Racionalidad y creencia religiosa en el pensamiento de Norman Malcolm

Este artículo explora un tema central en la filosofía de la religión actual: la relación entre la razón y la fe, a partir de la controversia que genera la defensa de Norman Malcolm del argumento ontológico de San Anselmo. Dado que Malcolm es conocido por su postura fideísta, surge la cuestión de cómo es posible que defienda al mismo tiempo dos posiciones que parecen contrarias: por un lado, que las demostraciones racionales son irrelevantes para producir la fe y, por el otro, que haya un argumento a favor de la existencia de Dios que pueda ser considerado válido. Esta posición se puede entender a partir de la tesis propuesta en este trabajo que consiste en sostener que si bien la fe religiosa no se obtiene por argumentos, la argumentación racional tiene un lugar dentro de la fe, el cual consiste en ayudar a comprender por la razón aquello que se cree. Este trabajo intenta mostrar que la postura de Malcolm no es contradictoria en tanto que implica la diferencia entre la creencia "que Dios existe", la cual sería el objeto de los argumentos racionales y no supone ninguna práctica o devoción religiosa, y la creencia "en Dios", la cual a la vez que presupone que Dios existe, constituye el tipo de creencia propiamente religiosa que se entiende en términos de confianza, fe y devoción.

Alvin Laroy Duckett Papers - Accession 36

The Alvin Laroy Duckett Papers consist of correspondence, lecture notes, reading lists, tests and newspaper clippings relating to Dr. Duckett’s position as a professor of history at Winthrop College (1950-1967). Also included is a thesis (1956) and a rough draft, final draft, and book reviews pertaining to his book John Forsyth: Political Tactician (1962). Although the papers range from 1941 to about 1966, the greater part of the collection concerns the years of his employment at Winthrop.

Absolute abundances of benthic foraminifers and stable isotopes from the Alvin dives 3709-3712

The presence of gas hydrates on the Blake Ridge diapir, northeastern Atlantic Ocean, offers an opportunity to study the impact of methane seepage on the ecology and geochemistry of benthic foraminifera in the late Holocene. Three push cores, covering a time span of ~ 1000 yrs, were retrieved from three distinct microhabitats at the top of the diapir at a water depth of ~ 2150 m: (i) sediments away from seepage (control core), (ii) sediments overlain by clusters of methanotrophic and thiotrophic bivalves, and (iii) chemoautotrophic microbial mats. The foraminiferal assemblages at the two seep sites are marked by a reduction in benthic foraminiferal species diversity, coupled with a near-absence of agglutinated species. However, an opportunistic population rise in CH4- or H2S-tolerant calcareous species (e.g., Globocassidulina subglobosa and Cassidulina laevigata) that utilize the abundant trophic resources at the seeps has led to an increase in the overall assemblage density there. The delta18O and delta13C values of three species of benthic foraminifera - Gyroidinoides laevigatus, Globocassidulina subglobosa, and Uvigerina peregrina - and the planktonic species Globorotalia menardii were acquired from all three cores. The benthic species from methane seeps yield delta13C values of 0.1 to - 4.2 (per mil VPDB), that are distinctly more 13C-depleted relative to the delta13C of 0.4 to - 1.0 (per mil VPDB) at the control (off seep) site. The species from a mussel-bed site exhibit more negative delta13C values than those from microbial mats, possibly reflecting different food sources and higher rate of anaerobic oxidation of methane. The positive delta13C values in the paired planktonic species suggest that authigenic carbonate precipitation did not overprint the observed 13C depletions. Hence the probable cause of negative delta13C of benthic foraminifera is primary calcification from Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) containing mixed carbon fractions from (a) highly 13C-depleted, microbially-oxidized methane and (b) a seawater source.