224 resultados para ARIA


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Coetzee’s last novel Diary of a Bad Year (2007) has an intriguing triple-voiced narrative structure and deals with the grey area of shame. The narrative is divided between a writer, his written contribution to a book called “Strong Opinions”, and his secretary’s thoughts about both the opinions in the manuscript and her employer’s circumstances. This essay explores the relation between form and theme in Diary of a Bad Year; to see in what way these two fundamental elements of the novel intervene and support each other. By doing so the narrative structure is read through Freud’s structural model of personality, whereby each narrator’s voice is related to the notions of the super-ego, the ego and the id. In other words, this essay argues that the specific threefold narrative structure in Diary of a Bad Year, by reflecting the interrelated parts of human identity, helps in creating and developing the theme of shame, which only exists connected to the human psyche. This connection in turn gives special meaning to the entire narratology of the novel.

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[ES]La riqueza genética que nos ofrecen las poblaciones naturales de la flora en Canarias puede estar bajo riesgo. Con esto en mente, se desarrollaron marcadores moleculares (SSR) específicos para el análisis genético de Silene nocteolens, una planta herbácea que solo crece en el Teide; y Sorbus aria, 50 árboles que en Canarias están restringidos a Tenerife y La Palma. En S. nocteolens se encontró una gran variabilidad genética, poca diferenciación genética entre sus dos poblaciones y un bajo porcentaje autofecundación. En S. aria se reporta un carácter triploide, menor variabilidad genética en las muestras canarias que en las peninsulares y una diferenciación genética considerablemente alta.

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[EN] Sorbus aria (L) Crantz (Common Whitebeam) is native to Europe, east of the Balkans and in North Africa; it is also present in the Canary Islands. To evaluate the genetic diversity in natural populations of this vulnerable species, nine novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from enriched libraries. Microsatellite loci were screened in 97 individuals from La Palma (Canary Islands) and Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain). Examination of the microsatellite profiles shows that S. aria individuals have up to three alleles per locus. The cloned sequences in microsatellite loci confirmed the polyploidy status of the plants. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 14 per locus. The phenotype diversities across loci (H0 T) ranging from 0.653 to 0.847

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In order to improve the animal welfare, the Council Directive 1999/74/EC (defining minimum standards for the welfare of laying hens) will ban conventional cage systems since 2012, in favour of enriched cages or floor systems. As a consequence an increased risk of bacterial contamination of eggshell is expected (EFSA, 2005). Furthermore egg-associated salmonellosis is an important public health problem throughout the world (Roberts et al., 1994). In this regard the introduction of efficient measures to reduce eggshell contamination by S. Enteritidis or other bacterial pathogens, and thus to prevent any potential or additional food safety risk for Human health, may be envisaged. The hot air pasteurization can be a viable alternative for the decontamination of the surface of the egg shell. Few studies have been performed on the decontamination power of this technique on table eggs (Hou et al, 1996; James et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to develop innovative techniques to remove surface contamination of shell eggs by hot air under natural or forced convection. Initially two simplified finite element models describing the thermal interaction between the air and egg were developed, respectively for the natural and forced convection. The numerical models were validated using an egg simulant equipped by type-K thermocouple (Chromel/Alumel). Once validated, the models allowed the selection of a thermal cycle with an inner temperature always lower than 55°C. Subsequently a specific apparatus composed by two hot air generators, one cold air generator and rolling cylinder support, was built to physically condition the eggs. The decontamination power of the thermal treatments was evaluated on shell eggs experimentally inoculated with either Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and on shell eggs containing only the indigenous microflora. The applicability of treatments was further evaluated by comparing quality traits of treated and not treated eggs immediately after the treatment and after 28 days of storage at 20°C. The results showed that the treatment characterized by two shots of hot air at 350°C for 8 sec, spaced by a cooling interval of 32 (forced convection), reduce the bacterial population of more than 90% (Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes). No statistically significant results were obtained comparing E. coli treated and not treated eggs as well as indigenous microflora treated and not treated eggs. A reduction of 2.6 log was observed on Salmonella enteritidis load of eggs immediately after the treatment in oven at 200°C for 200 minutes (natural convection). Furthermore no detrimental effects on quality traits of treated eggs were recorded. These results support the hot air techniques for the surface decontamination of table eggs as an effective industrial process.

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Questo lavoro nasce dall’intento di dare un’indicazione sul legame esistente tra la temperatura e la concentrazione di ozono. La correlazione, rintracciata sui dati osservati, è stata poi utilizzata allo scopo di elaborare proiezioni di evoluzioni future. Lo studio si è concentrato su un’area piuttosto ristretta della provincia di Parma, selezionata per la buona disponibilità di dati, sia di temperatura che di ozono, ma anche per la sua rappresentatività, dimostrata, delle caratteristiche dell’Emilia Romagna. Sulla base della scelta della stazione di misura di ozono sono state individuate tre località nelle vicinanze per avere dati di temperatura sia osservati sia provenienti da downscaling statistico. Proprio per quest’ultimo dataset sono stati elaborati scenari di temperatura per il periodo 2021-2050, rispetto al trentennio climatologico di riferimento 1961-1990, applicando il metodo di regionalizzazione statistica a cinque modelli globali. Le anomalie stagionali sono poi state date in ingresso a un generatore climatico in grado di produrre serie sintetiche giornaliere per il punto in esame. Un modello appositamente creato, ispirato al metodo di campionamento casuale stratificato, ha sfruttato sia queste informazioni sul futuro andamento della temperatura, sia la relazione trovata su dati osservati, per la costruzione di un set di concentrazioni di ozono previste per lo stesso trentennio futuro. Confrontando dal punto di vista statistico queste distribuzioni con quelle ricostruite per i periodi 1961-1990 e 2001-2012 si è valutato l’andamento della concentrazione di ozono. La conclusione più evidente a cui si giunge è la conferma del fatto che la situazione attuale dell’inquinamento da ozono nell’area di studio è decisamente più critica rispetto a quella che il modello ha ricostruito per il trentennio passato. La distribuzione dei valori di concentrazione di ozono degli ultimi dodici anni è invece molto più simile ormai al set di proiezioni previste per il futuro. Quello che potrà succedere a livello dell’inquinamento da ozono nel prossimo trentennio climatologico in Emilia Romagna dipende da quale modello si rivelerà più veritiero riguardo alla proiezione futura di temperatura: è infatti possibile che tutto rimanga molto simile alla situazione attuale o che si verificherà un ulteriore aumento, aggravando una situazione già critica.