rochelle » ; 141 « Articles du traicté entre messeigneurs de Rohan et de Soubize et messrs les mayre, eschevins, conseillers, pairs, bourgeois et habitans de la ville de La Rochelle, sur le faict de l'union de ladicte ville aux armes et desseings desdicts seigneurs... Faict au camp, au chasteau d'Oleron, le dixseptiesme jour de may 1625 » ; 142 « Protestation du duc DE ROHAN, faicte à l'assemblée des quatre collocques, sur l'acceptation de la paix; avec la responce de l'assemblée, du 23e aoust 1625 » ; 143 « Articles presentez au roy par les depputez des communaultez de ceux de la religion, et les responces, en juillet 1625 » ; 144 « Acte d'acceptation de la paix, faict en l'assemblée tenue à Millau, le premier de novembre 1625 » ; 145 « Acte d'acceptation de la paix par l'assemblée tenue à Castres, le dixe janvier 1626, confirmant celuy de l'assemblée tenue à Millau, le premier de novembre 1625 » ; 146 Lettre des Srs « HOLLANDE et D. CARLETON,... ambassadeurs extraordinaires du roy de la Grande Bretaigne, au duc de Rohan,... De Paris, ce unziesme febvrier 1626 » ; 147 « Acte des ambassadeurs extraordinaires du roy de la Grande Bretaigne... Faict à Paris, ce unziesme jour de febvrier 1626 » ; 148 « Lettre de « FRANÇOIS D'ARSENS, ambassadeur extraordinaire des Estats, au duc de Rohan,... De Paris, ce 18 de febvrier 1626 » ; 149 « Ratiffication de la paix conclue en court par [les] deputez... des eglises reformées de France... le cinq de febvrier 1626, et approuvée à Nismes le 21 mars 1626 » ; 150 « Declaration des motifs et raisons qui ont obligé Mr le duc de Rohan de constituer prisonniers quelques habitans de la ville de Castres, le 6 janvier 1626 » ; 151 et 152 Deux sonnets ; 153 « Memoires ou journal du siege de Montpellier » ; 154 « Ode à monseigneur le duc de Rohan » ; 155 « Sonnet sur l'estat presant de Montpelier » ; 156 « Memoires du siege de Briatexte et des choses plus remarquables faittes durant iceluy » ; 157 « Entreprise de Sommieres, escripte par Mr DE ST BLANCARD, 5 juillet 1625 » ; 158 « Le Siege du Mas d'Azil et ce qui s'est passé en Fois durant les derniers troubles de l'année 1625, escrit par Mr DE ST BLANCARD »