Modelling wind direction from satellite scatterometer data

Most of the common techniques for estimating conditional probability densities are inappropriate for applications involving periodic variables. In this paper we apply two novel techniques to the problem of extracting the distribution of wind vector directions from radar scatterometer data gathered by a remote-sensing satellite.

Estimation of functional connectivity from electromagnetic signals and the amount of empirical data required

An increasing number of neuroimaging studies are concerned with the identification of interactions or statistical dependencies between brain areas. Dependencies between the activities of different brain regions can be quantified with functional connectivity measures such as the cross-correlation coefficient. An important factor limiting the accuracy of such measures is the amount of empirical data available. For event-related protocols, the amount of data also affects the temporal resolution of the analysis. We use analytical expressions to calculate the amount of empirical data needed to establish whether a certain level of dependency is significant when the time series are autocorrelated, as is the case for biological signals. These analytical results are then contrasted with estimates from simulations based on real data recorded with magnetoencephalography during a resting-state paradigm and during the presentation of visual stimuli. Results indicate that, for broadband signals, 50-100 s of data is required to detect a true underlying cross-correlations coefficient of 0.05. This corresponds to a resolution of a few hundred milliseconds for typical event-related recordings. The required time window increases for narrow band signals as frequency decreases. For instance, approximately 3 times as much data is necessary for signals in the alpha band. Important implications can be derived for the design and interpretation of experiments to characterize weak interactions, which are potentially important for brain processing.

A fast XPS study of sulphate promoted propene decomposition over Pt{111}

SO2 oxidation has been followed by Fast XPS over Pt{111}. Preadsorbed oxygen reduces the low temperature saturation coverage of SO2 with respect to the clean surface. Heating a mixed O2/SO2 adlayer results in efficient oxidation of both upright and flat-lying SO2 molecules to surface-bound SO4. Sulphate decomposes above room temperature liberating gas-phase SO2 and SO3. Propene adsorbs molecularly at 100 K over clean Pt{111} and dehydrogenates above 250 K to form a stable propylidyne adlayer, which in turn decomposes above 400 K to form graphitic carbon. Preadsorbed surface sulphate enhances the sticking probability of propene via formation of an alkyl-sulphate complex. Thermal decomposition of this complex accounts for low temperature propene combustion and is accompanied by atomic sulpur deposition. Propylidyne forms as on clean Pt but is less reactive undergoing partial oxidation above 450 K with residual surface oxygen.

Phytochemical-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for nose-to-brain olfactory drug delivery

Central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery is often hampered due to the insidious nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nose-to-brain delivery via olfactory pathways have become a target of attention for drug delivery due to bypassing of the BBB. The antioxidant properties of phytochemicals make them promising as CNS active agents but possess poor water solubility and limited BBB penetration. The primary aim of this study was the development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with the poorly water-soluble phytochemicals curcumin and chrysin which could be utilised for nose-to-brain delivery. We formulated spherical MSNP using a templating approach resulting in ∼220nm particles with a high surface porosity. Curcumin and chrysin were successfully loaded into MSNP and confirmed through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and HPLC approaches with a loading of 11-14% for curcumin and chrysin. Release was pH dependant with curcumin demonstrating increased chemical stability at a lower pH (5.5) with a release of 53.2%±2.2% over 24h and 9.4±0.6% for chrysin. MSNP were demonstrated to be non-toxic to olfactory neuroblastoma cells OBGF400, with chrysin (100μM) demonstrating a decrease in cell viability to 58.2±8.5% and curcumin an IC50 of 33±0.18μM. Furthermore confocal microscopy demonstrated nanoparticles of <500nm were able to accumulate within cells with FITC-loaded MSNP showing membrane localised and cytoplasmic accumulation following a 2h incubation. MSNP are useful carriers for poorly soluble phytochemicals and provide a novel vehicle to target and deliver drugs into the CNS and bypass the BBB through olfactory drug delivery.

Protein encapsulation and release from PEO-b-polyphosphoester templated calcium carbonate particles

International audience

Adubação nitrogenada foliar e incidência da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) em pêssegos da cultivar 'Chimarrita'.

2011

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 513 - Korrespondenzen mit Theodor W. Adorno (p. VI 3, 243 - 555)

Briefe zwischen Theodor W. Adorno, Gretel Adorno und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief der Bank of America (Los Angeles) an Theodor W. Adorno, 24.12.1959; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Herrn Ratza (Verband der Heimkehrer), 04.11.1959; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno an Herrn Becker (Rechtsanwalt), [1959]; 1 Brief von Hans-Joachim Lieber an Theodor W. Adorno, 06.05.1959; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an L. Herschel, 25.04.1959; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Felix Weil, 25.03.1959; 1 Brief von Reinhold Baer an Max Horkheimer, 22.01.1959; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Reinhold Baer, 06.02.1959; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Paul Massing, 23.01.1959; 1 anoymer Propagandabrief von I. Maschner; 1 Stellungnahme zum Propagandabrief, 12.11.1960; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an I. Maschner, 01.12.1960; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Hubert Habicht, 11.11.1960; 1 Brief von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft an die Europäische Verlangsanstalt (Frankfurt a. M.), 05.10.1960; 1 Brief an Theodor W. Adorno von der Europäischen Verlagsanstalt, 12.10.1960; 1 Brief von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft an Theodor W. Adorno, 09.02.1960; 1 Brief von H.-J. Schüring an Theodor W. Adorno, 28.08.1960; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Adolf Allwohn, 27.07.1960; 1 Brief von der Deutschen Kriminologischen Gesellschaft (Buchschlag) an Max Horkheimer, 06.07.1960; 1 Brief von Arno Peters an Theodor W. Adorno, 10.02.1960; 1 Brief von den Literaturfreunden Barranquilla an Theodor W. Adorno, 06.02.1960; 2 Briefe von Siegfried Cohn an den AUFBAU New York, 1959/1960; 1 Brief vom AUFBAU an Werner Siegfried Cohn, [1960]; 1 Brief von Wilhelm Bernsdorf an Theodor W. Adorno, 21.01.1960; 1 Brief von Hans Achinger an Theodor W. Adorno, 11.01.1960;