(Table 1) Carbon and isotopic composition of organic carbon in sediments from DSDP Leg 56 Holes

We have analyzed inorganic and organic carbons and determined the isotopic composition of both sedimentary organic carbon and inorganic carbon in carbonates contained in sediments recovered from Holes 434, 434A, 434B, 435, and 435A in the landward slope of Japan and from Hole 436 in the oceanic slope of the Japan Trench. Both inorganic and organic carbons were assayed at the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, in the same sample, using the Knopp technique and measuring evolved CO2 gravimetrically. Each sample was analyzed twice in parallel. Measurements were of a ±0.05 per cent accuracy and a probability level of 0.95. Carbon isotopic analysis was carried out on a MI-1305 mass spectrometer at the I. M. Gubkin Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry and the results presented as dC13 values related to the PDB standard. The procedure for preparing samples for organic carbon isotopic analysis involved (1) drying damp sediments at 60°C; (2) treating samples, while heating, with 10 N HCl to remove carbonate carbon; and (3) evaporating surplus HCl at 60°C. The organic substance was turned to CO2 by oxidizing it in an oxygen atmosphere. To prepare samples for inorganic carbon isotopic analysis we decomposed the carbonates with orthophosphoric acid and refined the gas evolved. The dC13 measurements, including a full cycle of sample preparation, were of a ±0.5 per cent accuracy and a probability level of 0.95.

Coarse-silt-fraction mineralogy at DSDP Legs 56 and 57 Holes

Soviet sedimentologists use the term "coarse silt" to denote the size fraction 0.1 to 0.05 mm (50-100 µm). Petelin (1961) has shown that this fraction is most diagnostic for terrigeneous and volcanogenic mineral assemblages and provinces in Recent deep-sea sediments, because of its greatest variability of both heavy and light non-opaque minerals, which may be easily identified by the common immersion method. We believe that the fraction is suitable for mineralogical study of unconsolidated and friable sediments from DSDP cores as well, if the objective is to investigate their source area and transporation tracks. In the case of fine-grained oceanic sediments, mineral composition of the coarse silt does not differ markedly from that of the "coarse fraction" (>62 µm).

Geochemistry of the Japan Trench sediments at DSDP Legs 56-57 Holes

The main objective of this investigation was to study distribution of main chemical constituents and several minor elements in sediment sections drilled during DSDP Legs 56 and 57 in the Japan Trench, in order to infer geochemical features of different lithologic types of sediments, and to find out how the geochemistry is associated with major lithologic constituents, such as terrigenous detrital matter, clay, volcanic ash, and biogenic particles. The geochemical data may help to indicate the nature of the sediments and to interpret sedimentation processes. The analyzed samples seem to be representative of most lithologic units, sub-units, and sediment types drilled at all sites on both legs, except for some shallow-water deposits at Sites 438 and 439. We analyzed bulk-sediment composition by X-ray fluorescence (Kuzmina and Turanskaya) and routine wet-chemical methods (Mikhailov); amorphous SiO2, extracted in a boiling sodium carbonate solution (Analythical Laboratory, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology); Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Al by atomic absorption (Gordeev); and Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V, B, and Ag by quantitative spectrographic analyses in both bulk samples and granulometric fractions (Mikhailov). In addition, Fe, Ti, Mn, and CaCO3 have been determined in selected samples by routine wet-chemical methods (Analytical Laboratory, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology). Murdmaa was responsible for interpretation of the results.

Reply to the discussion by Karen Johannesson on “Rare earth element geochemistry of scleractinian coral skeleton during meteoric diagenesis: a sequence through neomorphism of aragonite to calcite” by Webb et al., Sedimentology, 56, 1433-1463

Webb et al. (2009) described a late Pleistocenecoral sample wherein the diagenetic stabilization of original coral aragonite to meteoric calcite was halted more or less mid-way through the process, allowing direct comparison of pre-diagenetic and post-diagenetic microstructure and trace element distributions. Those authors found that the rare earth elements (REEs) were relatively stable during meteoric diagenesis, unlike divalent cations such as Sr,and it was thus concluded that original, in this case marine, REE distributions potentially could be preserved through the meteoric carbonate stabilization process that must have affected many, if not most, ancient limestones. Although this was not the case in the analysed sample, they noted that where such diagenesis took place in laterally transported groundwater, trace elements derived from that groundwater could be incorporated into diagenetic calcite, thus altering the initial REE distribution (Banner et al., 1988). Hence, the paper was concerned with the diagenetic behaviour of REEs in a groundwater-dominated karst system. The comment offered by Johannesson (2011) does not question those research results, but rather, seeks to clarify an interpretation made by Webb et al. (2009) of an earlier paper, Johannesson et al. (2006).

Hole mobility of 3.56 cm2V−1s−1accomplished using more extended dithienothiophene with furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer

A highly extended dithienothiophene comonomer building block was used in combination with highly fused aromatic furan substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole for the synthesis of novel donor–acceptor alternating copolymer PDPPF-DTT. Upon testing PDPPF-DTT as a channel semiconductor in top contact bottom gate organic field effect transistors (OFETs), it was found to exhibit p-channel behaviour. The highest hole mobility of 3.56 cm2 V−1 s−1 was reported for PDPPF-DTT. To our knowledge, this is the highest mobility reported so far for the furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole class of copolymers using conventional device geometry with straightforward processing.

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10−4, Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10−8, including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.

Euran emännän neulakintaat : Tutkielma Luistarin haudan 56 neulakinnasfragmenteista

Tutkielman tavoitteena on tuottaa neulakinnasrekonstruktio Euran Luistarin kalmiston haudan 56 neulakinnasfragmenttien pohjalta. Hauta on tutkittu vuonna 1969, jolloin kalmistoalueen arkeologiset kaivaukset aloitettiin. Haudan löytöjen perusteella on aikaisemmin tehty kokonainen pukurekonstruktio, Euran muinaispuku. Luistarin hauta 56 on ruumishauta ja se on tehty naisvainajalle rautakaudella, 1000-luvun alkupuolella jKr. Neulakinnastekniikalla on valmistettu neuloksia jo tuhansia vuosia. Eri neulakinnastekniikoita on yritetty kuvata useilla teorioilla, joista paras lienee Egon H. Hansenin merkintätapa. Suomalaisen kansanperinteen mukaan maassamme on tehty neuleita kolmella erilaisella neulakinnastekniikalla: suomeksi , venäjäksi ja pyöräyttäen . Luistarin haudan 56 neulakinnastekniikalla valmistetut tekstiilifragmentit löytyivät vainajan vatsalta suuren puukontupen päältä sekä kämmenluiden ja sormusten yhteydestä. Fragmentteja saatiin kaivauksissa talteen yhteensä kuusi, joista suurin on kooltaan 6x9 cm. Fragmentit on sijaintinsa perusteella tulkittu kintaiden jäänteiksi. Hautaustilanteessa kintaat ovat ilmeisesti sijainneet vainajan vatsalla, eivätkä käsiin puettuina, sillä fragmentteja ei löytynyt kaikkien sormusten yhteydestä. Myös eräistä muista rautakautisista ruumishaudoista on löydetty neulakintaiden jäänteitä. Luistarin haudan 56 neulakinnasfragmenteista on tutkittu valmistustekniikka, lankojen paksuudet ja kierteisyydet. Selkeänä erottuvat kolme väriä on tulkittu mikroskooppitarkastelussa siniseksi, punaiseksi ja keltaiseksi. Pieni punaisen kerroksen pätkä aivan suurimman fragmentin reunassa on tulkittu peukalon tyveksi. Muita Suomesta löytyneitä rautakautisia neulakinnasfragmentteja ja niistä saatuja tietoja on käytetty vertailuaineistona. Kinnasrekonstruktioon käytetyt langat on värjätty luonnonväreillä. Värjäyksessä on käytetty osittain nykypäivän keinoja, mutta niin, että lopputulos poikkeaisi mahdollisimman vähän muinaistekniikoilla tehdystä. Punainen lanka on värjätty värimataralla eli krapilla, keltainen kanervalla ja sininen luonnonindigolla. Kintaiden muotoilu perustuu suomalaiseen neulakinnastraditioon ja lähialueiltamme löytyneisiin keskiaikaisiin neulakintaisiin.

Uchastok N 56 Krivorogskogo okruga i raĭona

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Chiral synthons from carvone, Part 56. Enantiospecific synthesis of (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane

Enantiospecific total synthesis of the natural enantiomer of the marine sesquiterpene (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane (6) is described. The bicyclo[2.2.2]octanonecarboxylate 11, obtained from (R)-carvone and methyl methacrylate via Michael-Michael reaction, was transformed into bicyclo[2.2.2]octenecarboxylic acid 8. Intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of the diazo ketone 7, derived from the acid 8, followed by regioselective reductive cyclopropane ring cleavage generated neopupukeanol 20, which was transformed into (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane 6.

Letras, 2007, nº 55-56 (número completo)

Contenido: La naissance du roman moderne / Pierre Brunel – Tras las huellas de María Teresa Maiorana y Rubén Darío / Martha V. de Burbridge – Ver en la oscuridad. Poéticas de la ceguera según Rimbaud y Borges / Magdalena Cámpora – Giovanni Papini, un escritor olvidado / Daniel Capano – Recreación del laberinto kafkiano en “El Proceso”, de Orson Welles / Adriana Cid – Amistades paralelas: Miguel Cané-Martín García Mérou/Jorge Luis Borges-Adolfo Bioy Casares / Jorge Cruz – Crítica literaria y literatura comparada. Entre selectores y comediantes / Biagio D’Angelo – Lucía Miranda: un mito de origen protonacional en varias lenguas: castellano, latín, francés e inglés / María Rosa Lojo – Don Juan diabólico y periodización literaria / José Manuel Losada – Reseñas bibliográficas

Sapientia, 1960, Vol. XV, nº 56 (número completo)

Contenido: Reflexiones en torno al sesquicentenario de la Revolución de Mayo / Octavio N. Derisi – Santo Tomás y la filosofía cristiana actual / Cornelio Fabro – El humanismo en Heidegger / José Ignacio Alcorta – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Efecto de la fertilización foliar complementaria sobre el rendimiento de grano en sorgo (Sorghum vulgare pers.) variedad dekalb E-56-A

Con el objeto de determinar cual es la formula de fertilizantes al suelo, que complementada con un determinado numero de aplicaciones foliares, son mas adecuadas para obtener los mayores rendimientos de grano en sorgo, se llevo a cabo un experimento en el que se probaron 4 diferentes formulas de fertilizante al suelo completados con diferente numero de aplicaciones de un fertilizante foliar, usando una semilla híbrida; Dekalb E-56-A, en las condiciones de La Calera. Se observaron los siguientes caracteres: Días de floración, altura de planta, ahijamiento en la base del tallo, cantidad de forraje y rendimiento de grano. De los resultados obtenidos por el análisis de varianza se puede deducir lo siguiente: No existen diferencias significativas en ninguno de los caracteres observados; en cuanto a rendimiento del grano el tratamiento que mayor producción dio fue el testigo. Los resultados obtenidos de este experimento pueden ser de mucho valor para agricultores que siembran sorgo en condiciones similares a las de "La Calera" y para aquellos que pueden hacer un uso inapropiado de los fertilizantes foliares, sin conocer la acción de estos debido a falta de experimentación.