Assédio moral e atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho

Inclui notas explicativas e bibliografia

Assédio moral na administração pública e a responsabilidade civil do estado

The social and economic changes of the last decades have enhanced the dehumanization of labor relations and the deterioration of the work environment, by the adoption of management models that foster competitiveness and maximum productivity, making it susceptible to the practice of workplace bullying. Also called mobbing, bullying can occur through actions, omissions, gestures, words, writings, always with the intention of attacking the self-esteem of the victim and destroy it psychologically. In the public sector, where relations based on hierarchy prevail, and where the functional stability makes it difficult to punish the aggressor, bullying reaches more serious connotations, with severe consequences to the victim. The Federal Constitution of 1988, by inserting the Human Dignity as a fundamental principle of the Republic, the ruler of the entire legal system, sought the enforcement of fundamental rights, through the protection of honor and image of the individual, and ensuring reparation for moral and material damage resulting from its violation. Therefore, easy to conclude that the practice of moral violence violates fundamental rights of individuals, notably the employee's personality rights. This paper therefore seeked to analyze the phenomenon of bullying in the workplace, with emphasis on the harassment practiced in the public sector as well as the possibility of state liability for harassment committed by its agents. From a theoretical and descriptive methodology, this work intended to study the constitutional, infra and international rules that protect workers against this practice, emphasizing on the fundamental rights violated. With this research, it was found that doctrine and jurisprudence converge to the possibility of state objective liability for damage caused by its agents harassers, not forgetting the possibility of regressive action against the responsible agent, as well as its criminal and administrative accountability.

Da voz que cala ao corpo que fala: o assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho como desafio para o serviço social

The changes ocurred in the world of capitalist labor, especially from the last decades of the 20th century, accentuated the process of manipulation and domination of the working class, materialized mainly through naturalization and / or trivialization of violence, conducted in the work environment. From this process, emerge the elements of bullying, that is, the embarrassing and humiliating practices which extend through time, degrading human race, and becoming fruitful object for study, debate and the intervention of the professionals of the Social Service area. Thus, we assume the perspective of analyzing the concepts and the work of social workers, whom work at people management area before the bullying in the workplace. We propose the following objectives: apprehend the settings of bullying, in the contemporary context of competitiveness and flexibility of work, as well as its implications for workers' health; characterize the background of this expression of violence at work in the municipality of Natal- RN; and analyze the powers and duties of the social worker in the process of prevention, identification and addressing of bullying in the context of work. This study consisted of a qualitative approach, based on the dialectical-critical method as soon as we adopt methodological procedures such as: theoretical knowledge, documental and field research, and performed using semi-structured interviews. The subjects of this research were nine (09) the Social Service professionals working in personnel management area, in five (5) institutions with legal and branches of different activities, located in Natal-RN. Even interviewed one (01) representative of the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte Office (MPT-RN). The findings of this analysis indicate that bullying is a contemporary expression of "social question", which is presented as a demand for the Social-assistants – covered up and / or camuflage – under the guise of problems related to workers' health or mere conflicts of interpersonal relationships, that is, without any causal connection with the organization of work. The fear of losing job, not to be inserted in the labor market, and / or suffering reprisals, deepens the subject levels of the victims of bullying. Hence the importance of Social Workers are capable to understand the social reality, by preventing and combating the elements of bullying.

"A firma é forte": trabalho, crime e consumo nas redes de sociabilidade da "violência urbana"

Esta tese argumenta que aquilo que Alba Zaluar chamou de ética do provedor, quer dizer, a prática em torno da qual o trabalhador pobre urbano e favelado construía a sua identidade em relação à do bandido, sofreu uma metamorfose, cujo resultado foi a emergência de uma ordem de interação sui generis inscrita nas redes de sociabilidade da violência urbana. A ética do provedor metamorfoseou-se em uma lealdade instrumental e isso deu origem a uma espécie de vínculo social armado e impulsionado internamente como uma forma de convívio capaz de forçar as relações de rotina em dois movimentos concomitantes, de aproximação e de separação de quem vive e circula nessas redes de sociabilidade da violência urbana. O estudo da forma de convívio é feito a partir da construção de uma coleção de relatos baseada em entrevistas com um grupo heterogêneo de tipos sociais por exemplo, trabalhador favelado, ex-traficante, familiar de bandido, policial militar, policial civil, militar das Forças Armadas, jornalista, fotógrafo, professor da rede pública, pesquisador, militante de Direitos Humanos, advogado etc. , e, também, da observação flutuante em três favelas, uma delas com tráfico de drogas a varejo armado e ostensivo e as outras duas com Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs). Assim, a coleção de relatos e a observação flutuante são articuladas num recorte transversal e não linear orientado para a abordagem dessa ordem de interação emergida por contiguidade entre a ordem social convencional e a violenta, visando capturar a dimensão intersubjetiva e empírica da forma de convívio que junta e separa, simultaneamente, as pessoas que vivem sob ameaça da violência física, do assédio moral e da corrupção do dinheiro, fatores altamente coercitivos e que produzem os deslizamentos de sentido entre as categorias crime, trabalho e consumo.

Análise comparativa entre mobbing e dimensões do burnout nos servidores da justiça do trabalho

O presente estudo, epidemiológico e de caráter exploratório, tem como objeti-vo analisar, comparativamente, as relações entre mobbing (assédio moral) e as di-mensões da Síndrome de Burnout em servidores da justiça do trabalho. A escolha deste tópico de pesquisa é justificada pelo aumento dos números estatísticos e pela evidência empírica de que o burnout é o dano mais prevalente que acomete vítimas de mobbing. Os 552 participantes desta pesquisa constituem uma amostra repre-sentativa, extraída de uma população de 3239 servidores públicos. O respectivo plano amostral levou em consideração variáveis sócio-demográficas, entre as quais: gênero, cargo, escolaridade e outras de relevância para a pesquisa. Foram quatro os instrumentos de medida aplicados nos participantes: um questionário sócio-demográfico, a Escala de Percepção do Assédio Moral no Trabalho - EP-AMT (Mar-tins; Ferraz, 2008), a Escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral no Trabalho - EIA-AMT (Martins; Ferraz, 2008) e o Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey MBI-GS (Maslach; Schaufeli, 1993). Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os softwares SPSS V17, Minitab 16 e Excel Office 2010 e, para medir a significância entre as amostras, foi utilizada a estatística t de Student. Os resultados desta investigação permitem identificar a existência de interfaces entre os construtos mobbing e bur-nout. Além disso, os dados gerados pela pesquisa favorecem a construção de indi-cadores úteis ao planejamento de ações em políticas públicas de prevenção, anteci-pação, identificação, intervenção e enfrentamento de casos de assédio moral e bur-nout no ambiente laboral, com conseqüente preservação da saúde mental dos traba-lhadores desse segmento.

Os sentidos do trabalho e a importância da resiliência nas organizações

O presente estudo visa determinar quais os fatores de sofrimento e os fatores de resiliência (de proteção) utilizados pelos trabalhadores de duas unidades industriais de um mesmo grupo multinacional, buscando compreender um pouco mais a relação entre o trabalho, seus sentidos e significados, e a saúde física e mental das pessoas encarregadas de executá-lo, explorando o fato de que os indivíduos, em geral, conseguem evitar a doença e o sofrimento apesar das pressões que devem enfrentar em seu dia-a- dia. O problema fundamental da pesquisa era o de identificar, as causas mais freqüentes de sofrimento entre os trabalhadores de uma empresa e os mecanismos ou fatores de suporte existentes que lhes garantissem obter, através das atividades desempenhadas, o senso de utilidade, conferindo-lhes assim dignidade e a possibilidade de auto-realização. Procurava-se ainda definir, se possível, ações capazes de alterar o destino de sofrimento dos mesmos e favorecer sua transformação, de modo a fortalecer a identidade dos indivíduos, aumentando assim suas resistências aos riscos de desestabilização psíquica e somática. Os resultados indicaram que entre as principais causas de sofrimento nas organizações encontram-se a pressão e responsabilidade do trabalho, a incapacidade de aceitar próprias falhas, a culpa pela desinformação, a falta de tempo para a família, a falta de apoio de pares / superiores, a frustração e a falta de domínio sobre o futuro, a falta de reconhecimento, o “conteúdo significativo" do trabalho insuficiente (pouca liberdade de criação, autonomia das atividades, rotina), tarefas estafantes, repetitivas e pesadas e que demandem esforço físico elevado, doença e suas conseqüências (discriminação, vergonha e sentimento de inutilidade), medo da perda do emprego, obrigação de ter que efetuar cortes, enxugamento ou redução de pessoal e por fim, assédio Moral. Por último, foi possível identificar nas falas dos entrevistados os mesmos fatores de proteção encontrados na literatura clássica sobre sobreviventes de situações traumáticas, conhecidos como fatores de resiliência, isto é: vontade de viver, auto-estima, amor-próprio, respeito próprio, esperança, crença, autonomia, iniciativa pessoal, autodeterminação, busca de significado para a vida, auto-afirmação, preservação da identidade, curiosidade e capacidade de estabelecer bons relacionamentos.

A banalização da injustiça social no cotidiano de trabalho : a propósito da violência no trabalho e ameaça à saúde do trabalhador

Analyzes the factors that unleash violence by banalization of the problems and health questions of workers in a federal public institution, in Natal/RN. It analyzes transformations in the world of the work, with its politic, social and economic determinatives and its relation to the worker health. Boarding the violence in the work enviroment and its implications to the worker health, focusing on the banalization of problems faced by the workers as a kind of violence in and with the work. It was chosen an analitic methodology with qualitative approach, through the collection tecnic and information analyzes according to the thematic oral history, with recorders of authorized personal narratives, through individual interview with a semi-structured guide. In the analyzis of results it were made empiric cathegories: the daily work enviroment and its influence to the worker profession and life; the violence presents in the work enviroment and its consequences to the worker life and health; the banalization of the social injustice, due to violence against the worker that broked their dreams concerned to the nursing contribution. The results revealed the ordinary work of these workers showing enviromental and organizational unhealthy conditions, caracterized by physical and tecnical insecurity; absence and disqualification of instrumental and human supplies; overload and complexity service; bad distribution of the duties and pressure to the deadline and productivity, producing tension, conflict and anxiety related to the users, colleagues, superiors and to the duties. In the work enviroment, it were identified a external violence, caracterized by physical and verbal aggresion, psychic suffering, worker depreciation; and internal, caracterized by: moral and psychological molestations and accupational structural violence. These kinds of violence bring consequences to the life, that is, professional, economic and moral order of factors and to the health by biological, mental and emocional factors. The banalization of social injustice during the daily work was discussed in the aspects of banalization of problems and work conditions, the health, qualification banalizations and professional valorization. The workers expectatives pointed out to the necessity of: secure conditions of work; trainning and tecnical assistance; politics of attention to the physical, mental and social health to the workers and their family. We conclude the enviromental and organizational conditions of the workers interviewed do not offer physical and tecnical security that they need to the execution of their activities, neither offer comfort or physical and psychological satisfactions. The politic the instituition has used points out to the depreciation and inhumanization of them producing feelings as unsatisfaction, frustation and indignation related to the institution and the work, bringing suffering and physical and mental sicking. We noticed the most terrible violence found in the work enviroment is the banalization of social injustice related do the problems and health of these workers, producing a slowly debility and simbolic death of their lifes. Therefore, it is necessary the implementation of a politic that promotes assurance, health and integral education, valorization and humanization of these workers

Violência ocupacional contra profissionais de saúde em um hospital de urgência. natal/rn, 2009

Descriptive exploratory study, with quantitative approach, with data collected from April to May 2009, aiming to identify the types of occupational violence affecting professionals on the nursing and medical staff in an emergency hospital service in Natal/RN, over the last 12 months; to identify emergency sectors where occupational violence episodes took place; to characterize aggressors on each type of occupational violence; to know the procedures adopted after each violent act targeting nursing and medical staff professionals; and to know the consequences of violence suffered by the nursing and medical staff professionals. The sample consisted of 26 nurses, 95 nursing assistants/technicians and 124 physicians, for a total of 245 professionals. The results showed that 50.61% of the professionals were women, aged 41 to 45 (22.45%), with post-graduate studies (51.43%), married (60.82%); 21.22% had 16 to 20 years of experience in the profession and in emergency practice; working 40 weekly hours (86.12%); and working both the day shift and the night shift (70.21%); 27.35% consider violence to be a part of their profession and the patient s companions as an important risk factor (86.53%); couldn t inform whether there was a specific established procedure for reporting occupational violence (45.71%); 73.06% suffered occupational violence in the 12 months; 70.20% verbal assault, 24.08% moral harassment, 6.12% physical assault, and 3.67% sexual harassment; 66.67% of the patients took part in the physical assault; the companions, in verbal assault (58.14%); and the health staff in moral harassment (69.49%); facing episodes violence, 37.65% of the professionals reported the fact to their co-workers; 57.25% uffered from stress as a consequence; on 4.71% of the episodes the professionals had to be bsent from work, resulting in 75 days of occupational violence-related absence. We conclude here was a high rate of occupational violence in the researched population, with verbal ssault and moral harassment as the most frequent violence types. Because factors related to ccupational violence were very diverse, actions seeking to confront this problem shouldn t be limited to the work environment itself. Education ought to be one of the most effective ctions for avoiding or minimizing these events occurrence