Influencia de la fertilización edáfica NPK sobre el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de la cebolla (Allium cepa L.) cv. Toro white en el valle de Sebaco

Se realizó un estudio sobre fertilización N-P_K en el cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepaL) cv Tcro White, en terrenos de la cooperativa “Leonel Valdivia del Valle de Sebaco, entre los meses de Noviembre 1989- Marzo 1986, con el objetivo de determinar que tratamiento induce el mejor comportamiento agronómico y produce la mejor relación beneficio coste. Se estudiaron cuatro niveles de Nitrógeno (0, 50,y 150 kg /ha) tres de fosforo (0,50 y 100 kg/ha), y tres de potasio (3,20 y 40 kg/ha). Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó un diseño de bloques Completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, los tratamientos evaluados se obtuvieron mediante un arreglo combinatorio de un trifactorial modificado. Se determinó que el tratamiento 100-100-20 kilogramos por hectárea de Nitrógeno, Fosforo y potasio respectivamente presentó la mejor estabilidad, ya que siempre indujo a obtener respuesta agronómicas, además de producir la mejor relación beneficio consto obteniendo un ingreso neto de C$ 1.158.188.6/ha con una tasa de retorno marginal de C$ 10.45 por cada córdoba invertido.

Evaluación agronómica e industrial de doce cultivares de cebolla (Allium cepa L) en el Valle de Sébaco

Con el objetivo de comparar los materiales introducidos de Cebolla (Allium cepa L) con los materiales mejorados de Sebaqueña (material criollo) en las condiciones agroecológicas del Valle de Sébaco, en relación a su comportamiento agronómico e industrial, se estableció un ensayo en B.C.A. en la Estación Experimental "Raúl González" del Valle de Sébaco, en 1990. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron 12 cultivares en total. En base a los resultados obtenidos se determinó que : El cultivar mejorado Sebaqueña Selección Precoz y Latente presentó un alto rendimiento potencial de bulbo, con 19.062 ton/ha, superado solo por cultivares introducidos estables ccon Ringer Grano PRR con 21.59 ton/ha y Yellow Granex con 21.20 ton/ha, destacándose este cultivar criollo como un cultivar muy promisorio en el futuro. Para la industria de cebolla deshidratada los cultivares de Sebaquena representan una excelente obtuvieron un alto rendimiento industrial alternativa, con 12.7, ya que 12.11, y 11.66 X de sólidos Solubles, solamente superado por Dehydrator No. 3 con 14.2 X de Sólidos Solubles.

~(12)C~(6+)高能重离子辐照大葱损伤及其分子生物学效应；Cytological Damage and Molecular Biology Effect of ~(12)C~(6+) Heavy Ions on Allium fistulosum L.

利用30,90,180Gy3种剂量的12C6+重离子束辐照大葱种子,研究其在细胞水平和农艺性状的诱变效应并进行RAPD分析。通过与M1代的研究结果比较后表明:经过不同剂量12C6+重离子照射后能有效地诱导大葱细胞形成微核和染色体畸变,这种诱变效应,在M2代仍然有所表现。M1代大葱结果期的株高、白长、花序直径和种子产量随辐照剂量增加产生明显差别,其中30Gy辐照组增幅最大。大葱总水溶性蛋白质和维生素C的含量在30Gy组中积累最多,在90Gy组有明显下降。与M1代一致,M2代中大葱染色体微核率及RAPD分析所得的DNA多态性比率仍然与辐照剂量呈正相关,但比率整体下降;说明高能量重离子辐照造成的DNA变异在M2代被修复和淘汰。

Origin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic Milula (Liliaceae): further insights from karyological comparisons with Allium

Milula, a monotypic genus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, was found to be nested deeply within Allium by the molecular phylogeny despite the aberrant morphology. It remains unknown what had contributed to the rapid evolution of morphology and origin of this exceptional species. In contrast to a previous report of its karyotypes with 2n = 16 = 8M+8SM (2SAT), similar to most species of Allium, a rather different karyotype, 2n = 20 = 4M +10SM+6T (2SAT), was found in examined 31 individuals from 6 populations of M. spicata distributed in the central Tibet. Karyotypes of 7 Allium species occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were further reported. The basic number x = 8 was confirmed for all of them and their karyotypes consist mainly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes with rare subterminal and terminal chromosomes. The karyotype of M. spicata is distinctly different from that of most Allium species occurring in the plateau through a complete comparison of all available species in this region and adjacent areas. However, the same chromosome number and similar karyotypic structure were found in A. fasciculatum of Sect. Bromatorrhiza, indicating a possible close relationship between them. But this similarity is contradictory to the preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis that Milula was closely related to A. cyathophorum of Sect. Bromatorrhiza with x=8, but the other species with x=10 and 11 in this section were clearly placed in the other clade. We therefore suggested that the paralleling evolution from x=8 to x=9, 10 and 11 with increasing asymmetry of karyotype possibly due to the chromosomal Robertsonian translocation might occur separately in the two recognized phylogenetic lineages of Allium. In addition to aneuploidy and following change of the chromosomal structures, the habitat isolation due to the recent uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Quaternary climatic oscillation, plays a greater role in origin of Milula and other endemic species (genera) with aberrant morphology from their progenitors.

Parámetros biológicos y poblacionales de dos especies de Neotoxoptera Theobald (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) sobre ciboulette (Allium schoenoprasum L.) en condiciones de laboratorio

p.99-104

Interactions of onion (Allium cepa) and yellow wax bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in monoculture and intercropping with weeds, Chenopodium album and Amaranthus hybridus

Intercropping systems are seen as advantageous as they can provide higher crop yield and diversity along with fewer issues related to pests and weeds than monocultures. However, plant interactions in intercropped crop species and between crops and weeds in these systems are still not well understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate interactions between onion (Allium cepa) and yellow wax bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in monocultures and intercropping with and without the presence of a weed species, either Chenopodium album or Amaranthus hybridus. Another objective of this study was to compare morphological traits of C. album from two different populations (conventional vs. organic farms). Using a factorial randomized block design, both crop species were planted either in monoculture or intercropped with or without the presence of one of the two weeds. The results showed that intercropping onion with yellow wax bean increased the growth of onion but decreased the growth of yellow wax bean when compared to monocultures. The relative yield total (RYT) value was 1.3. Individual aboveground dry weight of both weed species under intercropping was reduced about 5 times when compared to the control. The poor growth of weeds in intercropping might suggest that crop diversification can help resist weed infestations. A common garden experiment indicated that C. album plants from the conventional farm had larger leaf area and were taller than those from the organic farm. This might be associated with specific evolutionary adaptation of weeds to different farming practices. These findings contribute to the fundamental knowledge of crop-crop interactions, crop-weed competition and adaptation of weeds to various conditions. They provide insights for the management of diversified cropping systems and integrated weed management as practices in sustainable agriculture.

Evaluación del potencial de producción de semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) cultivar eclipse L-303 en 5 fechas de siembra y 3 densidades de población en Marín, N. L.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Efecto de la corriente eléctrica en la eliminación de virus del ajo (Allium sativum L.)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencas en Producción Agricola) UANL

Cultivo in vitro de brotes de ajo Allium sativum L. de tres variedades obtenidas en Marín, N.L., México. [por] María Luisa Cárdenas Avila

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) U.A.N.L.

Induction of mitotic aberrations by Argon ion lasers in Vicia faba L. and Allium cepa L.

A comparat ive study of the effect oflaser in inducing chro mosomal aberrat ions at 4gg nm was done in View j aba L. (faba bean) and Allium ccpa L. (onion) with Argon ion laser (Spectra Physics Model 171). Seeds and bulbs of V.jaba and A. eepa were subjected to laser irra diation by 4gg nm excitations from Argon ion laser source at power levels 200 and 400 mW with power densities 2.25 mW em" and 4.49 mW em" and ditTerent exposure times (10, 20, 30 & 40 minutes). Similar to the effect of oth er physical and chemical mutagens, laser caused a dose dependent decrease in mitotic index and a rise in mitotic aberrations when compared to the control. In both plant species, mutations were observed in all stages of mitotic cell cycle. The total percentage of aberrations was two fold higher at 400 mW than at 200 mW exposure.

A Comparative study of germination strategies of two species of genus Allium sect. Allium

Germination experiments were performed with seeds of two species of genus Allium section Allium, a rare and endangered species A. pyrenaicum and a common A. sphaerocephalon. Different pre-treatments and a photoperiod of 24 h darkness were applied in order to simulate different germination conditions. Both species showed a high percentage of viable seeds a part of which were dormant. An elevate percentage of dormant seeds could be caused by a later collection time. Low altitude populations had more mortality than the others, possibly caused by the hard summer conditions during flowering and fruiting time. Comparisons between dates of species coexistence localities only show inter-population variability and it could be caused by the detected dormancy. Darkness accelerates germination, possibly for elongation radicle stimulation. Heat-shock pre-treatments decreased germination time in seeds from localities where fire is a probable event. The rarity of A. Pyrenaicum not seems to be caused by restricted germination requirements but is attributable to distinct habitat preferences, related to his altitudinal range of distribution

Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 in onion (Allium cepa) grown at a range of temperatures

Onion (Allium cepa) was grown in the field within temperature gradient tunnels (providing about -2.5degreesC to +2.5degreesC from outside temperatures) maintained at either 374 or 532 mumol mol(-1) CO2. Plant leaf area was determined non-destructively at 7 day intervals until the time of bulbing in 12 combinations of temperature and CO2 concentration. Gas exchange was measured in each plot at the time of bulbing, and the carbohydrate content of the leaf (source) and bulb (sink) was determined. Maximum rate of leaf area expansion increased with mean temperature. Leaf area duration and maximum rate of leaf area expansion were not significantly affected by CO2. The light-saturated rates of leaf photosynthesis (A(sat)) were greater in plants grown at normal than at elevated CO2 concentrations at the same measurement CO2 concentration. Acclimation of photosynthesis decreased with an increase in growth temperature, and with an increase in leaf nitrogen content at elevated CO2. The ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 (C-i/C-a ratio) was 7.4% less for plants grown at elevated compared with normal CO2. A(sat) in plants grown at elevated CO2 was less than in plants grown at normal CO2 when compared at the same C-i Hence, acclimation of photosynthesis was due both to stomatal acclimation and to limitations to biochemical CO2 fixation. Carbohydrate content of the onion bulbs was greater at elevated than at normal CO2. In contrast, carbohydrate content was less at elevated compared with normal CO2 in the leaf sections in which CO2 exchange was measured at the same developmental stage. Therefore, acclimation of photosynthesis in fully expanded onion leaves was detected despite the absence of localised carbohydrate accumulation in these field-grown crops.