993 resultados para Abastecimento de agua nas cidades


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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We conducted a study of the quality of water distributed by Artesian Well in relation to water supply served by the public for purposes of human consumption of UNESP Campus Guaratinguetá. Two sections of the network were randomly chosen and monitored for 105 days: the stretch of the pipeline started off the Water Treatment Station of the Autonomous Service of Water, Sewage and waste in the Municipality of Guaratinguetá and ended in a point consumption of the Child Family Center, while the section B began at the output of an artesian well and finished in a point of consumption of the Department of Civil Engineering. It is the deterioration of water quality in parts A and B, through comparative analysis of Bicarbonates, Total Hardness, Total Iron, free residual chlorine, pH, Total Residual, Turbidity, Conductivity, Color, Fecal Coliforms and Total Coliforms. Among the observations that can be highlighted: the Total Hardness was found in highest concentration in the extract; for Total Iron significant variations were obtained for both parts, and reduction of this parameter in two points of consumption analyzed, not the expected increase concentration, because the contact of water along the pipe, the CRL showed significant depletion to section A, which can be related to impurities in the water, the presence of biofilm on the walls of pipes, or because this is the stretch of greater extent to be covered by water for pH, this indicated that the water is alkaline and slightly acidic stretch in section B; Turbidity was found for the higher concentration to the passage, and a considerable reduction of this parameter at point consumption due to deposition of particulate matter along the stretch, the conductivity also showed a higher concentration in the extract, as well as an increase in this parameter at the point of consumption. Upon leaving ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The expansion of urban in medium-sized citie, increase the importance of action planning and management of natural resources, among which water is the most important. Such action should include the integration of physical and man-made elements involved. In this context, it becomesimportant for watershed analysis and the use of geotecnologies. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the contribution of the geo, as a tool for managing a river basin, allowing the integration of physical data and the analysis of anthropogenic environmental scenarios in urban areas. The area chosen, the basin of the Wenzel, is located in Rio Claro / SP, a city whose urbanization process has been intense and continuous. Thematic maps were generated from the physical environment: soil, slope and geological, as well as maps of land use. With regard to land use maps, these were drawn from the visual interpretation of material aerophotogrammetric, considering the years 1995 and 2010, performing an evolutionary analysis. It was observed that the area presents small variation in the physical and structural aspects, with lithological and geomorphological formation favoring the occurrence of floods, erosion and siltation. These processes are accelerated by the forms of land use, with intense urbanization during the period between 1995 and 2010, and poor preservation of permanent preservation areasand. In the floodplain areas there is a high waste disposal is the most notable environmental problem

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água que abastece uma cidade se não for tratada pode tornar-se importante veículo de transmissores de doenças. O controle da qualidade é uma medida que visa, principalmente, garantir a saúde da população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade da água distribuída pelo sistema de abastecimento da cidade de Santa Lúcia – SP. A água proveniente desse sistema chega até as residências e, muitas vezes, é consumida sem nenhum tratamento doméstico complementar. A cidade de Santa Lúcia é abastecida por três poços profundos (P2, P3, e P4). Com o intuito de avaliar a qualidade da água captada desses poços e distribuídas para consumo humano foram coletadas amostras diretamente dos poços e de um ponto de consumo nas áreas abastecidas por cada poço. Foram feitas três coletas em cada ponto, em três diferentes épocas do ano. Realizaram-se análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas em todas as amostras. As análises bacteriológicas foram feitas para determinação da presença de coliformes totais, E. coli e contagem padrão de bactérias heterotróficas em placa. As análises físico-químicas avaliaram cloro residual livre, fluoreto, turbidez, pH, cor aparente e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Duas amostras foram positivas para coliformes totais, apenas uma amostra coletada no poço 2 foi positiva para E. coli. Para bactérias heterotróficas todas a amostras apresentaram contagem em placa inferior a 500 UFC/mL. Todas as amostras estavam dentro do padrão determinado pela legislação para pH, turbidez e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Todas as amostras coletadas no poço 2 tiveram como resultado ausência de cloro residual livre, o mesmo resultado para os demais pontos na segunda coleta de amostras. Todas as amostras apresentaram fluoreto com valores abaixo do VMP estabelecido pela legislação brasileira porém apenas cinco com concentrações dentro da faixa estabelecida pela legislação do Estado de São Paulo ...

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

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The guidelines of National Curriculum for Dental courses highlights the necessity in providing for the professional the ability to analyze and assess community’s problems and needs, and to create solutions for the society. The continuing education may be considered a useful tool for the teaching and learning because it favors the diversification of learning environments, which allows the insertion of undergraduate and graduate students into the real scenarios. This current study aimed to assess the Public Health projects and programs of the UNESP – Araçatuba Dental School, by describing the interaction experiences between faculty and health services in the professional career development. Historical, documentary and descriptive searches were performed based on the faculty archives such as official documents, reports, databases from the Pro-rector of continuing education and published papers in the period between 1964 and 2011. The following experiences were noted: the Extra-Muro Dental Service (SEMO), established in 1964, that focused in providing dental treatment to the rural population, highlighted the social inclusion of discriminated society groups since that time. In 1972, this service was expanded to several specific populations living in the urban areas. In the '60s, many educational campaigns were performed as homemade water filter and construction of wells and septic tanks which demonstrate the concern with the determinants of healthdisease process. At that time, the campaign of fluoridation of public water supplies in several counties started as Araçatuba, Birigui, Penápolis, Guararapes, Valparaíso and so on. The Campaign of “Good Teeth” from the '70s became wider over time and it was transformed in the "Oral Health Education Program" and it was continuously developed in all public schools of Araçatuba and some neighboring towns, benefiting children aged from 6 to 10 years-old. Several epidemiological studies of caries, periodontal diseases, malocclusion and fluorosis were conducted in cooperation with local governments, and counted with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students. Pereira Barreto – SP was the precursor city in Brazil to carry out fluorosis study. Currently, 12 projects of Public Health from the Institution of Higher Education in the Pro-rector of continuing education are being developed. The concern in qualifying the human resources in health is confirmed with the development of training courses and workshops for professionals, highlighting the training for people enrolled in the Family Health program; Community Health Agent training - Solidarity University, and Municipal Health Counselors training. The Graduate Program in Social and Preventive Dentistry, created in 1993, has an important role to train several professionals for the Unified Health System, and provides education to create researchers, professors and administrators, and enucleates research groups in several Brazilian states. In all activities showed herein, a dynamic participation of undergraduate and graduate students has been observed, and several books, guidelines, articles, brochures and booklets have been published as a result of the continuing education activities.. It was concluded that different projects and programs have been developed by the Public Health of UNESP –Araçatuba Dental School, which allow the exchange of experience between the university and health services, and benefit all participants enrolled in these activities.

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This paper analyses the sustainability under the environmental (ecological) perspective of Water Supply and Sanitary Sewers Systems from Uberaba city, MG. It was accomplished in this analysis, An Environmental Sustainability Assessment of those systems, by the means of specific sustainability indicators proposed for Uberaba, but which may be used for other simi-lar cities. To the characterization of the systems, visitations were made to the main units as well as a documental was elaborated. The definition of the level or stage of the sustainability by the indicators was made based on a literature review, on interviews with the technicians and managers of the systems and based on the characterization and observation of the system reality, being attributed to them the following classification: Non Sustainable, Low Sustaina-bility, Medium Sustainability and High Sustainability. It was verified that the indicators that have lower compatibility to the process of sustainability to the studied systems are those rela-ted to the water physical losses, to the water per capita consumption, to the electricity con-sumption and to the sludge from the water treatment plants disposal untreated into a water body, for the Water Supply System. And those ones related to the attendance with sewage treatment, to the electricity consumption and to the usage of the treated sewage, for the Sani-tary Sewers, all of them classified as Non Sustainable.

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Objetivo: Analisar os teores de íons de fluoreto e o padrão microbiológico encontrado nas águas de abastecimento público dos municípios alagoanos que fluoretam suas águas. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado no período de 2012 a 2014, no qual se analisaram todos os laudos emitidos pelo Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Alagoas (LACEN-AL) com os resultados da análise da qualidade da água para consumo humano dos onze municípios alagoanos que fluoretaram suas águas, totalizando 3.089 laudos. Avaliouse o número total de amostras enviadas para análise da qualidade da água, a quantidade de amostras em que foi solicitada a análise de fluoreto, teores e variações dos íons de fluoreto e o padrão microbiológico das amostras fluoretadas. Realizou-se a análise descritiva dos dados, obtendo-se as frequências absolutas e relativas percentuais. Resultados: Foram encontradas 429 (83,9%) amostras coletadas no intervalo 0,0-0,5 mgF/L, número considerado abaixo do recomendável, além de grande variação na concentração dos íons de fluoreto e 128 (26,3%) amostras de água fluoretada fora dos padrões de potabilidade. Conclusão: Os dados mostraram uma grande variação e um alto percentual de amostras com baixas concentrações de fluoreto, assim como a necessidade de melhoria da qualidade da água ofertada, de modo a garantir para a população o acesso contínuo à água potável.

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A Feira Municipal Col. Jorge Teixeira existe, no mínimo, desde a década de 1970 tem sua inauguração oficial datada de 1994. Popularmente conhecida como “Feira da Manaus Moderna”, esta se consolidou na década de 1990 como a mais importante feira de Manaus. O papel atual da Feira da Manaus Moderna pode sofrer grandes modificações com as novas políticas em torno do abastecimento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a importância atual da Feira Cel. Jorge Teixeira no abastecimento de Manaus a partir da análise da abrangência de sua rede comercial em relação às demais feiras e mercados municipais de Manaus.   

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En la microcuenca El Coyote localizada en el municipio de Condega, Estelí, se evaluó la calidad del agua superficial de sde febrero del 2010 a febrero del 2011. El propósito fue la identificación de indicadores que faciliten la vigilancia y monitoreo de la calidad del agua . Se integró un sistema multimétrico utilizando las características físicoquímicas y bacteriológicas, macro invertebrados acuáticos, la caracterización morfométrica de la microcuenca y la información resultante a nivel de comunidad (cambios en el uso del suelo). En la determinación de la relación de la calidad del agua con la estructura de la macrofauna acuática (macroinvertebrados) se usó el método Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP/Col ) . La microcuenca tiene 144 afluentes con una forma oval - oblonga - alargada, y su curva hipsométrica refleja un estado de equilibrio relativo de juvenil a madurez. El uso del suelo es inadecuado y su entorno natural fue valorado como subóptimo. Aunque los parámetros fisico químicos indicaron que las aguas son alcalinas, con un nivel aceptable de oxigeno disuelto, categorizadas según el Diagrama de Riverside como aguas aptas par a riego (C2 - S1), y aceptables según valores determinados para DBO 5 y DQO; sin embargo, requieren de un tratamiento de descontaminación previo a su uso doméstico y agropecuario. Además, debido a la presencia de coliformes fecales estas aguas no están aptas para consumo humano . Los macroinvertebrados varían, según la estacionalidad, en riqueza, abundancia y distribución, presentando una disminución en el número de individuos en la época lluviosa (t= 5.21, p<2.18E - 07). E l 6 8 . 91 % de los macroinvertebrados bioin dicadores se distribuyeron en cinco familias : Leptohyphidae , Baetidae , Hydropsychidae , Chironomidae y Physidae , siendo el cariotipo piedra el que present ó mayor diversidad y abundancia . El promedio del BMWP /Col fue de 60.06, indicando una calidad del agua entre dudosa y aceptable , y el índice ASPT de 6.71 señala una contaminación moderada ; estos resultados coincide n con los obtenidos utilizando la batería de indicadores fisicoquímicos y bacteriológicos .

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Con el propósito de determinar el comportamiento de rasgos de crecimiento del camarón de agua dulce M. rosenbergii. Se montó un ensayo en la comunidad de los Encuentros, municipio de Limay, Estelí. Para tal efecto se utilizaron tres estanques de tierra de 200m 3 c/u en los que se sembraron 5 post larvas/m2. La alimentación fue a base de concentrado con 35%, 25%, 20% de proteína respectivamente de manera igual para los tres estanques. Se efectuaron muestreos, de talla, peso con respecto a la edad siendo estos el primer muestreo al momento de la siembra el segundo a los 30 días y los restantes cada 20 días, hasta los 190 días que culminó el ensayo, para determinar el crecimiento de los camarones de agua dulce M. rosenhergií mediante análisis estadísticos se empleó el modelo no lineal sugerido por Pearl-read (1923) y = k/1+bea:. Para realizar un menor ajuste de los datos se procedió a linealizarlos por medio de una regresión con la ecuación: Ln (k/y)-1 = Lnb±ax. Para el primer estanque se construyó el modelo Ln(k/y)-1 = 6.69459 = 0.97948 (cm), el error estándar para Lnb y a son de 0.338010.57300 respectivamente, laPr> ltl iguala 1.0001con r2 = 0.976605 y C.V= 29.66412. En el segundo estanque se obtuvo Ln(kly)-1 = 6.53469- 0.89897 (cm) el error standard para Lnb y a son de 0.4235;0.6858. La Pr > ltl para ambos son de 0.0001 con r1 = 0.96084 y C.V= 36.20477, para el tercer estanque se tiene valores de Ln (k/y)-1 = 6.93459- 1.116595 (cm) con error standard de Lnb y a = 1.04923; 0.180752 y para Pr > ltl fue de 0.0003;0.0005 con un r2= 0.8450 y C.V = 126.7102, al hacer un análisis de regresión combinando los tres estanques se obtuvo valores deLn(k/y)-1 = 5.5224-0.8068 (cm) con errores standard de Lnb y a= O.2878; 0.480 y para Pr > ltl fue de 0.0001 con un r2=; 0.9700 y C.V = 31.489, el comportamiento de crecimiento de los camarones de agua dulce M. rosenbergii sometidos a estudio bajo las mismas condiciones de cultivo tuvieron diferencias de talla y peso siendo éstas de 0.331 cm; 2.S02 g. del estanque 2 vs estanque 1; 1.093 cm, 4.3500 g del estanque 2 vs estanque 3 y 0.762 cm; 1.848 g para el estanque 1 vs estanque 3, sin embargo para los estanques en estudio se observó un aumento de talla y peso entre los 110-130 días de edad.

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El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización de la solución hipertónica (agua de mar) en el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina en la finca “Guadalupana”, antes ”San Clemente” del Municipio de Nagarote, departamento de León, ubicada en las coordenadas siguientes: 12°14 ́37.89 ́ ́ N y 87°39 ́16.45 ́ W, con un a elevación sobre el nivel del mar de 68m. Fueron utilizados 18 animales en un diseño completamente al azar (D.C.A) distribuido aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos. Tratamiento I: agua de mar 5ml;Tratamiento II: Tratamiento testigo: DI-ERITROMAST M.A; Tratamiento III: agua de mar 10ml. Se encontró una prevalencia de mastitis en el hato del 72%, de ésta un 38% correspondió a mastitis subclínica, un 34% a mastitis clínica y un 28% de las vacas resultaron negativas; el cuarto más afectado fue el a nterior derecho (AD) con el 100% de reacción positiva. Según el examen bacteriológico realizado a las muestras enviadas al laboratorio, los microorganismos causantes de la mastitis en la finca, fueron: Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae y Pseudomonas. Los tratamientos I y III presentaron los mejores resultados en el control de la mastitis bovina, donde el tratamiento I(agua de mar 5ml) alcanzó su efectividad a los 14 días con un 100% y, el tratamiento III (agua de mar 10ml) alcanzó su efectividad a los 21 días con un 100 %. En tanto, para el tratamiento II no se observó efectividad en el transcurrir de las 8 semanas analizadas.