Critical stages of the brewing process for changes in antioxidant activity and levels of phenolic compounds in ale

Samples were taken at each stage of brewing (malt, milling, mashing, wort separation, hop addition, boiling, whirlpool, dilution, fermentation, warm rest, chill-lagering, beer filtration, carbonation and bottling, pasteurization, and storage). The level of antioxidant activity of unfractionated, low-molecular-mass (LMM) and high-molecular-mass (HMM) fractions was measured by the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfortic acid) radical cation (ABTS(.+)) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) procedures. Polyphenol levels were assessed by HPLC. The LMM fraction (<5 kDa) was responsible for similar to80% of the level of antioxidant activity of the unfractionated malt and beer samples. In the unfractionated samples, significant decreases (P < 0.001) in antioxidant activity levels were observed after milling and beer filtration, with the decrease after beer filtration being accompanied by a significant decrease (P > 0.001) in catechin and ferulic acid levels. Increases in antioxidant activity levels were observed after mashing, boiling, fermentation, chill-lagering, and pasteurization, in line with previous studies on lager. Additionally, increases in the level of antioxidant activity occurred after wort separation and carbonation and bottling and were accompanied by increases in levels of most monitored polyphenols. Data from the ABTS(.-) and FRAP assays indicated that the compounds contributing to the levels of antioxidant activity responded differently in the two procedures. Levels of ferulic, vanillic, and chlorogenic acids and catechin accounted for 45-61% of the variation in antioxidant activity levels.

O Supremo Tribunal Federal para além das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade

Este livro é resultado da pesquisa conduzida no âmbito do “Núcleo de Justiça e Constituição” da Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas – FGV DIREITO SP. A pesquisa foi realizada por integrantes do Núcleo e com financiamento da Fapesp entre março de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013. Teve como objetivo analisar a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) enquanto Corte recursal, função exercida especialmente por meio do julgamento de recursos extraordinários. O nosso estudo examina o processo de tomada de decisão do STF nos recursos extraordinários julgados em Plenário, de 5 de setembro de 2007 a 1º de setembro de 2009. Esse é o maior período no qual a composição do Tribunal permaneceu estável desde 2000. Nesse intervalo de tempo, integravam o STF as Ministras e os Ministros: Celso de Mello, Marco Aurélio, Gilmar Mendes, Ellen Gracie, Carlos Britto, Cezar Peluso, Eros Grau, Joaquim Barbosa, Ricardo Lewandowski, Cármen Lúcia e Menezes Direito. Optou-se por investigar somente as decisões tomadas em sede de Plenário, por sua relevância qualitativa.

Amîrā le-vêt Yaʿaqôv : anšprache an das hois Jaʿakov oder di drei bezondern pflichṭen jidišer ehefroien nida, ḥale, hadloke nach dem riṭuale ...

und ins daiṭše iberṭragen fon Zeligman Ber Bamberger

Sēfer Maḥanē Yiśrā'ēl : enṭhalṭend dine meliḥe, ḥale, nido, hadloke nebsṭ einem anhange ... tzur kunsṭ der ehe gliklich tzu leben ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Sēfer Maḥanē Yiśrā'ēl : enṭhalṭend dine meliḥe, ḥale, nido, hadloke nebzṭ einem anhang ... tzur kunsṭ in der ehe glikklich tzu leben ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Sēfer Yōsîppôn : di bešraibung fun ale merkwerdige maiśes fun anheib der welṭ ... biz Titus hoṭ Yerušalayim eingnomen ...

[Yôsēf Ben-Gōryôn hak-kōhēn]

Amîrā le-vêt Yaʿaqôv : anšprache an das hois Jaʿakov oder di drei bezondern pflichṭen jidišer ehefroien nida, ḥale, hadloke ...

bearbeiṭeṭ und in'z daiṭše iberṭragen fon Zeligman Ber Bamberger

Sēfer Miṣwôt han-nāšîm : ein zehr hipš froien sefer abr niṭ wi alr hnd ṭaisši bichlein ... zundrn gor dinlich tzu der nešome ... wi zich ein fromi froie in iri gvoṭni 3 mitzwes nido ḥale we-hadlokes ner for halṭin zol ...

[Benjamin Aaron Ben-Abraham Slonik]

Sēfer Miṣwôt han-nāšîm : ein zehr hipš froien sefer abr niṭ wi alr hnd ṭaiṭši bichlein... zundrn gor dinlich tzu drn nešome ... wi zich ein fromi froie in iri gvoṭni 3 mitzwes nido ḥale we-hadlokes ner tzu for halṭin zol ...

[Benjamin Aaron Ben-Abraham Slonik]

Minḥā ḥadāšā : ʿim šemen le-minḥā ; anhang tzu Pele yôʿēṣ ; kurtzgefasṭe dinim meliḥe ḥale we-hadloke miṭ einige ... divre musar

bearbeiẹtṭ und heroisgegeben mimmenî ... Yehûdā Kōhēn Qrôys

Robinzohn : eine wahre und wundrbare gešichṭe in 2 ṭheile tzum unṭrhalṭ und tzum belehrung ; dize gešichṭe izṭ ibrzetzṭ in ale šprachn fon dr welṭ, darum hoṭ man zi jetzṭ ibrzetzṭ oich in judišn le-aḥinu bene-Jiśroel

Jehošua Šṭehrer

Der krizis in der Poale-Tzijon bewegung : memorandum fun dem tzenṭral-komiṭeṭ fun der idišer sotzial-demokraṭišer arbeiṭer-organizatzie Poale-Tzijon in Daiṭšland tzu die Poale-Tzijon parṭeien in ale lender

Digitalisat der Ausg. Berlin, 1920

[Ale werk]

J. L. Peretz

Ale werk

fun Mendele Moicher Sforim

Ale werk

Šolem Aleichem