Sex differences in the phenotypic expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study from Brazil

Previous studies have shown differences in clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) between men and women, including mean age at onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), types of OCS, comorbid disorders, course, and prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare male and female Brazilian patients with OCD on several demographic and clinical characteristics. Three hundred thirty Outpatients with OCD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV], criteria) who sought treatment at 3 Brazilian public universities and at 2 private practice clinics in the city of Sao Paulo were evaluated. The assessment instruments used were the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale to evaluate OCD severity and symptoms, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I Disorders to assess psychiatric comorbidity. Fifty-five percent of the patients (n = 182) were men who were significantly more likely than women to be single and to present sexual, religious, and symmetry obsessions and mental rituals. They also presented earlier onset of OCS and earlier symptom interference in functioning, and significantly more comorbid tic disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Women, besides showing significantly higher mean scores in the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, were more likely to present comorbid simple phobias, eating disorders in general and anorexia in particular, impulse control disorders in general, and compulsive buying and skin picking in particular. No significant differences were observed between sexes concerning family history of OCS or OCD, and global symptoms severity, either in obsession or compulsive subscale. The present study confirms the presence of sex-related differences described in other countries and cultures. The fact that the OCS start earlier and probably have a worse impact in men can eventually lead to more specific and efficacious treatment approaches for these patients. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Efeitos da sobrecarga das mochilas escolares nas alterações posturais e de equilíbrio

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

Avaliação e a Qualidade das Práticas de Inclusão para Alunos com PEA: Escala LAQI (Louisiana Autism Quality Indicators)

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Especial, domínio Cognição e Multideficiência

Quality indicators in the education of children with profound Intellectual and multiple disabilities

Todas as crianças, independentemente das suas necessidades, deveriam ter acesso a uma educação de qualidade e a serem incluídas nas suas famílias e comunidades. Esta afirmação inclui as crianças mais vulneráveis, em particular as crianças com dificuldades intelectuais e multideficiência. Os resultados da investigação sobre a educação de crianças com dificuldades intelectuais e multideficiência ainda não produziram até ao momento informação suficiente que possa ser usada para desenvolver indicadores de qualidade para a avaliação das práticas e dos serviços. A investigação nesta área é limitada por constrangimentos éticos, dificuldades na determinação de amostras e desafios metodológicos, sendo reduzido o número de estudos capaz de produzir a informação necessária. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir fatores que contribuam para a qualidade do envolvimento de crianças com dificuldades intelectuais e multideficiência em atividades educativas, com base na experiência das autoras e na informação disponível que tem sido publicada sobre este assunto. Com base nesta discussão é sugerido um conjunto de indicadores que poderão ajudar os profissionais a dirigir as suas observações para a qualidade da oferta educativa e para aspetos significativos dos desempenhos das crianças quando envolvidas em atividades curriculares.

Actividade física e envelhecimento activo : o incremento da prática de actividade física através de consultoria

RESUMO: Num quadro de profundas transformações demográficas, o envelhecimento populacional coloca muitas questões à sociedade. A promoção da saúde e de comportamentos saudáveis desempenha um papel importante numa perspectiva de Envelhecimento Activo. Hoje em dia existem inúmeras evidências científicas de que a Actividade Física regular tem importantes benefícios, tanto a nível físico como psicológico, com um impacto significativo no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida das pessoas em todas as idades. Para fomentar a prática de Actividade Física há um envolvimento cada vez maior dos profissionais de saúde, visto serem figuras de referência para os pacientes. Desta forma, foi objectivo do nosso estudo verificar a existência de uma associação positiva entre a prática de Actividade Física e a Consultoria em Actividade Física, baseado nas seguintes variáveis: análise sócio-demográfica dos indivíduos; percepções e práticas de Actividade Física. Para tal estudámos uma amostra de conveniência, seleccionada a partir dos utentes de ambulatório das Unidades de Saúde Familiar de Benfica e Carnide, constituída por 5 pessoas, todas do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 65 anos, que se encontravam clinicamente estáveis. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram os seguintes: Entrevista Semi- Estruturada Inicial e Final, Questionário Internacional de Actividade Física – Versão Longa, e Questionário de Satisfação. Com os resultados obtidos podemos concluir que a Consultoria em Actividade Física contribuiu para o aumento da consciência das pessoas para a necessidade de movimentos e de Actividade Física para melhorar a saúde a nível físico, psicológico e social.-------------- ABSTRACT: In a context of profound demographic changes, population aging poses many questions to society. Health promotion and healthy behaviors play an important role in an Active Ageing perspective. Nowadays there are plenty of scientific evidence that regular physical activity has important benefits, both physically and psychologically, with significant impact on the wellbeing and quality of life for people of all ages. To encourage the practice of physical activity there is an increasing involvement of health professionals, because they are reference figures for the patients. Thus, the aim of our study was to verify the existence of a positive association between the practice of Physical Activity and Physical Activity Consulting, based on the following variables: social demographic features of individuals, perceptions and practices of Physical Activity. To this end we studied a convenience sample, selected from outpatients of Family Health Units in Benfica and Carnide, consisting of 5 persons, all female, aged between 50 and 65, who were clinically stable. The assessment instruments used were the following: Initial and Final Semi-Structured Interview, International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Version, and Satisfaction Questionnaire. With these results we can conclude that Physical Activity Consulting contributed to increase people's awareness of the need for movement and physical activity, in order to improve health at the physical, psychological and social level.

Dor crónica lombar : incapacidada auto-reportada em trabalhadores de saúde e sua relação com variáveis psicossociais e intensidade da dor

RESUMO: A dor crónica lombar, é uma condição de saúde cuja prevalência tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. É uma condição que pode ser bastante incapacitante para o indivíduo e por consequência, ter importante impacto social e económico na sociedade. É um fenómeno complexo, multifactorial e pouco estudado na população portuguesa. Objectivo: Estudar a associação entre a catastrofização da dor, crenças de medo evitamento da dor, intensidade da dor e a incapacidade funcional auto reportada em indivíduos com dor crónica lombar. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, com uma amostra de 38 indivíduos com dor crónica lombar, seleccionados a partir de uma população de 186 trabalhadores de uma unidade local de saúde. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de 4 instrumentos de avaliação: Questionário de caracterização e levantamento de factores de risco e impacto associados à dor crónica lombar; Questionário de incapacidade de Roland e Morris; Escala de catastrofização da dor; e Questionário de crenças de medo evitamento da dor. A análise dos dados foi feita através de estatística descritiva pela distribuição de frequências e medidas de tendência central para análise da prevalência e caracterização da amostra e por estatística inferencial para estudar as relações entre variáveis através do teste de correlação não paramétrico de Spearman. Resultados: A variável catastrofização da dor obteve um valor de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,473, para p<0,01; a variável crença de medo evitamento da dor relacionada com o trabalho obteve um valor de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,462 para p<0,01, a percepção da intensidade actual de dor e a intensidade percepcionada no ano anterior, obtiveram valores de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,327 e rs= 0,359 respectivamente para valor de p<0,05. Conclusão: As variáveis psicossociais catastrofização da dor e crença de medo evitamento da dor relacionada com o trabalho, influenciam de forma moderada a incapacidade em indivíduos com dor crónica lombar. A associação entre a intensidade da dor e a incapacidade parece ter um papel menos importante demonstrando associações baixas.--------------------------ABSTRACT: Chronic low back pain is a health condition whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. It is a condition that can be quite disabling for the individual and therefore have important social and economic impact on society. It is a complex phenomenon, multifactorial and poorly studied in the Portuguese population. Objective: To study the association between pain catastrophizing, fear avoidance beliefs, pain, pain intensity and self-reported functional disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. Methods: Observational analytical cross sectional study of a sample of 38 individuals with chronic low back pain, selected from a population of 186 workers at a local health unit. Data collection was performed through four assessment instruments: questionnaire characterization, evaluation of risk factors and impact associated to chronic low back pain, questionnaire Roland and Morris disability, pain catastrophizing scale and fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics for the distribution of frequencies and measures of central tendency to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the sample and inferential statistics to study the relationships between variables by testing for Spearman nonparametric correlation. Results: The pain catastrophizing variable had a correlation value rs= 0,473, p<0,01 with the self-reported disability, the variable of fear avoidance belief of pain related to the work achived a correlation value with the self-reported disability, rs = 0.462 p <0.01, current pain intensity and in the previous year obtained values of correlation with self-reported disability rs = 0.327 and rs = 0.359 respectively for values of p <0.05 .Conclusion: The psychosocial variables of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance belief of pain related to the work had a moderate association with disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. The association between pain intensity and disability seems to have a less important role demonstrating low associations.

Contributo para a validação da versão portuguesa do instrumento de avaliação VOICE (service users perceptions of impatient care, Views on Inpatient Care)

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos assistiu-se a um reposicionamento das pessoas portadoras de doença mental na sociedade, no sentido de viverem em pleno os seus direitos, sem restrições. Esta tendência acompanhou as transformações que se têm vivido na forma como os utentes dos serviços de saúde interagem com os mesmos e com os profissionais de saúde, de forma a permitir uma maior autonomização e responsabilização no que concerne ao tratamento da sua doença, a relação que estabelecem com o seu médico, e a participação na avaliação e monitorização da qualidade dos serviços. Mais recentemente, também no mundo científico, esta afirmação se fez sentir, com o surgimento de investigação liderada por utentes, no sentido de estudar de forma adequada questões que partem do seu ponto de vista, e que possibilitem a produção de conhecimento significativa no contexto das suas experiências. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se contribuir para a validação da versão portuguesa do VOICE (Service Users’ Perceptions of Inpatient Care, Views on Inpatient Care) (Evans et al., 2012), instrumento para a avaliação dos serviços de internamento de agudos em psiquiatria, construído a partir de um investigação liderado por utentes e partindo das suas perspectiva. O VOICE é constituído por 19 questões, agrupadas em sete domínios: admissão; cuidados e tratamento; medicação; equipa de técnicos do internamento; terapia e atividades; ambiente e diferenças. O presente estudo envolveu uma amostra de 85 utentes de um serviço de internamento de agudos de uma instituição psiquiátrica do Norte de Portugal. A versão portuguesa do VOICE apresentou boa aceitação por parte dos utentes e boas características psicométricas - a consistência interna foi alta (α = 0,87) e todos, exceto um item (item 6), apresentam elevadas correlações item-total (variando de 0,18 - item 6 a 0,71 - item 11; M = 0,54, DP = 0,15), sugerindo ser um instrumento útil na avaliação dos serviços de internamento de agudos. No futuro torna-se necessário alargar o estudo a outros contextos de internamento e envolvendo amostras mais alargadas.-------------- ABSTRACT: In recent years there has been a gradual process to help people with the experience of mental illness regaining their full rights. Following the advances in the understanding of mental health problems, and the use of medication to help patients overcome symptoms, service-users have become more autonomous and responsible in the way they deal with health professionals, and are now called to participate in assessing and monitoring mental health services and policies. In the context of these transformations we have assisted to the emergence of research led by service-users (in this case of psychiatric and mental health services) in order to emphasize their point of view, and to enable the production of significant knowledge resulting from their experiences, and perceptions. The present study aims to contribute to the dissemination of service-user led research, based on the adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the VOICE - Service Users' Perceptions Questionnaire, Views on Inpatient Care. (Evans et al., 2012). The VOICE is composed of 19 questions, grouped in seven domains: admissions, care and treatment, medication, team of technicians during hospitalization, therapy and activities, environment and diversity. The present study involved a sample of 85 inpatient of a psychiatric institution in Northern Portugal. The Portuguese version of the VOICE showed good psychometric properties and was well accepted by patients [high internal consistency (α = 0,87); and high correlation of each item, except item 6, with the total score (ranging from 0.18 on item 6 to 0.71 on item 11; average=0,54; SD=0,15), suggesting it to be a useful tool for assessing inpatient services. In the future there is a need to extend the study to other contexts and include larger samples.

Aprendizagem baseada na resolução de problemas: uma experiência pedagógica com alunos de um Curso de Especialização Tecnológica

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Informática

Segmentação morfológica e dificuldades de leitura em crianças com perturbações de leitura e escrita

O presente estudo pretende verificar se existe uma correlação entre consciência morfológica e desempenho em leitura e escrita (mais precisamente, na componente de leitura) em crianças com e sem dificuldades ou perturbação de leitura e escrita. Para cumprir este objetivo, aplicou-se, numa amostra de crianças falantes de português europeu, dois instrumentos de avaliação: o “Teste de Idade de Leitura” e uma Prova de Consciência Morfológica, especificamente criada para o efeito. O grupo experimental (GE) inclui crianças com diagnóstico de dificuldades ou perturbação de leitura e escrita; o grupo de controlo (GC) não. Após a análise dos dados, conclui-se que existe uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de crianças em estudo, uma vez que o GC revela um desempenho superior ao GE em ambas as provas aplicadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram ainda uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho das crianças no domínio de leitura e o desempenho das crianças ao nível da consciência morfológica. A correlação mostra-se consideravelmente mais forte no GE do que no GC. Deste modo, conclui-se que a estimulação da consciência morfológica pode efetivamente facilitar e auxiliar o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem leitora em crianças, sobretudo em crianças com dificuldades nestes domínios.

A Process Analysis of Males and Females who Attended a Community Based Addiction Treatment Service: Towards an Expanded Paradigm

A process analysis was conducted in a community - based treatment programme for alcohol abuse. The aims of the study were: to evaluate assessment instruments and measures; to measure change following treatment; to monitor gender differences; to assess the importance of early and current relationships; and to evaluate the effects of therapists. Subjects (n=145, males 83/females 62) completed a semi-structured interview schedule, Severity of Alcohol Dependency Questionnaire (SADQ), Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD); General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12), and Alcohol Problems Questionnaire (APQ). A further three non-standardised self-rated measures were devised by the author. Included was the opportunity to obtain qualitative data. Follow up data was collected at 3, 9 and 15 months following first assessment. The SADD, APQ and consumption measures using detailed drink diaries proved the most relevant assessment measures. Following treatment, there was significant reduction in clients' dependency levels at 3 months, maintained through 9 and 15 months. Key client-rated changes were progress in reducing consumption and alcohol problems leading to a better quality of life and health. Qualitative data augmented these quantitative results. Psychological and acquired cognitive behavioural skills emerged as the main reasons for positive change and the treatment programme was found to have played a significant role in their acquisition. It appears that addressing marital problems can lead to a reduction in alcohol dependency levels. Gender analysis showed that males and females were similar in demographic characteristics, alcohol history details and dependence levels. It was concluded that the differences found did not necessitate different treatment programmes for women. Early family relationships were more problematic for females. Therapist performance varied and that variance was reflected in their clients' outcomes.This resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.

Substance abuse treatment for persons with co-occurring disorders.

This TIP, Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders, revises TIP 9, Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. The revised TIP provides information about new developments in the rapidly growing field of co-occurring substance use and mental disorders and captures the state-of-the-art in the treatment of people with co-occurring disorders. The TIP focuses on what the substance abuse treatment clinician needs to know and provides that information in an accessible manner. The TIP synthesizes knowledge and grounds it in the practical realities of clinical cases and real situations so the reader will come away with increased knowledge, encouragement, and resourcefulness in working with clients with co-occurring disorders. Contents: Executive Summary â?¢ 1 Introduction  2 Definitions, Terms, and Classification Systems for Co-Occurring Disorders  3 Keys to Successful Programming  4 Assessment  5 Strategies for Working With Clients With Co-Occurring Disorders  6 Traditional Settings and Models  7 Special Settings and Specific Populations  8 A Brief Overview of Specific Mental Disorders and Cross-Cutting Issues 9 Substance-Induced Disorders Appendix A: Bibliography Appendix B: Acronyms  Appendix C: Glossary of Terms Appendix D: Specific Mental Disorders: Additional Guidance for the Counselor  Appendix E: Emerging Models â?¢ Appendix F: Common Medications for Disorders  Appendix G: Screening and Assessment Instruments  Appendix H: Screening Instruments  Appendix I: Selected Sources of Training  Appendix J: Dual Recovery Mutual Self-Help Programs and Other Resources for Consumers and Providers  Appendix K: Confidentiality  Appendix L: Resource Panel  Appendix M: Cultural Competency and Diversity Network Participants Appendix N: Field ReviewersThis resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.

Etude prospective d'évaluation psychiatrique et pédagogique dans un service pour adolescents de la Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France. Méthodologie et résultats préliminaires [Prospective study of psychiatric and pedagogic evaluation of the adolescent service of the Student Health Foundation of France. Methodology and preliminary results].

The present prospective study, with a five-year follow-up, presents an extensive psychiatric and educational assessment of an adolescent population (N = 30) in the age range 14-20, suffering from several psychiatric disorders, though apt to follow a normal academic program. The residential settings where the study took place provide both psychiatric and schooling facilities. In this environment, what is the effectiveness of long-term hospitalization? Are there any criteria for predicting results? After discharge, could social adjustments difficulties be prevented? Assessment instruments are described and the results of one preliminary study are presented. The actual data seems to confirm the impact of the special treatment facilities combining schooling and psychiatric settings on the long term outcome of adolescents.

Host- rather than virus-related factors reduce health-related quality of life in hepatitis C virus infection.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although HCV has been suggested to directly impair neuropsychiatric functions, other factors may also play a role. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the impact of various host-, disease- and virus-related factors on HRQOL in a large, unselected population of anti-HCV-positive subjects. All individuals (n = 1736) enrolled in the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study (SCCS) were asked to complete the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: 833 patients (48%) returned the questionnaires. Survey participants had significantly worse scores in both assessment instruments when compared to a general population. By multivariable analysis, reduced HRQOL (mental and physical summary scores of SF-36) was independently associated with income. In addition, a low physical summary score was associated with age and diabetes, whereas a low mental summary score was associated with intravenous drug use. HADS anxiety and depression scores were independently associated with income and intravenous drug use. In addition, HADS depression score was associated with diabetes. None of the SF-36 or HADS scores correlated with either the presence or the level of serum HCV RNA. In particular, SF-36 and HADS scores were comparable in 555 HCV RNA-positive and 262 HCV RNA-negative individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HCV-positive subjects have decreased HRQOL compared to controls. The magnitude of this decrease was clinically important for the SF-36 vitality score. Host and environmental, rather than viral factors, seem to impact on HRQOL level.

A short screener is valid for assessing mediterranean diet adherence among older spanish men and women

Ensuring the accuracy of dietary assessment instruments is paramount for interpreting diet-disease relationships. The present study assessed the relative and construct validity of the 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) used in the Prevencio´n con Dieta Mediterra´nea (PREDIMED) study, a primary prevention nutrition-intervention trial. A validated FFQ and the MEDAS were administered to 7146 participants of the PREDIMED study. The MEDASderived PREDIMED score correlated significantly with the corresponding FFQ PREDIMED score (r = 0.52; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.51) and in the anticipated directions with the dietary intakes reported on the FFQ. Using Bland Altman"s analysis, the average MEDAS Mediterranean diet score estimate was 105% of the FFQ PREDIMED score estimate. Limits of agreement ranged between 57 and 153%. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that a higher PREDIMED score related directly (P , 0.001) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and inversely (P , 0.038) to BMI, waist circumference, TG, the TG:HDL-C ratio, fasting glucose, and the cholesterol:HDL-C ratio. The 10-y estimated coronary artery disease risk decreased as the PREDIMED score increased (P , 0.001). The MEDAS is a valid instrument for rapid estimation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may be useful in clinical practice.

A short screener is valid for assessing mediterranean diet adherence among older spanish men and women

Ensuring the accuracy of dietary assessment instruments is paramount for interpreting diet-disease relationships. The present study assessed the relative and construct validity of the 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) used in the Prevencio´n con Dieta Mediterra´nea (PREDIMED) study, a primary prevention nutrition-intervention trial. A validated FFQ and the MEDAS were administered to 7146 participants of the PREDIMED study. The MEDASderived PREDIMED score correlated significantly with the corresponding FFQ PREDIMED score (r = 0.52; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.51) and in the anticipated directions with the dietary intakes reported on the FFQ. Using Bland Altman"s analysis, the average MEDAS Mediterranean diet score estimate was 105% of the FFQ PREDIMED score estimate. Limits of agreement ranged between 57 and 153%. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that a higher PREDIMED score related directly (P , 0.001) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and inversely (P , 0.038) to BMI, waist circumference, TG, the TG:HDL-C ratio, fasting glucose, and the cholesterol:HDL-C ratio. The 10-y estimated coronary artery disease risk decreased as the PREDIMED score increased (P , 0.001). The MEDAS is a valid instrument for rapid estimation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may be useful in clinical practice.