Patas, garras e rastros: marcas de animais na poesia de Adília Lopes

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo olhar para a poesia de Adília Lopes, poetisa portuguesa contemporânea, sob o prisma da zooliteratura, analisando as quatro principais imagens de animais de sua poética gatos, cães, peixes e serpentes. A investigação das várias significações que eles podem adquirir nos poemas adilianos também possibilitará compreender a proposta de desierarquizar a relação com e entre os animais (seja através da relação afetiva, da empatia ou da compaixão). A poetisa problematiza o lugar que os animais ocupam no mundo cotidiano e propõe uma revalorização desses seres. Ela não exclui o diferente, mas o reconhece. Pensar sobre o lugar de importância que os animais escritos têm na obra adiliana tece novos olhares não só sobre essa poética, mas também sobre a relação que se faz, ao longo desses anos, entre os animais e os seres humanos.

Percepción de la transición a la maternidad: estudio fenomenológico en la provincia de Barcelona

Objetivos: Describir necesidades y experiencias de madres con hijos menores de un año, identificar los factores que dificultan la transición a la maternidad y orientar en el contenido de un programa de promoción de la salud a desarrollar en sesiones grupales de apoyo a la maternidad. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Emplazamiento: Ocho centros de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Barcelona, entre julio de 2011 y julio de 2012. Participantes: Un total de 21 madres que participan en dinámicas grupales de apoyo a la maternidad. Método: Selección opinática de las participantes en las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las transcripciones se analizaron en su estructura (análisis de contenido latente) y contenido (análisis de contenido manifiesto), obteniéndose diferentes categorías. Resultados: Las participantes en el estudio definen el constructo de la maternidad en torno a 3 categorías: los cambios en el estilo de vida, los sentimientos y las percepciones. Identifican como momentos más estresantes: «el nuevo rol», «los cambios en la relación de pareja», «sentimientos encontrados», «experiencias del embarazo y parto», «la idealización», «la falta de apoyo», «llantos», «cólicos», «interpretar las señales del niño», «baño», «descanso», «opiniones contradictorias», «aprendizaje» y «adquisición de nuevas habilidades». Destacan como temas principales para las dinámicas grupales: alimentación, desarrollo, relación afectiva, confianza materna, participación de los padres, papel de la familia, aspectos emocionales, descanso, masaje, baño, prevención de accidentes, cólicos, primeros auxilios, puericultura, recursos y vacunas. Conclusión: Las dinámicas grupales deben contextualizarse de acuerdo a las necesidades percibidas por las madres y permitir la participación de otras figuras familiares.

Indicadores de Resiliência em Adolescentes Institucionalizados: o papel da vinculação aos pares, aos professores e aos funcionários da instituição

Ser resiliente implica ser capaz de adaptar positivamente a contextos de grande adversidade. Esta capacidade depende de múltiplos fatores (individuais, relacionais e contextuais) cuja mobilização se encontra dificultada entre os adolescentes cujo desenvolvimento ficou comprometido pela experiência de maus-tratos. Quando protegidos pelo acolhimento institucional, é nos pares, nos professores e nos funcionários da instituição que estes adolescentes encontram o cuidado, o suporte e o encorajamento de que necessitam, e que tanto pesa sobre o seu bem-estar. Foi, assim, objetivo deste estudo examinar o papel que a qualidade da vinculação aos pares, professores e funcionários da instituição desempenha na promoção da resiliência em adolescentes institucionalizados. Os dados foram recolhidos junto de 45 adolescentes (18 rapazes e 27 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 20 anos, em regime de acolhimento institucional prolongado. Para o efeito foram utilizados um breve questionário sociodemográfico, o Child and Youth Resilience Measure – 28 – versão para Jovens (Liebenberg, Ungar & Van de Vijver, 2012; versão portuguesa Ferreira & Nobre-Lima, 2013), o Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987; versão portuguesa Figueiredo & Machado, 2008) – versão para Pares e Professores – e o Questionário de Ligação aos Professores e Funcionários (Mota & Matos, 2005). Ainda que tenham sido encontradas correlações significativas entre a resiliência e cada uma das variáveis em estudo, a percepção de vinculação aos pares e aos funcionários da instituição sobressaem como as variáveis que melhor explicam a resiliência nestes adolescentes, em particular nos rapazes. Já nas raparigas, a única variável que parece explicar a resiliência é a percepção de vinculação aos funcionários da instituição. A discussão explora estes resultados em termos do seu significado e implicações práticas. / Being resilient implies the ability to positively adapt to contexts of great adversity. This ability depends on a variety of factors (individual, relational and contextual) that are mostly non operative among the adolescents whose development was compromised by maltreatment. When protected by residential care these adolescents rest on peers, teachers and residential caregivers to find the care, support and encouragement they need to improve their sense of wellbeing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how attachment to peers, teachers and residential caregivers can contribute to foster resilience in institutionalized adolescents. Data was collected from a sample of 45 adolescents (18 boys and 27 girls), aged between 10 and 20 years old, under extended placement in an institution. The PI is composed by a brief social-demographic questionnaire, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure – 28 – Youth version (Liebenberg, Ungar & Van de Vijver, 2012, Portuguese version Ferreira & Nobre- Lima, 2013), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987; Portuguese version Figueiredo & Machado, 2008) – Peers and Teacher’s version – and the Questionnaire of the Affective Relationship with Teachers and Employees (Mota & Matos, 2005). Although findings showed significant correlations between resilience and each one of the variables in study, the perception of attachment to peers and residential caregivers stood out as the most correlated variables to resilience among these adolescents, mainly among the boys. Conversely, the only variable that seems to explain resilience among girls is the perception of attachment to residential caregivers. The discussion explores the possible meaning and practical implications of these findings.

A inclusão da diversidade linguística no ensino básico na perspectiva de pais e professores : Um estudo de caso no interior rural

É num quadro internacional caracterizado pela crescente multi/interculturalidade das populações escolares, que se inscreve o presente trabalho de investigação, que tem como tema a inclusão da diversidade linguística no ensino básico, no contexto específico da Escola Básica com Jardim-de-infância de Ammaia, situada no interior rural de Portugal, mais precisamente no Alto Alentejo. A pesquisa, alicerçada no paradigma interpretativo, caracterizou-se por uma investigação de cariz qualitativo, mais precisamente um estudo de caso, que teve como principal fonte de recolha de dados as entrevistas em profundidade, realizadas a quatro docentes e a um encarregado de educação imigrante, as quais foram objecto de análise de conteúdo posterior. Entre os objectivos do estudo encontravam-se a identificação de algumas respostas educativas organizadas pelas escolas, no âmbito da sua autonomia, com vista a inclusão dos alunos migrantes e dos principais factores de favorecimento e de obstrução à inclusão dos mesmos, na perspectiva e concepção dos mais directos intervenientes no processo, nomeadamente os professores e os pais ou encarregados de educação destes alunos. Da análise e interpretação dos resultados ficou expresso o esforço que as comunidades educativas vêm fazendo com vista a adaptarem-se à inclusão da multi/interculturalidade, designadamente a linguística, não obstante as dificuldades com que se debatem, tais como a falta de formação da docente e a escassez de recursos para garantir o sucesso destes alunos. Além disso, permitiu comprovar alguns dados apontados pela investigação, nomeadamente a disseminação desta população por todo o território nacional e a generalização da prática denominada por «desclassificação», através da colocação dos alunos em níveis inferiores aos que frequentavam no estrangeiro. Foi igualmente possível apontar alguns dos factores que mais contribuirão para a sua inclusão, dos quais se destaca o estabelecimento de relações afectivas sólidas por parte destes alunos com os seus pares e a necessidade de fazer uso de métodos progressivos e flexíveis, adaptados às necessidades e capacidades dos alunos, capazes de lhes garantirem um nível adequado de proficiência da língua portuguesa, enquanto factor essencial ao seu sucesso educativo. ABSTRACT: It is in an international context, characterized by the growing cultural, ethnical, linguistic diversity and other aspects of school populations, which lead educational communities to severe changes, that the present investigational work refers to, whose topic is the inclusion of language diversity in the basic teaching, in the specific context of Escola Básica com Jardim de Infância de Ammaia, located in the rural interior of Portugal, to be more accurate, in the North Alentejo region. The research, based on the interpretational paradigm, is characterized by a qualitative investigation, more precisely in a case study, which had as a main source of data gathering the interviews done to four teachers and an immigrant parent, which were subjected to posterior content analysis. Among the aims of the study were the identification of some educational responses organized by schools, in the extent of its autonomy, regarding the inclusion of migrant pupils and the main favoring and obstruction factors to the inclusion of these same pupils, in the perspective, conception and comprehension of the most direct intervenient in the process, namely teachers and parents of these pupils. From the analysis and interpretation of the results it is visible the effort educational communities have been making in order to adapt themselves to the inclusion of the multi/interculturality, namely linguistic, in spite of the difficulties they find, such as the lack of formation of teachers and the scarcity of resources to guarantee the success of this new school population. Likewise, it allowed to prove some data pointed out by the investigation, namely the dissemination of this population throughout the national territory and the generalization of the practice called "disqualification”, by placing pupils in inferior levels to those they attended abroad. It was also possible to point out some of the factors that most contribute to their inclusion, of which stand out the establishment of solid affective relationship between these pupils and their peers and the necessity to use progressive and flexible methods, adapted to the needs and capacities of the pupils, able to guarantee an adequate proficiency level of the Portuguese language, as the key factor to their educational success.

Cognitive errors assessed by observer ratings in bipolar affective disorder: relationship with symptoms and therapeutic alliance

The construct of cognitive errors is clinically relevant for cognitive therapy of mood disorders. Beck's universality hypothesis postulates the relevance of negative cognitions in all subtypes of mood disorders, as well as positive cognitions for manic states. This hypothesis has rarely been empirically addressed for patients presenting bipolar affective disorder (BD). In-patients (n = 30) presenting with BD were interviewed, as were 30 participants of a matched control group. Valid and reliable observer-rater methodology for cognitive errors was applied to the session transcripts. Overall, patients make more cognitive errors than controls. When manic and depressive patients were compared, parts of the universality hypothesis were confirmed. Manic symptoms are related to positive and negative cognitive errors. These results are discussed with regard to the main assumptions of the cognitive model for depression; thus adding an argument for extending it to the BD diagnostic group, taking into consideration specificities in terms of cognitive errors. Clinical implications for cognitive therapy of BD are suggested.

The Relationship between athlete motivation, strategies used to cope with stress and affective outcomes in Canadian University athletes

Motivation to perform and coping with stress during performance are key factors in determining numerous outcomes of sporting performance. However, less evidence is in place assessing their relationship. The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between athlete motivation and the coping strategies used to deal with stress during their sporting performance, as well as the relationship between motivation and affect and coping and affect. One hundred and forty five university athletes completed questionnaires. Regressions revealed that two of the three self determined levels of motivation, identified and integrated regulation, predicted increased task-oriented coping strategies. Two of the three non-self determined levels of motivation, amotivation and external regulation, significantly predicted disengagement-oriented coping. Additionally, intrinsic motivation and task-oriented coping predicted increase positive affect. Increased disengagement-oriented coping predicted decreased positive affect. Disengagement-oriented coping significantly predicted increased negative affect. These findings increase understanding of motivations role in predicting athletes coping.

Passionate thinkers feel better: Self-control capacity as mediator of the relationship between need for cognition and affective adjustment

The present study tested a possible explanation for the positive relationship between the motivation to engage in cognitive endeavors (need for cognition, NFC) and indicators of affective adjustment (e.g., higher self-esteem, lower depression) that has been demonstrated in previous studies. We suggest that dispositional self-control capacity mediates this relationship, since NFC has been found to be related to self-control capacity, and self-control capacity is crucial for adjustment. NFC, dispositional self-control capacity, self-esteem, habitual depressive mood, and tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner were measured among 150 university students via self-report. Regression analyses and Sobel tests revealed that self-control capacity was a potential mediator of the positive relationship between NFC and affective adjustment. The findings were robust in terms of social desirability.

Psychological Ownership of Employees as a Mediator in the Justice - Affective Commitment Relationship

Numerous scholars have accumulated evidence on the positive effects that employees’ organizational justice perceptions exert on work-related outcomes such as affective commitment. However, research still lacks understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting the two constructs. In this article we aim to narrow this gap by examining the concept of psychological ownership as a possible mediator between organizational justice perceptions and affective commitment. Investigating a sample of 619 employees, we find distributive justice to be positively related to psychological ownership, and observe psychological ownership as a full mediator of the distributive justice and affective commitment relationship. These insights offer a new explanation in understanding the justice-commitment connection, contributing to both organizational justice and psychological ownership literature and opening up ways for promising future research.

Proactive and politically skilled professionals:what is the relationship with affective occupational commitment?

The aim of this study is to extend research on employee affective commitment in three ways: (1) instead of organizational commitment the focus is on occupational commitment; (2) the role of proactive personality on affective occupational commitment is examined; and (3) occupational satisfaction is examined as a mediator and political skills as moderator in the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. Two connected studies, one in a hospital located in the private sector and one in a university located in the public sector, are carried out in Pakistan, drawing on a total sample of over 400 employees. The results show that proactive personality is positively related to affective occupational commitment, and that occupational satisfaction partly mediates the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. No effect is found for a moderator effect of political skills in the relationship between proactive personality and affective occupational commitment. Political skills however moderate the relationship between proactive personality and affective organizational commitment. © 2011 The Author(s).

Psychological Ownership of Employees as a Mediator in the Justice - Affective Commitment Relationship

Numerous scholars have accumulated evidence on the positive effects that employees' organizational justice perceptions exert on work-related outcomes such as affective commitment. However, research still lacks understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting the two constructs. In this article we aim to narrow this gap by examining the concept of psychological ownership as a possible mediator between organizational justice perceptions and affective commitment. Investigating a sample of 619 employees, we find distributive justice to be positively related to psychological ownership, and observe psychological ownership as a full mediator of the distributive justice and affective commitment relationship. These insights offer a new explanation in understanding the justice-commitment connection, contributing to both organizational justice and psychological ownership literature and opening up ways for promising future research

Volume reduction of the corpus callosum and its relationship with deficits in interhemispheric transfer of information in recent-onset psychosis

The present study aimed to investigate the presence of corpus callosum (CC) volume deficits in a population-based recent-onset psychosis (ROP) sample, and whether CC volume relates to interhemispheric communication deficits. For this purpose, we used voxel-based morphometry comparisons of magnetic resonance imaging data between ROP (n = 122) and healthy control (n = 94) subjects. Subgroups (38 ROP and 39 controls) were investigated for correlations between CC volumes and performance on the Crossed Finger Localization Test (CFLT). Significant CC volume reductions in ROP subjects versus controls emerged after excluding substance misuse and non-right-handedness. CC reductions retained significance in the schizophrenia subgroup but not in affective psychoses subjects. There were significant positive correlations between CC volumes and CFLT scores in ROP subjects, specifically in subtasks involving interhemispheric communication. From these results, we can conclude that CC volume reductions are present in association with ROP. The relationship between such deficits and CFLT performance suggests that interhemispheric communication impairments are directly linked to CC abnormalities in ROP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Paternal and maternal ages at conception and risk of bipolar affective disorder in their offspring

Background. A consistent association between paternal age and their offspring`s risk of schizophrenia has been observed, with no independent association with maternal age. The relationship of paternal and maternal ages with risk of bipolar affective disorders (BPAD) in the offspring is less clear. The present study aimed at testing the hypothesis that paternal age is associated with their offspring`s risk of BPAD, whereas maternal age is not. Method. This population-based cohort study was conducted with individuals born in Sweden during 1973-1980 and still resident there at age 16 years. Outcome was first hospital admission with a diagnosis of BPAD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox`s proportional hazard regression. Results. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables except maternal age, the HR for risk of BPAD for each 10-year increase in paternal age was 1.28 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.11-1.48], but this fell to 1.20 (95% CI 0.97-1.48) after adjusting for maternal age. A similar result was found for maternal age and risk of BPAD [HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.08-1.56) before adjustment for paternal age, HR 1.12 (95% Cl 0.86-1.45) after adjustment]. The HR associated with having either parent aged 30 years or over was 1.26 (95% CI 1.01-1.57) and it was 1.45 (95%, CI 1.16-1.81) if both parents were >30 years. Conclusions. Unlike schizophrenia, the risk of BPAD seems to be associated with both paternal and maternal ages.