Age estimations of calcareous nannofossil biohorizons of the middle Paleocene to early Eocene at ODP Site 208-1262 (Table 1, Appendix B)

Over the last several decades debates on the 'tempo and mode' of evolution have centered on the question whether morphological evolution preferentially occurs gradually or punctuated, i.e., with long periods of stasis alternating with short periods of rapid morphological change and generation of new species. Another major debate is focused on the question whether long-term evolution is driven by, or at least strongly influenced by changes in the environment, or by interaction with other life forms. Microfossils offer a unique opportunity to obtain the large datasets as well as the precision in dating of subsequent samples to study both these questions.We present high-resolution analyses of selected calcareous nannofossils from the deep-sea section recovered at ODP Site 1262 (Leg 208) in the South-eastern Atlantic. The studied section encompasses nannofossil Zones NP4-NP12 (equivalent to CP3-CP10) and Chrons C27r-C24n. We document more than 70 biohorizons occurring over an about 10 Myr time interval, (~62.5 Ma to ~52.5 Ma), and discuss their reliability and reproducibility with respect to previous data, thus providing an improved biostratigraphic framework, which we relate to magnetostratigraphic information, and present for two possible options of a new Paleocene stratigraphic framework based on cyclostratigraphy. This new framework enabled us to tentatively reconstruct steps in the evolution of early Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton through documentation of transitional morphotypes between genera and/or species and of the phylogenetic relations between the genera Fasciculithus, Heliolithus, Discoasteroides and Discoaster, as well as between Rhomboaster and Tribrachiatus. The exceptional record provided by the continuous, composite sequence recovered at Walvis Ridge allows us to describe the mode of evolution among calcareous nannoplankton: new genera and/or new species usually originated through branching of lineages via gradual, but relatively rapid, morphological transitions, as documented by the presence of intermediate forms between the end-member ancestral and descendant forms. Significant modifications in the calcareous nannofossil assemblages are often "related" to significant changes in environmental conditions, but the appearance of structural innovations and radiations within a single genus also occurred during "stable" environmental conditions. These lines of evidence suggest that nannoplankton evolution is not always directly triggered by stressed environmental conditions but could be also driven by endogenous biotic control.

Age model and stable isotopes of sediment cores from north-central Chile and south-central Chile

Terrigenous sediment supply, marine transport, and depositional processes along tectonically active margins are key to decoding turbidite successions as potential archives of climatic and seismic forcings. Sequence stratigraphic models predict coarse-grained sediment delivery to deep-marine sites mainly during sea-level fall and lowstand. Marine siliciclastic deposition during transgressions and highstands has been attributed to sustained connectivity between terrigenous sources and marine sinks facilitated by narrow shelves. To decipher the controls on Holocene highstand turbidite deposition, we analyzed 12 sediment cores from spatially discrete, coeval turbidite systems along the Chile margin (29° - 40°S) with changing climatic and geomorphic characteristics but uniform changes in sea level. Sediment cores from intraslope basins in north-central Chile (29° - 33°S) offshore a narrow to absent shelf record a shut-off of turbidite deposition during the Holocene due to postglacial aridification. In contrast, core sites in south-central Chile (36° - 40°S) offshore a wide shelf record frequent turbidite deposition during highstand conditions. Two core sites are linked to the Biobío river-canyon system and receive sediment directly from the river mouth. However, intraslope basins are not connected via canyons to fluvial systems but yield even higher turbidite frequencies. High sediment supply combined with a wide shelf and an undercurrent moving sediment toward the shelf edge appear to control Holocene turbidite sedimentation and distribution. Shelf undercurrents may play an important role in lateral sediment transport and supply to the deep sea and need to be accounted for in sediment-mass balances.

Variables affecting the success of older applicants for employment in a public organization: An age -cued cognitive model of administrative decision-making

The dissertation takes a multivariate approach to answer the question of how applicant age, after controlling for other variables, affects employment success in a public organization. In addition to applicant age, there are five other categories of variables examined: organization/applicant variables describing the relationship of the applicant to the organization; organization/position variables describing the target position as it relates to the organization; episodic variables such as applicant age relative to the ages of competing applicants; economic variables relating to the salary needs of older applicants; and cognitive variables that may affect the decision maker's evaluation of the applicant. ^ An exploratory phase of research employs archival data from approximately 500 decisions made in the past three years to hire or promote applicants for positions in one public health administration organization. A logit regression model is employed to examine the probability that the variables modify the effect of applicant age on employment success. A confirmatory phase of the dissertation is a controlled experiment in which hiring decision makers from the same public organization perform a simulated hiring decision exercise to evaluate hypothetical applicants of similar qualifications but of different ages. The responses of the decision makers to a series of bipolar adjective scales add support to the cognitive component of the theoretical model of the hiring decision. A final section contains information gathered from interviews with key informants. ^ Applicant age has tended to have a curvilinear relationship with employment success. For some positions, the mean age of the applicants most likely to succeed varies with the values of the five groups of moderating variables. The research contributes not only to the practice of public personnel administration, but is useful in examining larger public policy issues associated with an aging workforce. ^

(Table 1) Age, sex, length, girth and blubber thickness and content of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Kongsfjorden in 2000

This study of vertical fatty acid profiles, based on analysis of 58 fatty acids sampled at 3-mm intervals throughout the blubber column of a model marine mammal, the ringed seal (Pusa hispida), revealed three chemically distinct layers. The average depths of the outer and inner layers were quite consistent (~1.5 and ~1 cm, respectively). Consequently, the middle layer varied greatly in thickness, from being virtually absent in the thinnest animals to 2.5 cm thick in the fattest. The relative consistencies of the thickness and composition of the layers as well as the nature of the fatty acids making up each layer support the generally assumed function of the various layers: (1) the outer layer is primarily structural and thermoregulatory, (2) the inner layer is metabolically active with a fatty acid composition that is strongly affected by recent/ongoing lipid mobilization/deposition, and (3) the middle layer is a storage site that contracts and expands with food availability/consumption. The remarkable dynamics of the middle layer along with the discrete pattern of stratification found in the vertical fatty acid profiles have important implications for methodological sampling design for studies of foraging ecology and toxicology based on analyses of blubber of marine mammals.

Avaliação da idade e maturação óssea em crianças cardiopatas

O estudo do crescimento e desenvolvimento é essencial para a Ortodontia, pois cada criança possui um padrão único. Na presença de doenças sistêmicas como as cardiopatias, um exame mais detalhado deve ser feito, uma vez que estas podem alterar o crescimento e desenvolvimento. Um dos métodos mais utilizados nesta avaliação é a análise da calcificação dos ossos da mão e punho. Porém, as modificações no tamanho e forma das vértebras cervicais vêm sendo muito utilizadas nas últimas décadas pelo fato de ser realizada em radiografias cefalométricas laterais, rotineiramente utilizadas no diagnóstico ortodôntico. Inicialmente, os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a correlação entre os métodos de obtenção da idade óssea e dos estágios de maturação óssea que utilizam os indicadores presentes na região de mão e punho e os presentes nas vértebras cervicais em um grupo de crianças cardiopatas e não cardiopatas. A partir da correlação positiva e significativa, utilizou-se o método das vértebras cervicais para comparar a idade óssea, a diferença entre idade óssea e cronológica e os estágios de maturação óssea entre crianças cardiopatas e não cardiopatas. A amostra foi formada por 120 crianças com idades entre 4,83 a 14,66 anos, atendidas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Entre estas, 73 eram cardiopatas, todas portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas cianóticas e 47 não cardiopatas, que faziam apenas acompanhamento de rotina, com idades médias de 9,3 e 8,9 anos respectivamente. A idade e maturação óssea foram verificadas através de radiografias cefalométricas laterais e carpais. A determinação da idade óssea foi realizada pelo método de Mito et al. nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e pelo método de Greulich e Pyle nas radiografias carpais. E, os estágios de maturação óssea foram obtidos pelo método de Hassel e Farman nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e pelo método de Singer nas radiografias carpais. A correlação entre os métodos de obtenção da idade óssea e dos estágios de maturação óssea apresentou valores positivos e significativos; tanto para o grupo cardiopata, com r = 0,478 (p<0,001) para idade óssea e r = 0,616 (p<0,001) para os estágios de maturação óssea, quanto para o grupo não cardiopata, com r = 0,366 (p=0,024) para idade óssea e r = 0,613 (p<0,001) para os estágios de maturação óssea. As idades ósseas não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,394). As diferenças entre as idades cronológicas e ósseas não apresentaram diferença significativa tanto no grupo cardiopata (p=0,418), quanto para o grupo não cardiopata (p=0,143). Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quando avaliada a quantidade de crianças que apresentavam idade óssea atrasada em relação à idade cronológica (p=0,395). O mesmo ocorreu quando avaliados os gêneros masculino (p = 0,060) e feminino (p = 0,313). A distribuição da amostra pelos estágios de maturação óssea não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p=0,447). Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a cardiopatia congênita, nesta faixa etária avaliada, não altera o padrão de maturação óssea analisado pelas vértebras cervicais.

Celulose em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV